A.D. 1816, August 3.—No 4053.

DAYMAN, JOHN.-"A method of covering or coating iron, "steel, or other metals or mixtures of metals."

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The apparatus used in carrying out this invention "may be "described in general terms to consist of a mold or molds of a proper substance," which has no affinity with the metal it is intended to receive, "in which the metal intended to be coated, "after being duly prepared" by tinning or in any other suitable manner, “is to be secured, leaving a space or spaces open equal "to the intended thickness and shape of the coating, which mold or molds is or are to be plunged in a vessell of melted metal of "the sort intended for the coating, and there continued until the open space is filled and all the air bubbles have escaped."

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The Specification and Drawings describe and show an apparatus for coating pipes, tubes, and pumps, also an apparatus for coating flat sheets of iron or other substance. In the apparatus for coating pipes, &c., the outside cylindrical case is preferably made in two parts, and a separate bottom and top is fixed, fluid-tight, on to the cylindrical case; a core of metal, or other suitable material (“ of "the size of the intended internal coating ") fits into the bottom and goes through a hole in the top. In the apparatus for coating flat sheets, two flat sides of the mould (having suitable flanges and screws) enclose the piece of metal intended to be coated, spaces being left between the sheet of metal and the sides of the mould equal to the thickness of the coating required on each side of the said metal to be coated.

[Printed, 6d. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 31 (second series), p. 263; also Rolls Chapel Reports, 8th Report, p. 116.]

A.D. 1817, June 10.-N° 4134.

PARNALL, JOHN.--This invention is entitled an "Invention " and improvement of tinning, or covering with tin, sheets or "plates of copper, brass, or zink."

The process, set forth in the Specification, is as follows:

The sheet of copper, brass or zinc is pickled in a solution of spirits of salts or marine acid," put into an air furnace ("to "raise a scale "), struck upon an iron plate (to beat the scale off), passed through a pair of case-hardened iron rolls, and placed in "lees of fermented bran," in which it must remain twenty-four

hours. The said sheet of copper, brass, or zinc is then pickled for four hours in weak "vitriolic acid, 99 rinsed, cleaned, "and

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dipped into a pot of melted tin with tallow grease, or any other more fit fat material on the top, through which the sheet of copper, brass, or zink passes to the tin; or otherwise, without "tallow, grease, or any other more fit material on the top of the tin, when the quality of the copper, brass, or zink makes it unnecessary. After this the sheet of copper is dipped, if required, into a second tin or wash pot filled with melted tin, and "then into a pot of grease to take off any knob of tin that may "have collected, and make the covering of tin of a smooth "surface. The sheet is then taken and rubbed clean with bran, "and after this it is passed through a pair of case-hardened high polished iron rolls, when it becomes fit for use." [Printed, 3d. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 32, p. 140.]

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A.D. 1817, December 5.-N° 4182.

TURNER, JOHN.In this Specification the claim is for “The improvements of plating copper or brass, or copper and brass "mixed with pure or standard gold, or with gold mixed with a greater portion of alloy, so that when plated it may be rolled "into sheets."

The following is the method of accomplishing the above-mentioned object :-Ingots of copper or brass are cleaned, and their surfaces are made as level as possible; plates of gold, or of alloy of gold, are then prepared in the same way as the ingots. A plate of gold (prepared as described above) is placed on an ingot; these are compressed together by hammering, and bound with wire. A mixture of silver filings and borax is then laid " upon and along "the edge of the piece or plate of gold, and next to the ingot of "metal, so that the said mixture of silver and borax or other salt may lie and rest upon the edge or between the edges of the piece or plate of gold and the ingot of metal." The two metals, thus prepared, are heated "until the adhesion or combination of the gold with the metal is perfect." The plated ingot is then ready for rolling into sheets.

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The adhesion of the gold to the copper may also be effected " without the assistance or the use of any portion of silver mixed "with the borax or salt, by merely using other kinds of solder."

M. M.

B

It is, however, preferred to use the silver and borax, as above stated.

[Printed, 3d. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 34 (second series), p. 10; also Rolls Chapel Reports, 8th Report, p. 127.]

A.D. 1820, May 13.—No 4459.

KENRICK, SAMUEL.-" An improved method of tinning cast "iron vessels of capacity."

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This invention " consists in a new method of suddenly cooling " and setting tin, or other fusible metals mixed with tin, upon cast "iron vessels, by the application of a rapid current of air to the "coating of tin, or other fusible metals mixed with tin, whilst in 66 a state of fusion."

Having cleaned the external and internal surfaces of the vessel, the internal surface is covered with melted tin by the usual process; that process being, the pouring melted tin into the vessel, causing it to adhere by the application of sal ammoniac, and plunging the vessel, whilst still hot, into water, with its mouth upwards. The vessel is then dipped into melted tin, and thus (using sal ammoniąc) is tinned both inside and out; it is then exposed, without loss of time, to the action of a rapid current of air, which suddenly sets the tin upon both surfaces of the vessel. The method described in this Specification is said to be so far superior to that in which water was used as the cooling agent, that vessels can be tinned both inside and out, whereas, by means of water-cooling they could only be tinned on one side at a time.

The Specification and Drawings describe and show apparatus for cooling an "alehouse pint measure." The measure is placed, immediately after having been tinned, in a vessel with which a compressed air reservoir communicates. The air is prevented from impinging directly on the measure by means of a screen or “tray.” [Printed, 7d. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 40 (second series), p. 335; also London Journal (Newton's), vol. 2, p. 427.]

A.D. 1820, December 9.-No 4515.

DOBBS, THOMAS.-" A new mode of uniting together or plat"ing tin upon lead."

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1st. To cover leaden pipes with tin.-A thin coating of tin is first given to the hot leaden pipe by rubbing it over with tow impregnated with tin and turpentine, both inside and outside. A

thicker coating of tin is then given by enclosing the pipe in a mould, and putting a core through the centre of the pipe; the vacancies respectively between the pipe and the mould and between the pipe and the core, determine the thickness of tin coating the leaden pipe, melted tin being poured into the mould for that purpose. The coated pipe is then ready for drawing or rolling.

2nd. To tin ingots of lead on one side.— A plan is used exactly similar to that employed to cover leaden' pipes. The mould is, however, suited to the shape of the ingot, and has a vacancy for the reception of the tin coating, on one side of the ingot only.

3rd. To tin ingots of lead on both sides.-A precisely similar plan to those above set forth is adopted; the mould has, however, a vacancy left on each side of the ingot to receive the tin.

4th. To tin lead sheeting.—Melted tin, and afterwards some melted resinous substance, is poured upon a hot sheet of lead and rubbed over the said sheet," with a greasy rag or hurd or other "similar soft substance," until the lead sheeting is completely tinned; such tin as may not have adhered is then wiped off. Another method is to put the cold tin upon the lead in a small piece, and to flush it on the lead by the help of heat and resin.

[Printed, 3d. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 38 (second series), p. 207; also London Journal (Newton's), vol. 2, p. 89; also Engineers' and Mechanics' Encyclopædia, vol. 2, p. 57; also Rolls Chapel Reports, 7th Report, p. 122.]

A.D. 1821, August 3.-N° 4598.

POOLE, JOHN.-" Plating iron or steel with brass or copper.” To plate a sheet or ingot of iron with brass on one side only.—A shallow, flat-bottomed, cast-iron pan is provided; the said pan has sloping sides, a ledge all round the bottom, several small feet cast on to it, and is coated with whiting and water. An ingot or plate of brass, of the size of the bottom of the pan within the above mentioned ledge, cleaned on one side, "and of such a thickness as "that, when fused or melted, it may rise a little above the said "ledge or projection," is placed in the pan, and above it, resting on the ledge, a clean sheet of iron is laid. The iron is weighted so as to keep in contact with the ledge when the brass is melted. The whole, thus arranged, is then placed “in a reverberating furnace " having a flat and level bottom. The pan is then taken from the furnace and placed with its feet in cold water. When the metals are sufficiently cooled, the process is finished.

To plate a sheet or ingot of iron on both sides with brass.—An arrangement similar to that already described is used; an additional plate of brass is, however, laid on the top of the iron plate, and on the top of that a cast iron lid is placed. The said lid has a notched projecting ledge all round it, which is equal in depth to the thickness of plating required.

To plate round or square iron bars with brass, an exactly similar arrangement to that above described is used, except that the pan is suitably fluted longitudinally, and has suitably placed ledges. The cover is also made to correspond with the pan.

To plate ornaments of brass upon iron, a plain pan is used, the design is sunk into the iron, and the superfluous brass is ground or filed off.

[Printed, 7d. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 3, p. 237.]

A.D. 1822, August 24.-No 4698.

MITCHELL, WILLIAM.-Plating by means of hydraulic pres

sure.

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This invention "consists in the application of a water press, "such as is known by the name of Brahma's press, in the manufac"ture of gold and silver plate, and plate of other ductile metals, "for the accomplishment of what has heretofore been effected in a less perfect manner by the screw press and by percussion." Two cast iron blocks, of the same diameter as the ram or piston, are employed; the lower block rests on the piston, the upper one is "fitted to the shoulder of the press, and attached to it by a bolt passing through to the top of the frame of the press.' "To "form a sufficient resistance to the dies employed in the manufac"ture when the press is in operation," two circular pieces of steel are used; these are ground into the above-mentioned blocks.

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"In applying the said water press to the manufacture of plate," dies are employed, "such has have been hitherto used in the "manufacture of plate." The metal is cut into suitable shapes and applied to the dies, "the impression required is completed by a single operation of the press, and without having recourse to annealing or softening the metal."

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[Printed, 5d. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 6, p. 74.]