Holland.

Duration.

Dutch West
Indies.

tation, the Specification must state the date, title and term of the foreign Patent.

The term is five, ten or fifteen years, at the option of the petitioner, the duty payable being 150, 300 and 600 florins respectively."

DUTCH WEST INDIES.C

In the Dutch West Indies a Patent is avoided by (1) a defective Specification; (2) prior user of the invention; (3) neglect to work the Patent within two years from the date of the grant, unless for reasons approved of by the government; (4) the taking out by the Patentee of a Patent for the same matter in a foreign State; (5) neglect to establish within two years from the date of the grant a factory sufficient to supply the invention at reasonable cost; (6) the subject-matter being dangerous to the security or safety of the government or the inhabitants of the colony.

Leave of the Governor-General is necessary to a transfer of the interest under the Patent, to whom also notice of the devolution of the same by succession must be given. Entries of such acquired interests are made in a Register. Failure of compliance with the regulation in this behalf renders the Patent void. The fee on such transfer is 20 florins (17. 15s.)

The term of the privilege is varied by the importance of the invention, the dues being for five years 150 florins (137.); for ten years 300 florins (267.), or 400 florins (341. 10s.); for fifteen years 600 florins (527.), or 700 florins (607.), according to the importance of the invention.d

с

Urling, 258; Reg. 27 Jan. 1817, Art. 14.

Regulations dated Paramaribo, 4 July, 1844, Art. 20; Urling, 28, App. C. 260.

d Art. 9.

ITALY.

Sardinia.

Legislation.

The existing Laws on Patents in the kingdom of ITALY. Sardinia are those contained in the Patents of February Sardinia. 28th, 1826, January 2nd, 1829, and March 31st, 1832, the provisions of which are framed in a spirit of great liberality.

To obtain the grant, a petition, with Specification, &c., is presented through the Secretary of State for the Interior. The Specification, drawings and models are, upon the grant of the Patent, deposited in the Academy of Science at Turin. Where the Patent extends over the whole State the grant must be registered in all Councils and all Tribunals of Commerce. But Patents applying only to the capital or to certain districts need only be registered in the Consulate of Turin or the District Tribunal of Commerce. If the grant be not published within six months from its date, the Patent becomes void. A list of the Patents granted, with their subject matter and term, is published by the Academy of Science. The period within which the Patent must be worked is prescribed specially in each case, and every year proof must be given to the Council of Turin or the Chamber of Commerce of the district in which the Patentee resides that it is in such operation.

k

The term is fixed at the discretion of the government. Duration. Six, eight and ten years are those ordinarily granted.'

e Loosey, 389.

Patent of Feb. 28, 1826, Art. 3.

Ibid. Art. 4.

b Patent of Jan. 2, 1829, Art. 1.

Patent of Feb. 28, 1826, Art. 15.

k Ibid. 1826, Art. 6.

Ibid. 1826, Art. 2.

Modena.

Tuscany.

Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.

Rome, States of the Church.

Modena.m

The Laws in force in this State are those passed July 1st, 1848, with reference to inventions patented in the Sardinian States.

Tuscany.

The same remarks apply to this State, the only regu. lations there existing being those contained in the Royal Decree of October 31st, 1840, giving effect to the proposals made by their Majesties the Emperor of Austria and the King of Sardinia, in Article 27 of the treaty concluded between them for the securing of the rights of authors of literary and artistic works in their respective States.

Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.

The grant in these States is still governed by the French Laws of 7th January and 25th May, 1791, and a Decree of 27th September, 1800 (5 Vendem. An. IX.), and a Sovereign Ducal Decree dated 21st August, 1833.

Rome, States of the Church." The Law consists of a Patent issued from the Apostolic Chamber, September 3rd, 1833.

Aliens may become Patentees. Patents of imported subject matter expire with the foreign Patent if there be one, or is limited to five years if there be not. The terms for those of invention are five, ten and fifteen years, with possibility of extension. Opposition to avoid the grant must be made within six months from its date. The Patent must be worked within a year, and never suspended for an entire year.

Lucca.

Patents in this State are regulated by Laws of the Lucca. date of 5th May, 1807, and 31st August, 1819.

KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILIES.P

Patents in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies are regu- Kingdom of the lated by Decrees of the dates of March 2nd, 1810, and

March 18th, 1844.

NOVA SCOTIA.

Two Sicilies.

Legislation.

grant.

Patents in Nova Scotia are granted under a recent Nova Scotia. Act of the General Assembly of the province of Nova Source of the Scotia. The Letters-patent issue at the direction of the Governor, and are recorded by the Provincial Secretary in a book kept for that purpose. Copies of the LettersPatent are obtainable at the rate of six-pence per folio, and drawings at a reasonable rate. The interest is assignable. The assignment (which must be recorded in the Office of the Secretary) carries with it the liabilities as well as the rights of the Patentee. Copies of Specifications, certified by the provincial Secretary, are admissible evidence within the Courts of the province.

"Any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or Subject matter. composition of matter, or any new or useful improvement thereon previously unknown." Simple change of form

or proportions of any machine or composition of matter

is not deemed a discovery.

The only limitation with respect to the Patentee is, Patentee. that he shall have resided in the province for twelve months prior to the date of his application." No distinction is made with respect to the tax between British subjects and others, the fee being 20s. for all parties, payable at the Office of the Secretary, on application.*

Nova Scotia.

Specification.

Term.

Portugal.
Legislation.

The applicant is required to make oath that he believes himself to be true inventor, and that his invention is new within the province.

Before the grant the applicant is required to deliver a full description of his invention, and the manner of using or the process of compounding the same; and in the case of a machine to deliver a model and explain the principles by which it may be distinguished from other machines; similarly in other cases to deliver drawings or specimens of ingredients sufficient for the purposes of experiment. The whole is to be deposited and kept in the Secretary's Office. The Governor may dispense with the delivery of a model.

The term is not to exceed fourteen years."

PORTUGAL."

The Laws relating to Patent privileges in Portugal are those of 16th of January, 1837, and the clauses 367— 385 inclusive of the penal Law.

The government reserves to itself the right to purchase the Patent. It guarantees neither the novelty, priority or merit of the invention.c

The Patent is transferable in the same manner as other property. A register of all Patents is kept at the Office of the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

The Patent must be worked within half the term assigned to the Patent. If the Patent involve a chemical process, a bond of 1,000,000 R. (2507.) is given by the Patentee, conditioned to become void on his publicly