5 mum abiit, quod fallaci reditu in castra jurejurando se exsolvisset. Quod ubi innotuit relatumque ad senatum est, omnes censuerunt comprehendendum et custodibus publice datis deducendum ad Hannibalem esse. Est et alia de captivis fama: decem primos venisse: de eis cum dubitatum in senatu esset, admitterentur in urbem necne, ita admissos esse, ne tamen iis senatus daretur: morantibus deinde longius omnium spe, alios tres insuper legatos venisse, L. Scribonium et C. Calpur10 nium et L. Manlium: tum demum ab cognato Scribonii tribuno plebis de redimendis captivis relatum esse, nec censuisse redimendos senatum, et novos legatos tres ad Hannibalem revertisse, decem veteres remansisse; quod, per causam recognoscendi nomina captivorum ad Hanni15 balem ex itinere regressi, religione sese exsolvissent. De iis dedendis magna contentione actum in senatu esse, victosque paucis sententiis, qui dedendos censuerint: ceterum proximis censoribus adeo omnibus notis ignominiisque confectos esse, ut quidam eorum mortem sibi ipsi 20 extemplo consciverint, ceteri non foro solum omni deinde vita, sed prope luce ac publico, caruerint. Mirari magis, adeo discrepare inter auctores, quam quid veri sit discernere queas. Quanto autem major ea clades superioribus cladibus 25 fuerit, vel ea res indicio est, quod fides sociorum, quæ ad eum diem firma steterat, tum labare cœpit, nulla profecto alia de re quam quod desperaverant de imperio. Defecere autem ad Pœnos hi populi, Atellani, Calatini, Hirpini, Apulorum pars, Samnites præter Pentros, Bruttii omnes, 30 Lucani: præter hos Surrentini et Græcorum omnis ferme ora, Tarentini, Metapontini, Crotonienses, Locrique, et Cisalpini omnes Galli. Nec tamen eæ clades defectionesque sociorum moverunt, ut pacis unquam mentio apud Romanos fieret, neque ante consulis Romam adventum, 35 nec postquam is rediit renovavitque memoriam acceptæ cladis. Quo in tempore ipso adeo magno animo civitas fuit, ut consuli ex tanta clade, cujus ipse causa maxima fuisset, redeunti, et obviam itum frequenter ab omnibus ordinibus sit, et gratiæ actæ quod de re publica non despe40 rasset: qui si Carthaginiensium ductor fuisset, nihil recu. sandum supplicii foret. EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS A and S. 66 stands for the Latin Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard. Dict. Antiqq. 66 Hand, Turs. 66 Krebs "T. K. Arnold's Practical Introduction to Latin umes. "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, edited by William Smith, LL.D. Amer. edition, revised by Prof. Anthon. "Ferdinand Hand's Tursellinus, seu de Particulis Latinis Commentarii. 66 "Krebs' Guide for writing Latin. Historical references are made to the following works:— Niebuhr's Hist. of Rome, (Eng. ed.) translated by Hare and Thirlwall. Arnold's History of Rome Schmitz's History of Rome American edition, D. Appleton & Co. The following works are also referred to:- Freund's Wörterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache, Madvig's Lateinische Sprachlehre, Becker's Handbuch der Römischen Alterthümer, Hartung's Religion der Römer, Grysar's Theorie des Lateinischen Stiles; and occasionally Becker's Gallus, translated by Metcalfe, and the Classical Museum, published in London. NOTES. 1. Facturusne operæ pretium sim.-Operæ pretium, literally, 1 the reward of one's pains, a thing worth the while = opus utile, a useful work. Facturus sim is the subj. of the future, (see A. ar S. § 260, Rem. 7, (2,) Z. § 497,) forming with the enclitic ne an indirect question, (see A. and S. § 265; Z. § 552.) These first four words form the first four feet of an hexameter verse. So Tacitus begins his Annals with an entire hexameter, Urbem Romam a principio reges habuere. Such instances of poetic numbers in prose Cicero censures in Orator, c. 54; and in every language they are to be avoided. Accordingly, critics and editors have preferred to read facturusne sim operæ pretium; but the remark of Quintilian, (Inst. 9, 4,) is conclusive on this point: T. Livius hexametri exordio cœpit, “facturusne operæ pretium sim ;" nam ita edidit estque melius quam quomodo emendatur. Est operæ pretium, as we learn from the Scholiast on Horace, Sat. 1, 2, 37, was a favorite expression of the poet Ennius; and as we kno that Livy, in his history of the kings, followed the Annales of Ennius, a fact which is quite obvious from the general poetic character of the style, as well as from particular forms and expressions, and even fragments of verse, borrowed directly from that poet, it seems not improbable that this epic opening of Livy's preface was either imitated or borrowed from the same source. Compare Niebuhr's Hist. Rome, vol i. p. 219. 2. Si sciam," if I knew." In hypothetical sentences, we must thus frequently render the subj. pres., in a conditional clause, by an English past tense.-Ausim, see A. and S. § 162, 9; Z. § 161, and § 181. 3. Quippe qui—videam, “for I am av are." Quippe—also utpote, ut qui means inasmuch as I, he, they, &c., i. e. "for," "because." Sometimes the English expression "as being" gives the force of this construction. For the subj. see A. and S. § 264, 8; Z. § 565; Arn. Pr. Intr. P. I. 482. 8. Pro virili parte. Pars or portio virilis means, in a legal sense, a portion of an inheritance that falls to a man, i. e. to each one of the heirs. Hence the expression comes to mean a part, a share, a duty; and pro virili parte, for my part, what belongs to me. Render, "that I also have borne my part, &c."-Folsom. Page 1 11. Ut quæ-repetatur. For the subj. see n. above, on quippe qui-videam. 14. Legentium plerisque. Plerique is here partitive, in the sense of the greater number, the majority. Otherwise it means "a great many," very many." See Z. § 109, Note. 99 66 22. Ante conditam condendamve urbem, i. e. antequam urbs aut condita esset, aut conderetur, (Lachmann, Propert. 4, 12, 62,) "before the city was built, or the design of building it was formed." The part. here, as frequently, supplies the place of the part. pres. pass., i. e. of a continued passive state. See Z. § 652. 66 23. Poeticis magis decora fabulis. This remark clearly reveals Livy's own view of the poetic character of the early Roman history. The early books of his work furnish a perpetual commentary upon this remark. Livy wrote in the same spirit, in which the marvellous legends of the heroic age were commonly drawn down into history. Those primitive times, in which the gods walk among mankind, he would not absolutely reject; whatever was recorded of the more recent, so that it was not inconsistent with the earthly condition of our race, he only held to be less complete and certain, but of the same kind with the traditions of accredited history."-Niebuhr's Hist. vol. i. p. 3. 2 4. Cum-Martem potissimum ferat. Potius and potissimum imply choice and preference; potius, this thing rather than some other; potissimum, this rather than any other. Ferre here means to report, hold, consider. "Since they (populus) prefer to consider Mars above all others," &c. 9. Ad illa mihi. Mihi is an instance of what is called by gram. marians the dativus ethicus. See A. and S. § 228, Note; Z. § 408. To a Roman it was no expletive, though in translation it may seem so It gives to the discourse the force of a lively personal interest. Let every one, if he will listen to me," &c.; or, "To these things then I earnestly desire that every one," &c. to us. 10. Per quos viros, quibusque artibus. Per with the acc. is used, when a man is the instrument or the means by which any thing is done. There is, however, a difference between per when used of things, and the ablative. See Z. § 301, and § 455. 19. Quod imitere, capias:-quod vites. The subj. capias is used, because the second person denotes an indefinite subject, "one," "a man," &c.-Madvig's Lat. Sprachl. § 370. For the subj. in imitere―vites, see A. and S. § 264, 5; Z. § 567. 22. Nec in quam civitatem, etc. = nec ulla (nulla) civitas, in quam, etc. For the subj. in immigraverint—fuerit, see A. and S. § 264, 7; Z. § 561. 25. Adeo, quanto, etc. Freund cites this passage to illustrate the force of adeo in transition from one thought to another more im. 7 |