following morning, to our inexpressible, joy, we descried a ship in the offing, becalmed, which proved to be the Isabella, of Hull, the same ship which I commanded in 1818 At noon we reached her, when her enterprising commander, who had in vain searched for us in Prince Regent's Inlet, after giving us three cheers, received us with every demonstration of kindness and hospitality which humanity could dictate. I ought to mention also that Mr. Humphreys, by landing me at Possession Bay, and subsequently on the west coast of Baffin's Bay, afforded me an excellent opportunity of concluding my survey, an and of verifying my former chart of that coastique & others aids, gimps of om old de 19úng He now have the pleasing duty of calling the attention of their Lordships to the merits of Commander Ross, who was second in the direction of this expedition, The labours of this officer, who had the departments of astronomy, natural history, and surveying, will speak for themselves in language beyond the ability of my pen; but they will be duly appreciated by their Lordships, and the learned bodies of which he is a member, and who are already acquainted with his acquirements. My steady and faithful friend, Mr. Wm. Thom, of the Royal Navy, who was formerly with me in the Isabella, besides his duty as third in command, took charge of the meteorological journal: to the distribution and economy of provisions, and his judicious plans and suggestions, must be attributed, the uncommon degree of health which our crew enjoyed; and as two out of the three who died in the four years and a half were cut off early in the voyage, by diseases not peculiar to the climate, only one man can be said to have perished. Mr. M'Diarmid, the surgeon, who had been several yoyages to these regions, did justice to the high recommendation I received of him he was successful in every amputation and operation which he performed, and wonderfully so in his treatment of the sick; and I have no hesitation in adding, that he would be an ornament to his Majesty's service, I grit of geolo 10 goats sv.Commander Ross, Mr. Thom, and myself, have, indeed, been serving without pay; but, in common with the crew have lost our all, which regret the more, because it puts it totally out of my power adequately to remunerate my fellowsufferers, whose case I cannot but recommend for their Lordships consideration, We have, however, the consolation, that the results of this expedition have been conclusive, and to science highly important, and may be briefly comprehended in the following words:-The discovery of the Gulf of Boothia, the continent and isthmus of Boothia Felix, and a vast number of islands, rivers, and lakes; the undeniable establishment that the north-east point of America extends to the 74th degree of north latitude; valuable observations of every kind, but particularly on the magnet; and, to crown all, we have had the honour of placing the illustrious name of our most gracious Sovereign William IV. on the true pos position of the magnetic pole. 12ng of 83.1936 00 A 9d29b and honigami 191899 I cannot conclude this letter, Sir, without acknowledging the important advantages we obtained from the valuable publications of Sir Edward Parry and Sir John Franklin, and the communications kindly made to us by those distinguished officers before our departure from England. But the glory of this enterprise is entirely due to Him whose divine favour has been most especially manifested towards us; who guided and directed all our steps; who mercifully provided, in what we had deemed a calamity, his effectual means of Our pre servation: and who, even after the devices and inventions of man had utterly failed, crowned our humble endeavours with complete success. I have, &c. auto To Captain the Hon. George Elliott, &c. 599 bool Isming bas gasolo gaip Dad T JE V DATO baboJOHN ROSS, Captain R.N asbizoda Secretary, Admiralty. 36 619 dy s vino 93 19 ylao bas undeb to 9966 Jest sif 097 9797,300l aid deol bed ofw sco 7110 1993 N

30 tle Market and jonghat

London O public bodies, aided by the of public opinion, have been unable to effect, has actually been accoma private individual, at his own exclusive cost. This splendid undertaking, pregnant with so many advantages, and so consistent with the philanthropic views of those friends of humanity who have witnessed the cruelties practised towards the unfortunate animals driven, at all hours of the night, into the confined area of Smithfield, and its adjoining streets, is situated in the Lower-road, Islington. The new mart stands upon an area of twenty-two acres, immediately abutting upon the Lower-road. The situation is airy and healthful, and is peculiarly appropriate for the purpose, as it is on the high road from the Northern and 'ada no bas Joint bised ves

Eastern parts of the country, from whence the principal supply of cattle for the London market comes. An immense square is enclosed by high walls, around which are erected a continuous range of slated sheds, supported by no less than 244 plain Doric pillars, under which cattle may at all times be protected from the severity of the weather. These sheds are subdivided into numerous compartments with layers enclosed by oak paling in front, to which the beasts may be either fastened, or allowed to be at liberty, so as to be conveniently subject to the exami nation of the purchasers. In each lair there is a water-trough, constantly supplied with fresh water, by means of pipes passing under ground, from two immense tanks, which are kept filled by machinery from capacious wells, which have been sunk for the purpose. The average length of each shed is 830 feet, and they are capable of accommodating at least 4000 beasts, which may remain from one market day to the other, or till such times as it may be convenient for the purchasers to remove them, an advantage wholly impracticable in Smithfield. The open space in the centre is divided into four quadrangles, intersected by wide passages; and in these quadrangles are to be erected sheep pens (the materials for which are all ready), capable of holding 40,000 sheep, so placed as to be approached with perfect facility. Other pens are constructed for calves, pigs, and such animals as are nsually brought for sale to the cattle market, upon an obviously simple classi. fication, so as to avoid confusion or irregularity of any sort. Every necessary office for the salesmen and clerks of the market will be erected in a large area in the centre, and the ingress is obtained through a large arched passage under the markethouse a fine substantial building, with appropriate offices on each side for check clerks and with accommodation up stairs, either for the counting houses of bankers, or public meetings connected with the business of the establishment. Adjoining the market it is intended to erect abattoirs for slaughtering cattle of every description, in which persons may either be accommodated with private slaughterhouses, or have the animals slaughtered under appointed inspectors, at a certain fixed and moderate rate; so that all the expense, inconvenience, and mischief arising from the present mode of driving cattle through the crowded streets on the market day may be avoided.

Re-opening of Mr. Brookes's School of Anatomy.—The school of anatomy and surgery which was conducted for many years by the late Joshua Brookes, Esq., F.RS. has been re-opened by Mr. King. He stated that, with regard to the order of an introductory course on the study of anatomy, he should recommend a similar classification to that which M. de Blainville had adopted for the whole animal kingdom. His (M. Blainville's) divisions were, Zoonomia, which taught the arrangement of animals after their external form; Zootomia, or the study of their internal structure; Zoobiologia, that of the action of the different organs composing the animal; Zooethiqua, to which belonged the study of the mode of life and habits of the creature; Zooatria, which comprised the alterations or morbid changes to which the organs are subject, and the means of counteracting them; and, finally, Zoonomica, the science of managing and governing animals so as to obtain the greatest possible amount of good from them. Those which related to the course of instruction to be followed in that school were Zootomia, Zoobiologia, Zooatrin; but the investigation would be confined as much as possible to man.

DEVONSHIRE.

A very rich vein of copper has lately been discovered beneath the site occupied by the gasometer at Tavistock. In excavating a portion of the ground, in order to form a cellar for the reception of coal, the workman employed found the soil, a short depth below the surface, so extremely hard as almost to defy his utmost strength and skill in removing it. Upon examination, however, it was found that several of the pieces he had detached were strongly impregnated with copper; and upon still further prosecuting the discovery, a fine rich vein has been detected, which has since yielded not less than 4007. worth of this valuable metal.

LANCASHIRE,

Commerce of Liverpool. The total number of vessels which entered Liverpool and Runcorn, from the 25th of August to the 24th of September, was 986, with a burden of 151,899 tons. Of those which entered Liverpool, 775 were British and 107 foreign. The arrivals from Ireland during the month were 257, from British America 51, from the East Indies 7, from the Isle of Man 16, from Russia 30,

from South America 16, from the United States 33, from the West Indies 26, and coastwise 384. During the same period, only seven vessels entered from France, two from Portugal, one from Spain, three from Belgium, and seven from Sweden. There were two arrivals from the rising colonies in New South Wales,

MIDDLESEX.

The revising barristers for the county of Middlesex have decided that trustees in receipt of rents and profits of trust property are entitled to vote in right of such property; but they were not prepared to say that trustees of chapels, the ministers of which received the pew-rents, had the same right.

NORFOLK.

The Norwich Musical Festival has been very successful: the total receipts, for tickets only, amounted to about 4570%., exclusive of liberal donations from several persons.

STAFFORDSHIRE.

Birmingham Steam Carriage.-Messrs. Heaton, in a letter to the Editor of the "Mechanic's Magazine," gives the following account of the performances of their steam-drag:-" Ön Wednesday morning, Aug. 28, at six minutes past ten o'clock, we set out from our manufactory in Shadwell-street, with a stage-coach, fifteen hundred weight, attached to our steam-drag, with fifteen people thereon, and took up five others on the Bristol road. With this load we arrived at the Bell Inn, Northfield, near seven miles, in fifty-six minutes; stopped there nine minutes for water, and reached the Rose and Crown, at the foot of the hill, eighteen minutes before twelve o'clock; remained there four minutes, and commenced ascending the hill, which is about seven hundred yards long, and rises, on an average, one yard in nine, and in some places one yard in eight. In many places, too, the ground is so soft, that the wheels carried a hill of sand before them of near three inches deep. This hill was ascended by the machine, taking the coach and nine persons to the summit in nine minutes. We then took up the friends we had taken from Birmingham, with five in addition, and proceeded to the market-place in Bromsgrove, and turned the machine and coach round without stopping, and returned back to the Crab Mill Inn, having travelled about fifteen miles, where we arrived twenty-seven minutes before one o'clock, We halted there thirty-five minutes, and set off home. On descending the hill, we thought proper to show our friends, twenty-five in number riding, that the machine was manageable on the most hilly roads, by making a stand-still on the steepest part of the hill. We proceeded on to the Rose and Crown Inn at the foot of the hill, where we halted twenty-five minutes, elated that we had, by ascending and descending one of the worst hills in the kingdom, established the fact that our machine would travel on any road, however bad. We halted again at the Bell Inn, at Northfield, eight minutes, and took three other friends up, and proceeded on to Birmingham, taking up Worcesterstreet, an ascent of one yard in twelve, thirty-two persons, and arrived at the manufactory at thirty-five minutes past four o'clock, having consumed eleven bushels of coke, value 2s. 6d., and travelled in all about twenty-nine miles.”

SUSSEX.

The published plan of the London and Brighton Railway makes the line as nearly as possible direct from Kennington Common to the entrance of Brighton, a distance of about 47 miles, and the passage is to be made in two hours. The line of road runs to Streatham, east of Mitcham and Sutton to Merstham, leaving Reigate about four miles to the west, on to Horley and Worth, passing Crawley about a mile westward, to within a mile of Cuckfield, and on through Hurstperpoint and Patcham to Brighton. Branch roads are contemplated; one from near Cuckfield to Lewes and Hastings; another, commencing at Horley, through Crawley, a little south-east of Horsham, and, passing close to Steyning and Bramber, on to New Shoreham. There is a third line laid down along the Sussex coast, through Shore ham, Worthing, Little Hampton, Chichester, Havant, Cosham, Fareham, and ending at Southampton. The estimated expense is 850,000. It appears that at present about 600 persons pass daily, upon the average of the year, from London to Brighton; they calculate on being able to carry passengers for about 8s., or 2d. a mile. The coaches at present are taking people for 7s, so great is the competition on the road.

YORKSHIRE.

Wakefield Education Return-This document, prepared by the parochial authorities, pursuant to an order of the House of Commons, has just been forwarded to the Home Secretary, by which it appears that there are 2649 children under instruction at the different schools within the township, viz. :—

Of the above number of schools, four are confined to the Established Church, and two to the Dissenters. Fourteen have been established since 1818.

IRELAND.

Irish Tobacco. The commissioners for the purchase of Irish tobacco are now at Drogheda, where 17,031 lbs. had been collected by the Excise, of which 12,000lbs. were forwarded to the King's stores, where they were classified and burnt, like the former quantities. The only three growers in the Drogheda district having quantities on hand were Baron Foster, Henry Smith, Esq., of Athboy, county of Meath, and Thomas Brodigan, Esq., of Piltown, in the same county. The total quantity on hand in Ireland, as returned from the different excise collections on the 1st of July last, was 1,152,802 lbs., a quantity fully equal to 1000 hogsheads, the duty on which, at 3s. per lb., would amount to 172,9207. The largest returns are from Kilkenny and Wexford; that from Dublin amounted to 171,000 lbs., of which 101,017 lbs. have been burnt; 20,000 lbs. are in the hands of a merchant who has a negotiation pending with the Treasury; and 35,000 lbs. are supposed to remain unconsumed in the hands of manufacturers.

Allotment of Land to Labourers.-The following letter of the Duke of Bedford is from "Facts and Illustrations," published by the Labourers' Friend Society :"London, July 27, 1833.-Sir, I have received the communication from the Labourers' Friend Society of the 13th ult. I am happy to say the more I see of the effects attending the allotment and cottage-garden system, the more I am persuaded of the advantages derived from it by the labouring classes. I am convinced that in a short time there will be scarcely a parish in Bedfordshire that has not adopted the system; and I am so satisfied with its beneficial results in the parishes where I possess property, that I am giving encouragement to it in other countiesDevonshire, Bucks, &c. &c."

Private Bills. For the Session 1833 it appears, by the list just published, that there were in the whole 212 petitions for private bills presented. Of these, 18 immediately fell to the ground, no bill founded upon them having been read even a first time; and 26 more did not get far enough to receive the Royal Assent. The nature of the private bills now most petitioned for is somewhat indicative of the spirit and features of the times. A few years back, what most struck everybody was the vast number of Inclosure Bills annually petitioned for and passed. The list of the Sessions just concluded presents only 17. On the other hand, a species of bills have begun to make their appearance which, it requires no great prophetic power to say, will very shortly outnumber all others, albeit utterly unknown to the period to which we allude: we speak of Railway Bills. These, last Session, amounted to 14 petitioned for; and 10 actually passed. The number of common Road Bills petitioned for was 80.

FRENCH LIBELS ON THE english*.

"THE English have realized the fable of living with a window in their bosom.' So says Madame de Stael. How, then, comes it to pass that they are so ill understood by foreigners, and that those who are nearest to them in proximity comprehend them the least? This is a problem that a little attention will enable us to solve. We shall attempt, i at least, to throw some light upon it.

1.

A

In the first place, it does not always happen that those who undertake the ambitious task of pourtraying the character of a people, of whose government, laws, institutions, and manners, they are practically ignorant, are the best qualified to perform it. They may be very ordinary personages in their own country, and the last on whom that country would devolve the honour of making it known to the rest of the world yet they never doubt their own competency to describe the phenomena, and to lay open the hidden springs of the social system in large and powerful communities among whom, for a few months or years at farthest, they have merely sojourned as aliens and strangers.

In the second place, the very facts on which Madame de Stael founds her observation have deceived travellers of no mean capacity into the persuasion that everything in England may be seen at a glance; that because mystery is repugnant to the spirit of her government and the habits of her people, all the great principles of her civil constitution may be easily ascertained. There cannot be a greater fallacy. The transparency which seems to admit the most superficial observer into the knowledge of the national heart, which bares everything to public view, is the effect of causes which it requires the greatest subtlety to detect, and which, when discovered, operate with so strange a complexity, and so apparently in opposition to each other, that even the profoundest sagacity is often at a loss to account for the uniformity of the result, and the practical benefits which it confers. Of this even Mr. Rush, a very enlightened and liberal expositor of our national peculiarities, was not at first aware. The revelation came upon him slowly and by degrees. On his arrival, he imagined that, in the institutions, manners, and social habits of America, he possessed a key which would enable

* 1. Narrative of a Residence at the Court of London, by Richard Rush, Esq., Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary for the United States of America from 1817 to 1825.

2. Great Britain in 1833, by Baron D'Haussez.

Dec.-VOL. XXXIX. NO. CLVI.

2 D