JOSEPH HOPKINSON. [Born, 1770. Died, 1842.] JOSEPH HOPKINSON, LL. D., son of FRANCIS | question. The theatre was then open in our city. A young HOPKINSON, author of "The Battle of the Kegs," &c., was born in Philadelphia in 1770, and educated for the bar in the office of his father. He wrote verses with fluency, but had little claim to be regarded as a poet. His "Hail Columbia !" is, however, one of our very few national songs, and is likely to be looked for in all collections of American poetry. In his old age Judge HOPKINSON wrote me a letter, in which the history of this song is thus given: "It was written in the summer of 1798, when war with France was thought to be inevitable. Congress was then in session in Philadelphia, deliberating upon that important subject, and acts of hostility had actually taken place. The contest between England and France was raging, and the people of the United States were divided into parties for the one side or the other, some thinking that policy and duty required us to espouse the cause of repub lican France, as she was called; while others were for connecting ourselves with England, under the belief that she was the great preservative power of good principles and safe government. The violation of our rights by both belligerents was forcing us from the just and wise policy of President WASHINGTON, which was to do equal justice to both, to take part with neither, but to preserve a strict and honest neutrality between them. The prospect of a rupture with France was exceedingly offensive to the portion of the people who espoused her cause; and the violence of the spirit of party has never risen higher, I think not so high, in our country, as it did at that time, upon that man belonging to it, whose talent was as a singer, was about to take his benefit. I had known him when he was at school. On this acquaintance, he called on me one Saturday afternoon, his benefit being announced for the following Monday. His prospects were very disheartening; but he said that if he could get a patriotic song adapted to the tune of the President's March,' he did not doubt of a full house; that the poets of the theatrical corps had been trying to accomplish it, but had not succeeded. I told him I would try what I could do for him. Ile came the next afternoon; and the song, such as it is, was ready for him. "The object of the author was to get up an American spirit, which should be independent of, and above the interests, passions, and policy of both belligerents; and look and feel exclusively for our own honour and rights. No allusion is made to France or England, or the quarrel between them; or to the question, which was most in fault in their treatment of us: of course the song found favour with both parties, for both were Americans; at least neither could disavow the sentiments and feelings it inculcated. Such is the history of this song, which has endured infinitely beyond the expectation of the author, as it is beyond any merit it can boast of, except that of being truly and exclusively patriotic in its sentiments and spirit." At the time of his death, which occurred on the fifteenth of January, 1842, the author was President of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, one of the Vice-Presidents of the American Philosophical Society, and a Judge of the District Court of the United States. HAIL COLUMBIA. HAIL, Columbia! happy land! Who fought and bled in Freedom's cause, Let independence be our boast, Immortal patriots! rise once more; That truth and justice will prevail, Sound, sound the trump of Fame! Ring through the world with loud applause Listen with a joyful ear. With equal skill and godlike power, Behold the chief who now commands, The rock on which the storm will beat, Firm-united, &c. WILLIAM CLIFFTON. [Born 1772, Died 1799.] THE father of WILLIAM CLIFFTON was a wealthy member of the society of Friends, in Philadelphia. The poet, from his childhood, had ittle physical strength, and was generally a sufferer from disease; but his mind was vigorous and carefully educated, and had he lived to a mature age, he would probably have won an enduring reputation as an author. His life was marked by few incidents. He made himself acquainted with the classical studies pursued in the universities, and with music, painting, and such field-sports as he supposed he could indulge in with most advantage to his health. He was considered an amiable and accomplished gentleman, and his society was courted alike by the fashionable and the learned. He died in December, 1799, in the twenty-seventh year of his age. The poetry of CLIFFTON has more energy of thought and diction, and is generally more correct and harmonious, than any which had been previously written in this country. Much of it is satirical, and relates to persons and events of the period in which he lived; and the sma!! volume of his writings published after his death doubtless contains some pieces which would have been excluded from an edition prepared by himself, for this reason, and because they were unfinished and not originally intended to meet the eye of the world. TO WILLIAM GIFFORD, ESQ.* In these cold shades, beneath these shifting skies, Where Fancy sickens, and where Genius dies; Where few and feeble are the muse's strains, And no fine frenzy riots in the veins, There still are found a few to whom belong The fire of virtue and the soul of song; Whose kindling ardour still can wake the strings, When learning triumphs, and when GIFFORD sings. To thee the lowliest bard his tribute pays, His little wild-flower to thy wreath conveys; Pleased, if permitted round thy name to bloom, To boast one effort rescued from the tomb. While this delirious age enchanted seems With hectic Fancy's desultory dreams; While wearing fast away is every trace Of Grecian vigour, and of Roman grace, With fond delight, we yet one bard behold, As Horace polish'd, and as Perseus bold, Reclaim the art, assert the muse divine, Ard drive obtrusive dulness from the shrine. Since that great day which saw the Tablet rise, A thinking block, and whisper to the eyes, No time has been that touch'd the muse so near, No Age when Learning had so much to fear, As now, when love-lorn ladies light verse frame, And every rebus-weaver talks of Fame. When Truth in classic majesty appear'd, And Greece, on high, the dome of science rear'd, Patience and perseverance, care and pain Alone the steep, the rough ascent could gain: None but the great the sun-clad summit found; The weak were baffled, and the strong were crown'd. Prefixed to WILLIAM COBBETT's edition of the "Bariad and Mæviad," published in Philadelphia, in 1799. The tardy transcript's nigh-wrought page confined Then, if some thoughtless BAVIUS dared appear, Still, as from famed Ilyssus' classic shore, To Mincius' banks, the muse her laurel bore, The sacred plant to hands divine was given, And deathless MARO nursed the boon of Heaven Exalted bard! to hear thy gentler voice, The valleys listen, and their swains rejoice; But when, on some wild mountain's awful form, But soon the arts once more a dawn diffuse, He laugh'd at toil, with health and vigour bless'd, No love to foster, no dear friend to wrong, Wild as the mountain flood, they drive along: And sweep, remorseless, every social bloom To the dark level of an endless tomb. By arms assail'd we still can arms oppose, And rescue learning from her brutal foes; But when those foes to friendship make pretence, And tempt the judgment with the baits of sense, Carouse with passion, laugh at Gon's control, And sack the little empire of the soul, What warning voice can save? Alas! 'tis o'er, The age of virtue will return no more; The doating world, its manly vigour flown, Wanders in mind, and dreams on folly's throne. Come then, sweet bard, again the cause defend, Be still the muses' and religion's friend; Again the banner of thy wrath display, And save the world from DARWIN's tinsel lay. A soul like thine no listless pause should know; Truth bids thee strike, and virtue guides the blow From every conquest still more dreadful come, Till dulness fly, and folly's self be dumb. MARY WILL SMILE. THE morn was fresh, and pure the gale, Where birds of love were ever pairing, The arms of ruthless war preparing. "Though now," he cried, "I seek the hostile plain MARY shall smile, and all be fair again." She seized his hand, and "Ah!" she cried, "Wilt thou, to camps and war a stranger, Desert thy MARY's faithful side, And bare thy life to every danger? Yet, go, brave youth! to arms away! My maiden hands for fight shall dress thee, And when the drum beats far away, I'll drop a silent tear, and bless thee. Return'd with honour, from the hostile plain, MARY will smile, and all be fair again. "The bugles through the forest wind, The woodland soldiers call to battle: Be some protecting angel kind, And guard thy life when cannons rattle!" She sung-and as the rose appears In sunshine, when the storm is over, A smile beam'd sweetly through her tearsThe blush of promise to her lover. Return'd in triumph from the hostile plain, All shall be fair, and MARY smile again. ROBERT TREAT PAINE. [Born, 1773. Died, 1811.] This writer was once ranked by our American tritics among the great masters of English verse; and it was believed that his reputation would endure as long as the language in which he wrote. The absurd estimate of his abilities shows the wretched condition of taste in his time, and perhaps caused some of the faults in his later works. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, junior,* was born at Taunton, Massachusetts, on the ninth of December, 1773. His father, an eminent lawyer, held many honourable offices under the state and national governments, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The family having removed to Boston, when he was about seven years old, the poet received his early education in that city, and entered Harvard University in 1788. His career here was brilliant and honourable; no member of his class was so familiar with the ancient languages, or with elegant English literature; and his biographer assures us that he was personally popular among his classmates and the officers of the university When he was graduated, he was as much distinguished for the opening virtues of his heart, as for the vivacity of his wit, the vigour of his imagination, and the variety of his knowledge. A liberality of sentiment and a contempt of selfishness are usual concomitants, and in him were striking characteristics. Urbanity of manners and a delicacy of feeling imparted a charm to his benignant temper and social disposition." While in college he had won many praises by his poetical exercises," and on the completion of his education he was anxious to devote himself to literature as a profession. His father, a man of singular austerity, had marked out for him a different career, and obtained for him a clerkship in a mercantile house in Boston. But he was in no way fitted for the pursuits of business; and after a few months he abandoned the counting-room, to rely upon his pen for the means of living. In 1794 he established the "Federal Orrery," a political and literary gazette, and conducted it two years, but without industry or discretion, and therefore without profit. Soon after leaving the university, he had become a constant visiter of the theatre, then recently established in Boston. His intimacy with persons connected with the stage ed to his marriage with an actress; and this to his exclusion from fashionable society, and a disagreement with his father, which lasted until his death. He was destitute of true courage, and of that He was originally called THOMAS PAINE; but on the death of an elder brother, in 1801. his name was changed kind of pride which arises from a consciousness of integrity and worth. When, therefore, he found himself unpopular with the town, he no longer endeavoured to deserve regard, but neglected his personal appearance, became intemperate, and abandoned himself to indolence. The office of "master of ceremonies" in the theatre, an anomalous station, created for his benefit, still yielded him a moderate income, and, notwithstanding the irregularity of his habits, he never exerted his poetical abilities without success. For his poems and other productions he obtained prices unparalleled in this country, and rarely equalled by the rewards of the most popular European authors. For the "Invention of Letters," written at the request of the President of Harvard University, he received fifteen hundred dollars, or more than five dollars a line. "The Ruling Passion," a poem recited before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, was little less profitab'e; and he was paid seven hundred and fifty do lars for a song of half a dozen stanzas, entitled "Adams and Liberty." His habits, in the sunshine, gradually improved, and his friends who adhered to him endeavoured to wean him from dissipation, and to persuade him to study the law, and establish himself in an honourable position in society. They were for a time successful; he entered the office of the Honourable THEOPHILUS PARSONS, of Newburyport; applied himself diligently to his studies; was admitted to the bar, and became a popular advocate. No lawyer ever commenced business with more brilliant prospects; but his indolence and recklessness returned; his business was neglected; his reputa tion decayed; and, broken down and disheartened by poverty, disease, and the neglect of his old associates, the evening of his life presented a melancholy contrast to its morning, when every sign gave promise of a bright career. In his last years, says his biographer, "without a library, wandering from place to place, frequently uncertain whence or whether he could procure a meal, his thirst for knowledge astonishingly increased; neither sick. ness nor penury abated his love of books and instructive conversation." He died in "an attic chamber of his father's house," on the eleventh of November, 1811, in the thirty-eighth year of his age. Dr. JOHNSON said of DRYDEN, of whom PAINE was a servile but unsuccessful imitator, that "his delight was in wild and daring sallies of sentiment, in the irregular and eccentric violence of wit;" that he "delighted to tread upon the brink of meaning, where light and darkness begin to mingle; to ap proach the precipice of absurdity, and hover over by an act of the Massachusetts legislature to that of his the abyss of unideal vacancy." The censure is father. more applicable to the copy than the original. There was no freshness in PAINE'S writings; his subjects, his characters, his thoughts, were all commonplace and familiar. His mind was fashioned by books, and not by converse with the world. He had a brilliant fancy, and a singular command of language; but he was never content to be simple and natural. He endeavoured to be magnificent and striking; he was perpetually searching for conceits and extravagances; and in the multiplicity of nis illustrations and ornaments, he was unintelligible and tawdry. From no other writer could so many instances of the false sublime be selected. He never spoke to the heart in its own language. PAINE wrote with remarkable facility. It is related of him by his biographers, that he had finished Adams and Liberty," and exhibited it to some gentlemen at the house of a friend. His host pronounced it imperfect, as the name of WASHINGTON was omitted, and declared that he should not approach the sideboard, on which bottles of wine had just been placed, until he had written an ad ditional stanza. The poet mused a moment, called for a pen, and wrote the following lines, which are, perhaps, the best in the song: Should the tempest of war overshadow our land, Its bolts could ne'er rend Freedom's temple asunder; Of its scabbard would leap. He had agreed to write the "opening address," on the rebuilding of the Boston Theatre, in 1798. HODGKINSON, the manager, called on him in the evening, before it was to be delivered, and upbraided him for his negligence; the first line of it being yet unwritten. "Pray, do not be angry," said PAINE, who was dining with some literary friends; "sit down and take a glass of wine."-" No, sir," replied the manager; when you begin to write, I will begin to drink." PAINE took his pen, at a side-table, and in two or three hours finished the address, which is one of the best he ever wrote. ADAMS AND LIBERTY. YE sons of Columbia, who bravely have fought For those rights, which unstain'd from your sires had descended, May you long taste the blessings your valour has bought, And your sons reap the soil which their fathers defended. Mid the reign of mild Peace With the glory of Rome, and the wisdom of Greece; In a clime whose rich vales feed the marts of the world, Whose shores are unshaken by Europe's commotion, The trident of commerce should never be hurl'd, To incense the legitimate powers of the ocean. But should pirates invade, Though in thunder array'd, Let your cannon declare the free charter of trade. For ne'er shall the sons, &c. The fame of our arms, of our laws the mild sway, Had justly ennobled our nation in story, "Till the dark clouds of faction obscured our young day, And envelop'd the sun of American glory. But let traitors be told, Who their country have sold, And barter'd their God for his image in gold, While France her huge limbs bathes recumbent in blood, And society's hase threats with wide dissolution, May Peace, like the dove who return'd from the flood, Find an ark of abode in our mild constitution. If bought by our sovereignty, justice, or fame. "T is the fire of the flint each American warms: Let Rome's haughty victors beware of collision Let them bring all the vassals of Europe in arms; We're a world by ourselves, and disdain a division. While, with patriot pride, To our laws we're allied, For ne'er shall the sons, &c. Our mountains are crowned with imperial oak, Whose roots, like our liberties, ages have nour ish'd; But long e'er our nation submits to the yoke, Not a tree shall be left on the field where it flourished. Should invasion impend, Every grove would descend From the hilltops they shaded our shores to defend. For ne'er shall the sons, &c. Let our patriots destroy Anarch's pestilent worm, Lest our liberty's growth should be checked by corrosion; Then let clouds thicken round us; we heed not the storm; Our realm fears no shock, but the earth's own explosion. Foes assail us in vain, Though their fleets bridge the main, For our altars and laws with our lives we'll maintain. For ne'er shall the sons, &c. Should the tempest of war overshadow our land, Its bolts could ne'er rend Freedom's temple asunder; |