1829.1 METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER. stances be found in their composition. Sulphur we know to be a very volatile substance, and iron oxidizable; we need not be surprised at the magnitude of some æroliths, if we only consider the inconceivable quantity of iron dispersed over the surface of the earth, exposed to the action of the air and water and annually oxidized. In this comminuted state, when mixed with moisture it is carried up, by evaporation, into the atmosphere.Sulphur by the action of the sun is volatilized and carried thither also. Such is the affinity between sulphur and metals, that it holds a place in all metallic ores, and may be termed one of the great mineralizers. These particles of iron and sulphur, as well as a variety of others daily rising from the earth are constantly floating in the air, and only want an agent to bring them within the limits of affinitive attraction, and that agent to all appearance is the electric fluid. These æroliths have never been known to fall without lightning and explosion-mostly in the time of a thunder storm-but the light proceeding from them, when observed with attention, appears of a different colour from that of other me. teors, it is not so bright, but rather of a dull red, resembling hot iron, and in their flight have (like hot iron) a hissing sound. If red hot iron be rolled in loamy clay (in the manner smiths practice when welding) and be rubbed with roll brimstone, the iron will melt, the sulphur, the clay and the iron when in a state of fusion will all unite and form a compound not very unlike an ærolith; these fire balls, as they are called by some, during their flight are still descending and cooling, and by the time they reach the earth, are found to be hard, compact, solid bodies; some have been found not entirely cold. Agreeable to the established laws of attraction, these stones could not come from any star or planet, for instead of being drawn to the earth, they would have been drawn to the Sun by his more powerful attraction. It is no proof of a star being extinct, when invisible to us, nor is it any proof that the lately discovered planets are part of a new creation (as is supposed) from the fragments or remains of those which were once in existence, and of which æroliths were particles. The reasoning of Astronomers themselves refute such ideas. tell us, that, when a comet is visible to us, and approaching the earth it turns round the sun as one of the foci of an ellipsis, now if it flies through every part of its orbit, for centuries with the rapidity assigned to it, where is the other focus? Does it belong to our solar system?if it does, then only a small portion of the starry world is known to us, and those called new stars, may have been travelling on since the creation, while on the other hand, those supposed extinct, have gone off into boundless space,to assist, perhaps in illuminating other worlds, as stars brought newly into existence. [Remarks to be continued.] They LEBANON, October 11, 1829. "The Union Canal continues to be in fine order, and passing full loaded boats, notwithstanding the reports you mention. The difficulties which existed for a few days arose from causes incident to all works of this nature, and which no prudence or foresight could have prevented. The lowness of the water, and obstructions in the Susquehanna, have prevented any boating upon that stream for several months, and hence we have experienced a deficiency of loading for boats passing to the east. The completing of the locks from the Union Canal into the river at Middletown, which is now nearly accomplished, and the finishing of the Pennsylvania Canal upon some of its most important lines, will hereafter, furnish the means of trade to the heart's content of the warmest friends of the Canal. Among the incidents which show the interests that are unexpectedly benefitted by the canal, I may mention that the boat Samuel Mifflin loaded yesterday with merchandize, for Bainbridge, Lancaster County, a town about ten miles below Middletown, on the bank of the Susquehanna." 251 -KEPT AT CHILISQUAQUE, BY J. P. SANDERSON. Thermometer Atmosp. Variations. 9 | 12 | 3 9 12 3 A.M. Clear Cloudy Cloudy Clear P. M. 10 29 5 29 5 29 5 52 68 61 Clear Clear 252 EDUCATION IN PENNSYLVANIA. At a semi-annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Society for the promotion of Public Schools, held at the Franklin Institute on Monday evening, Oct. 5, 1829, Roberts Vaux, Esq. President, took the chair, and A. H. Richards was Secretary. The following Report from the Council was read and accepted. To the Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of The happiness and safety of our social compact, depend upon the effectual inculcation of these christian lessons, and as all are interested in these primary results of this primary teaching, it is hoped that few, if any, will be indisposed to assist in tho accomplishment of such universal good. ROBERTS Vaux, G. W. SMITH, Philadelphia October 3d, 1829. Whereupon on motion it was Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be presented to this coun cil for the zeal which it has manifested in promoting the objects of the Society. The Council respectfully reports: that since the last semi-annual communication it has been regardful of the trust devolved upon it by extending the correspondence-by acquiring, and communicating information, and as far as laid in its power, it has otherwise embraced every proper occasion to recommend the important objects of the Society to the notice of the people of this commonwealth. Many teachers of good moral characters and respectable abilities, have been instructed under its auspices in the knowledge of the monitorial system, and several of these, well qualified to discharge their duty, are employed in remote parts of the State, where education had been too much neg-sented to such towns, and citizens, as are in corlected. The efficiency, and economy of the Lan- respondence with the council, for their efficient casterian method of tuition have gained the confi- co-operation with that body in the cause of educadence, and approbation of the inhabitants of the tion. towns, where it has been introduced, and there is every reason to believe, that the schools already established will prove nurseries of other teachers, and thus the opportunities for bestowing education with its attendant blessings, will be greatly multiplied in those parts. Resolved, that the thanks of the Society be pre Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to our fellow-citizens throughout this commonwealth, to form societies for the establishment of a general system of education in Pennsylvania, and that such societies when formed be invited to open a correspondence with the council of this Society. The Society then proceeded to an election of ofAlthough the intention of this Society was originally confined to furnishing instructors on the mon-ficers for the current year, when the following itorial plan, the Council has had applications from named gentlemen were chosen: several places, to supply individuals qualified to teach in the higher branches; and as it is anxious to render any service for the promotion of useful knowledge, it will cheerfully comply with future requests of this character. Teachers of the description mentioned, who may be disposed to establish themselves in Pennsylvania, are invited to submit their testimonials to any member of the Council. The Council, in the course of its deliberations, has been induced to believe, that much improvement might be made in school books, and that, if they could be afforded at more reasonable prices, the work of education would be thereby promoted. A committee has accordingly been appointed, to collect information on the subject of elementary treatises in the several departments of instruction, with a view to the adoption or preparation of suitable text books. Notwithstanding the encouragement that has accompanied its labours, the council deeply laments that the want of the means of education and the consequent depressed condition of the youth in many districts of our otherwise favoured state, should be so glaring, and yet so little heeded. To excite and diffuse a spirit which shall conquer the difficulties that now interpose to prevent the spread of useful learning, is surely the dictate of patriotism and philanthropy; and the Council would earnestly invite the friends of elementary instruction to unite themselves to the Society which it represents; because an augmentation of numbers, with an increase of funds, would essentially facilitate the desirable and permanent results which it seeks. Discerning men cannot fail to perceive, in the circumstances of the period, new and powerful President,-Robers Vaux, George M. Stroud, Vice Presidents,-John Sergeant, John Wurts. Gerard Ralston, George W. Smith, William B. Davidson. On motion Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published, and the editors of newspapers throughout the state be requested to insert them in their gazettes. OPENING OF THE CANAL AT NORTHUMBER LAND. It is with much pleasure we are enabled to announce to our readers, from undoubted authority, that the wa ter is now flowing down the Susquehannah division of the Pennsylvania Canal. The water was first introduced two weeks since, and is now three feet high at Selins-groye, and last Saturday had passed down the canal as far as Liverpool, and is gradually passing on; the whole line being in complete order to receive the wa ter.. No break or defect of any kind has been found, though the water now occupies 27 miles of the canal, a circumstance highly honorable to the talents and attention of Mr. Guilford, the engineer, and to the Contractors, who executed the work. Boats are frequently passing with parties of pleasure from Selins-grove to Sunbury and Northumberland. Aurora. 1829.] PROCEEDINGS OF COUNCILS. 253 REED BIRD, RICE BIRD, or ORTOLAN. found. The best shot I know of is a twenty-five cent (From the American Turf Register and Sporting Maga- piece, which will purchase a dozen of them from those people who make it a business to kill them for the marYours respectfully, zine, No. 2.) PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 7, 1829. MR. EDITOR:-These delicious visitors are now con. gregating in great numbers on the marshes of the Delaware and Schuylkill, and in a few days they will have arrived at that point of pinguidity, which gives them their deserved reputation among the delicacies of the table. They arrive in Pennsylvania in the month of April, and after a short sojourn in the grass field, steer their way to the north, where they breed. ket. C. N. B. These birds are remarkably fond of millet, and some of our farmers along the Delaware sow a small strip of that grain near to the water, for the purpose of shooting them conveniently. [The interesting bird above alluded to,is the rice bunting (emberiza orizivora) of Wilson, and is represented in the second volume of his splendid work, plate xii, figure one and two. It is the ortolan de ris, of Buffon rice-bird of Catesby; boblink, of the eastern and northern states, and the rice and reed-bird, of Pennsylvania and the southern'states. In Jamaica, it is known by the name of Butter-bird. The following is its description as given by Wilson. "The rice bunting is seven inches and a half long and eleven and a half in extent;his spring dress is as follows: upper part of the head, wings, tail and sides of the neck, and the lower parts black;the feathers frequently skirted with brownish yellow as he passes into the colours of the female; back of the head cream color, back black sconced with brownish yellow, scapulars pure white, rump and tail consists of the same;lower part of the back bluish white; tail formed like those of the woodpecker genus, and often used in the same manner, being thrown in to support it while ascending the stalks of reed; this habit of throwing in the tail it retains even in the cage; legs burnished flesh colour, hind heel very long, bill a bluish horn colour, eye hazel. In the month of June this plumage gradually changes to a brownish yellow like that of the female, which has the back streaked with brownish black,the lower parts dull yellow;bill reddish flesh colour; legs and eyes as in the male. The young birds retain the dress of the female until the early part of the succeeding spring; the plumage of the female undergoes no material change in the colour." PROCEEDINGS OF COUNCILS. Thursday, Oct. 8th, 1829. On their arrival at this season they are sometimes quite fat, but on their return, which is the beginning of August, they are remarkably lean and indifferent. They remain in the stubble fields in small flocks, feeding up on the seeds of arsemart and ragweed, until the reed begins to ripen, and then it is they acquire that plumpness for which they are so remarkable. When they come on from the south, the male wears his winter plumage, which is black, with a white spot on the head, a stripe of white on the back of the neck and back; the female retains the autumnal colour. At this season, the amateur of nature's melodies, can be as much gratified with their delightful notes, as the gourmand will be with their flesh in the Autumn. Their notes are few, but the intonation is more distinct than that of any other bird; it resembles the tones produced by a musical box more than any other thing to which I can compare it. But, after all, the music produced by the knives, forks and plates at a table, honored by the presence of these little gentlemen, is incomparably superior to any other we have ever heard; nay the very sight of them, strung up in dozens on the stalls of the Jersey market, early in a September morning, is delightful. To see their little yellow rumps (ready picked for inspection) protruding between their wings, like lumps of amber, is indeed a great temptation; but when we come to the eating of them, then it is that we need not much wonder at the extravagance of the poet (I forget his name,) who paid a guinea which had been given him in charity, for one Mr. Johnson presented a petition from sundry citizens, of them. In short, no man can say he has tasted of the stating that the regulation in the neighborhood of Pine best things which a kind Providence has bestowed up and Thirteenth streets, subjects them to considerable on us, until he has caten a dozen or two of these little inconvenience, and praying that the subject may be rebirds nicely dressed. I am sure that if they had abound-ferred to the City Regulator and Paving Committee.— ed in Greece, some of their poets would have told us that they were a standing dish at Jupiter's table. I was about to say something about cooking them; but I do not know how a cook can go very wrong, unless she would do as the Irish woman with the watermelon-boil them. However, that part of the subject I would refer to Mrs. Rubicam or Mrs. Inslee, not doubting but that they would give quite a scientific account of it (as Dr. Kitchener says.) But where am I going to? I intended to give you some account of the history of the bird, but in fact have got to eating him, which I have no doubt you can do as well as myself. Well, then, to my first intention. They leave Pennsylvania and New Jersey at the latter end of September and the beginning of October, if the weather becomes cold and stormy: but when it is mild, they remain for a considerable time in the latter month. They take their departure, like most other birds, towards the night of a clear day. Almost all the birds which frequent the marsh having congregated in to an immense flock a little after sunset, a few at first start up in the air, and in a few moments the whole flock will follow them by degrees, in a kind of spiral column, until they have all left the place. This bird is one of the few that afford any profit to the shooter, inasmuch as they are shot for the pot and for the pot alone. No gentleman sportsman would think of wading through mud up to his knees; and mostly a bove them, sneaking and creeping for two or three hours to get a shot at a flock of them; and after they are killed, it requires an experienced eye to find them, their coler so much resembles the reed in which they are Granted. A communication was received from the City Solicitor, stating that the securities of John Trout, a collector of the City Taxes, had paid into the City Treasury, the whole sum in which he was deficient, except a balance of 800 dollars, which also they had made arrangement for paying immediately. On motion of Mr. Baker, a resolution was adopted releasing the securities from the payment of interest on a part of the debt for a short time. On motion of the same gentleman, another resolution was adopted authorising the City Solicitor to mark the judgments obtained by him in the suit of the Corporation against John Trout, to the use of his securities. Mr. Johnson presented a petition from three laboring men, who had been employed by Joseph Purdon,a contractor in digging down one of the western streets, and who had lost their wages, through his failure. Laid on the table. A resolution was adopted, allowing the representative of the late Christian Young, the lessee of the City's property, west of Schuylkill, the sum of four hundred dollars on settlement of rent, on account of injury done to the lessee by running certain roads through the property. A resolution was passed allowing each of the city Con. stables the sum of six dollars, on account of expenses incurred in conducting the ward elections. The committee on the State House, made a report from which it appears that the whole expense of rebuilding the steeple, repairing the building, and purchasing the clock and bell, has been 16,608 dollars. The cost of the bell was 2,157 dollars; of the clock, 2,C75 dollars, exclusive of fixtures. The old bell was sold for 400 dollars: the clock has been sold to the Rev. Michael Hurley, of St. Augustine's Church, for 250 dollars. The joint committee on markets reported that they deemed it advisable to have moveable stalls erected under the arches adjoining the Court House at the corner of Second and Market streets. A bill was passed accordingly. The City Commissioners presented a statement of their expenditures, for the quarter ending 4th of October.The total is $95,863,63. The City Treasurer presented a statement of his accounts for the last quarter. There not being time for the committee on accounts to examine it previous to the election, it was laid on the table, and recommended to the early attention of the next Councils. The Paving Committee, made a report, concluding with a resolution directing the City Commissioners to pave Vine street from Broad to Schuylkill Eighth, Schuylkill Eighth from Chesnut to Broad, and George from Schuylkill Eighth to Seventh,so soon as the streets already ordered to be paved in their respective districts shall be finished. Adopted. Mr. Walmsley, from the Committee appointed to provide for the removal of the sunken sloop from the Delaware, reported, That the committee had attended to the duty assigned them, and after addressing a communication to the Board of Wardens,and having had several consultations, with the President and other experienced ship masters and Merchants, are of opinion that no injurious effects will result from the remains of the sloop being suffered to rest in their present situation, the depth of the water from low water mark being 44 feet, and the tide passing freely in the channel. The Committee was discharged. canal it is well known was Thomas Leiper, (now deceased) who, owing to unforeseen circumstances in the year 1790, was unable to carry his plan into operation. The project has, however, been successfully carried into effect by his eldest son, George Gray Leiper, to whom the citizens of Delaware County are indebted for one of the greatest works of individual enterprise to be found in the United States. At 1 o'clock, the ladies were escorted to the Canal Boat William Strickland,a beautiful boat about fifty-five feet in length, and named after that distinguished Engin eer. In the stern of the boat was stationed a band of music which played during the passage up to the quar ries, a distance of nearly two miles, some of the most fashionable and patriotic airs. Attached to the boat were two handsome full blooded Wind-Flower Colts neatly decorated with covers trimmed with ribands. At half past one o'clock the signal was given, and the procession moved on;-carriages, gigs, and gentlemen on horseback accompanied the boat as she smoothly glided through the unruffled stream to her place of destination, The sight as may be well imagined was truly grand and imposing. When the William Strickland entered the first lock (the Elizabeth Leiper lock) named after the wife of the venerable projector, three cheers were given -in a few minutes after she entered the Thomas Leiper lock, which for beauty of stone and superior workmanship is unrivalled in the United States. Such is the opinion of Messrs. Strickland and Strothers, of Philadelphia and Major Bender. On the Thomas Leiper Lock, the Delaware county volunteer battalions under the command of Lieut. Colonel Henry Myers, were posted, and as soon as the boat passed through it, a national salute was fired by the Pennsylvania Artillerists accompanied with musketry. The boat was precisely one half hour from the time she left the great Southern Road until she arrived at the mansion of the Hon. George G. Leiper. The ladies were then landed, and the boat proceeded on her passage up to the quarries without any accident having occurred to The troops then paraded in front of the mansion of Mr. Leiper, and were addressed by him in a very handsome and appropriate manner. On this as on all other occasions, the hospitable dwelling of Mr. Leiper was thrown open, where those who felt disposed to refresh themselves were kindly invited. The Committee on Rittenhouse Square, report, that after carefully viewing the same, they would respect-impede her progress. fully recommend, that the City Surveyor be directed to ascertain the level of it, and lay out the streets which are to be its permanent eastern and western boundaries, after which, the City Commissioners be directed to fill up the excavation in the North Western end, and that rows of trees be planted on its four sides. The Committee are not able to recommend any spot owned by or that could be procured by the Corporation, as a more eligible place for the deposit of street dirt, The subject wss recommended to the early attention of the next Councils. On motion of Mr. Thompson of the Select Council it There were at least one thousand persons present at the celebration, and had the weather been more favorable, we believe there would have been a much greater number. We are happy to say amidst all the bustle incident to such a parade no serious accident happened to mar the pleasures of the day.—Upland Union. EARLY HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY, It is in the present year exactly a century since the first authorised settlements were made in this part of Pennsylvania. Previous to the year 1729, Chester county extended westwardly to the Susqehanna river, or so far as settlements had been authorized or lands surveyed and sold; the territory west of the Susquehanna was, however, considered as included in its limits.-In the year 1722, on the 18th of June, Sir William Keith, then deputy governor, by a warrant dated at Conestoga, directed three persons to cross the Susquehanna river, and survey and locate about 70,000 acres of land, in the name and for the use of Springet Penn, Esq. to be cal led 'Springetsbury Manor,' beginning on the south west bank of the Susquehanna, over against the mouth of the Conestoga creek. The survey & location were accordingly made, though certainly in a hasty & informal manner; nor were the boundaries the same as those of the present Manor, which were fixed by a subsequent survey and location. This tract remained totally unimproved at the time. During several years previous to 1728, a number of persons resided on tracts of land lying on the west side of the Susquehanna, "so high up as to be four miles more north than the city of Philadelphia." These persons may be termed squatters; as they had no title to the lands whereon they resided, nor did they inhabit there with the approbation of the natives; and, in the latter end of the year 1728, they were removed by order of the deputy governor and council, at the request of the Indians, and in conformity with then existing treaties. In 1729, May 10th, the 'upper parts' of Chester county were by act of Assembly erected into a distant county, called Lancaster, and the limits of the new county embraced the territory west of the Susquehanna. In the spring of that year, John and James Hendricks, under authority from the government, settled on the west side of the Susquehanna, about three miles north of the place from which the persons before spoken of had been removed. "And about the same time several other persons settled back from that river, south westerly from John and James Hendricks, on and about a branch of the river called Codorus creek, to the distance of ten or twelve miles." These were the first authorised settlements in what is now York county. 255 leading on their bloody brethern of the forest, and their not less bloody allies from the abodes of civilization, to massacre. Of the bloody battle between the Butlers we thought, and our eye rested on the spot where stood the fort, which contained the best blood of the valley, and was sacked. Those scenes have passed, and in the place of war, there is peace, and the peaceful arts.The object most worthy of curiosity here is the extensive coal formation, of which the Lehigh coal mines, before mentioned, are a part. This valley literally lies on a bed of coal; for, dig any where-in the mountain, on the flats, or in the bed of the river, and coal is soon found.-There are two principle mines worked, one in Wilkesbarre, and the other in Plymouth. A description of the former will suffice for both. The mine lies near the base of the mountain. First is a depth of soil, covered with a growth of wood; next, horizontal strata of slate, of ten feet thickness, and filled with vegetable impressions. We readily distinguished among these, the leaves of the fern and flag: besides these, were a great variety of species, of which none can give an account, only that they do not belong to the present vegetable world. All these leaves, in their position, observed the same order,—lying horizontally, and perfectly spread out, as if they had been carefully Sometime in the year 1731, Thomas Cressap, came laid down, and successive laminæ of slate placed upon from Maryland, and forcibly seized and settled on the them. Underneath the slate is the coal, in a horizontal lands from which the before mentioned squatters had bed, twenty seven feet in thickness, with a layer of been removed. With him originated the violent meas- slate,half an inch in thickness occuring in twelve or eigh ures, sometimes issuing in murderous affrays, which atteen inches. So compact is the coal, that drilling and tended the disputes between the proprietaries of Penn-blasting must be employed to throw it out. sylvania and Maryland, respecting the proper boundary of the two provinces. On the 24th of November 1736, this restless & quarrelsome individual was apprehended by the Sheriff of Lancaster county, and committed to prison on the warrant of the two provincial judges. Thereupon the President of the province called the Council and Assembly, who detailed the facts connected with the outrages committed, and referred the matters, in a memorial to the King; which led ultimately to an amicable adjustment of the disputes concerning the boundary. At that period, it is believed, there were between three and four hundred inhabitants within the present limits of this county. York county was separated from Lancaster in 1749. NOTES OF A TRAVELLER. Extract from "Notes of a Journey in Pennsylvania, in the early part of June." Leaving Nazareth, and proceeding northwest, the Blue Mountains-otherwise the Kittatiny-rose in view, displaying its two remarkable notches, Water Gap, through which the Delaware forces its way between precipices 1200 feet high, and the Wind Gap, which affords a passage only to the wind and the stage. Here we passed the line which separates the secondary and fertile region through which we had ridden from the transition country, which immediately discovers its sterility. Our road lay across an elevated table land of 25 miles in breadth, and of indefinite length. The land is so sterile that for the most part, no one thinks of cultivating it, or even laying claim to it. By the time we had accomplished this journey, we were well prepared to relish the brilliant prospect of the Wyoming valley, which now opened upon us at once, from an eminence of 3000 feet.-Here the eye beholds, in one view, an enclosed valley of 15 miles in length and from 7 to 10 in breadth, of the richest alluvial soil, fitted for the production of every fruit appropriate to the At this season, the variety of the cultivation was apparent, and beautifully diversified the landscape. The Susquehanna, moving gracefully along its windings through the extent, of the valley, added to the richness of the landscape; while the villages of Wilkesbarre, Kingston, Plymouth, and some others completed the latitude. view. As we gazed, we thought of Brandt and Johnson, The ap pearance of the mine presents a novel sight. The excavation is so managed, that large pillars of the coal, six feet in diameter, are left standing, at suitable distances, to support the super-incumbent roof of slate and forest trees, so that a stranger to the object of the excavation, looking at the capacious black roof with its rows of black pillars, might mistake it for the vestibule of some giant's castle. The odour of sulphur, by which the whole coal is impregnated, is very powerful in the mine. How was the coal produced? and whence the world of strange vegetables in the slate? We may guess, that the hard anthracite mass was of vegetable origin, at a period, nobody knows when; and that the leaves at an equally remote period, were confusedly mingled together with the slate, when in liquid solution, and that the laws of chrystalization reduced them to their present orderly rank-and-file position, where, by sympathy, they transferred their nature from the vegetable to the mineral kingdom,—but after all we must confess, "marvellous are the works of God-in the air, in the mighty deep, and in the bowels of the earth; how small a portion of his ways are seen!"-Amer. D. Adv. NEW BAPTIST CHURCH. The new Baptist church, to be built on Spruce st. between Fourth and Fifth, is rising rapidly on its foundation. The lot is 74 feet front on Spruce street, by 102 feet deep, and cost $14,000. This sum included the price of several buildings by which it was occupied, one of them being a new three-story brick house, with backbuildings. The other tenements consisted of sheds and stables of little value, and, together with the ground they occupied, were the property of different owners. The movements of the workmen have been uncommonly rapid, and we presume, if the same degree of activity is observed for a month or two, the church will be opened for Divine service by the first of January. It was intended by the trustees to possess themselves of the whole lot to the corner of Green's court, by the purchase of a house, the property of the widow of the late Thomas Goodwin, for which they offered, the lot included, $3,800. The necessary papers were drawn up, preparatory to a sale, when, on proceeding to execute them, a flaw was discovered in the title-there being a ground-rent on the property which no one has called |