Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 104
... subgroup ( see Latin focus example : Fig . 8.15a ) . This will falsely inflate the branch lengths below the subgroups and deflate branch lengths within each group . Since we estimate rates of evolution on the basis of within - group ...
... subgroup ( see Latin focus example : Fig . 8.15a ) . This will falsely inflate the branch lengths below the subgroups and deflate branch lengths within each group . Since we estimate rates of evolution on the basis of within - group ...
Seite 105
... subgroups.2 These were presumably selected because they were thought to reflect the sort of advergence pattern that would bias our results . Of these , at least 6 are unlikely to favour inferred language change at the base of a subgroup ...
... subgroups.2 These were presumably selected because they were thought to reflect the sort of advergence pattern that would bias our results . Of these , at least 6 are unlikely to favour inferred language change at the base of a subgroup ...
Seite 143
... subgroups ' as sub- groups in a classical sense . Rather , the loss or ' pruning ' of intermediate dialects , together with convergence in situ among the dialects that were to become Greek , Italic , Celtic , and so on , have in tandem ...
... subgroups ' as sub- groups in a classical sense . Rather , the loss or ' pruning ' of intermediate dialects , together with convergence in situ among the dialects that were to become Greek , Italic , Celtic , and so on , have in tandem ...
Inhalt
CLARE J HOLDEN RUSSELL D GRAY | 19 |
Bantu Classification Bantu Trees and Phylogenetic Methods | 43 |
Chapter 6 | 67 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroup Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone