Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 22
... cent of trees in the sample ) several nodes towards the root of the tree received much lower levels of support . An alternative summary of this tree sample , constructed using a consensus network ( Holland & Moulton 2003 ) , is shown in ...
... cent of trees in the sample ) several nodes towards the root of the tree received much lower levels of support . An alternative summary of this tree sample , constructed using a consensus network ( Holland & Moulton 2003 ) , is shown in ...
Seite 39
... cent of the pairings of intrafamily languages ( an Indo - European language vs an Indo - Eu- ropean language , or a Uralic one vs a Uralic one ) were related to each other . The most difficult Indo - European case was Albanian . While a ...
... cent of the pairings of intrafamily languages ( an Indo - European language vs an Indo - Eu- ropean language , or a Uralic one vs a Uralic one ) were related to each other . The most difficult Indo - European case was Albanian . While a ...
Seite 156
... cent borrowing . of language change , based for example on word - list data , is more akin to morphological or ... cent borrowing level , with the branch containing an affected language noticeably shifting away from its sister group and ...
... cent borrowing . of language change , based for example on word - list data , is more akin to morphological or ... cent borrowing level , with the branch containing an affected language noticeably shifting away from its sister group and ...
Inhalt
CLARE J HOLDEN RUSSELL D GRAY | 19 |
Bantu Classification Bantu Trees and Phylogenetic Methods | 43 |
Chapter 6 | 67 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroup Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone