Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 99
... Greek MD Greek Mod Greek ML Greek D Greek K Armenian Mod Armenian List Present Albanian Greek Armenian Tocharian Hittite Figure 8.8 . Majority - rule consensus tree from the initial Bayesian MCMC sample of 1000 trees ( Gray & Atkinson ...
... Greek MD Greek Mod Greek ML Greek D Greek K Armenian Mod Armenian List Present Albanian Greek Armenian Tocharian Hittite Figure 8.8 . Majority - rule consensus tree from the initial Bayesian MCMC sample of 1000 trees ( Gray & Atkinson ...
Seite 141
... Greek changes conspired to demarcate word ends : the accentual Dreimorengesetz , the loss of final stops , and the merger of the nasals . I would extend this ap- proach , and suggest that it is an organizing feature of a number of Greek ...
... Greek changes conspired to demarcate word ends : the accentual Dreimorengesetz , the loss of final stops , and the merger of the nasals . I would extend this ap- proach , and suggest that it is an organizing feature of a number of Greek ...
Seite 143
Peter Forster, Colin Renfrew. 1999 ) I suggested that Greek may be typical of IE sub- groups , and that the reason we see the pattern clearly in Greek is that we have Mycenaean.3 For no other IE branch do we have comparable data - an ...
Peter Forster, Colin Renfrew. 1999 ) I suggested that Greek may be typical of IE sub- groups , and that the reason we see the pattern clearly in Greek is that we have Mycenaean.3 For no other IE branch do we have comparable data - an ...
Inhalt
CLARE J HOLDEN RUSSELL D GRAY | 19 |
Bantu Classification Bantu Trees and Phylogenetic Methods | 43 |
Chapter 6 | 67 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroup Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone