Memorable Dates. Note.-Consult also the various other collections of dates, such as Battles of the Revolution, Great Battles of the Civil War, Marine Disasters, Chief Political Assassinations. Tables of Rulers. Authors, etc. 1066 Battle of Hastings; Norman B. C. 2900-2700 (Breasted) IV. Dynasty in Egypt; pyra mids of Giza built. 2267-13 (about) Reign of Hammurabi, founded old Babylonian Empire. 2000-1580 (about) Reign of Shepherd Kings in Egypt. 1700 (about) Israelites descend into Egypt. 1580-1250 Egypt in height of splendor. 1453 First Olympic games. 1350 (2) Death of King Tutankhamen of Egypt. 1300 (about) Exodus of the Israelites. 1193-83 (?) Trojan war; fall of Troy. 1100-850 Tyre at height of its greatness. 1047-17 David King in Jerusalem. 1017-978 Solomon King; building of Temple in Jerusalem. 850 Carthage founded. 776 Olympic Era began. 753 Rome founded. 721 Downfall of Samaria; captivity of the ten tribes. 701 Slege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib. 667 Byzantium founded. 608 Fall of Nineveh; conquest of Assyria. 587 Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. 585-72 Slege and capture of Tyre. 562-52 (?) Buddha born. 551 Confucius born. 538 Fall of Babylon; conquered by Cyrus. 537 Restoration of the Jews under Cyrus. 525 Egypt conquered by Cambyses; end of independence. 510 Expulsion of Tarquin from Rome. 490 Greeks defeat Persians at Marathon. 480 Xerxes defeated Greeks at Thermopylae. 431-04 Peloponnesian War. 401 Cyrus killed by Artaxerxes at Cunaxa. 399 Execution of Socrates. 390 Rome taken by the Gauls. 356 Temple of Diana at Ephesus burned. 336-23 Reign and conquests of Alexander the Great. 334 Alexandrian Library founded; burned 47 B. C. and 640 A. D. 264-41 First Punic War. 218 Hannibal crossed Alps; beginning second Punic War. 201 Scipio dictated.peace to Carthage. 149 Third Punic War began. 146 Carthage destroyed by Romans. 60 First triumvirate in Rome; Pompey, Caesar and Crassus. 58-51 Caesar conquered Gaul and Britain. 44 Assassination of Julius Caesar. 31 Battle of Actium; defeat of Antony. 27 Octavian as Augustus became first Roman Emperor. 4 Birth of Jesus Christ. A. D. 29 The Crucifixion. 64 Burning of Rome; first persecution of Christians. 70 Jerusalem destroyed by Titus. 79 Pompeii and Herculaneum destroyed by eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. 116 Roman Empire at its greatest extent. 313 Constantine converted to Christianity. 323 Council Nicaea; Nicene creed formulated. 330 Roman capital moved to Byzantium, henceforth known as Constantinople. 410 Sacking of Rome by Alaric; Britain abandoned. 451 Huns under Attila defeated at Chalons. 476 End of Western Roman Empire. 481 Kingdom of Franks founded by Clovis, 553 Justinian reconquers Italy from Vandals. 570 Mohammed born. 622 Mohammed's flight from Mecca (the Hejira). 624-32 Saracen conquest of Arabia. 632-51 Saracen conquest of Persia. 634-37 Saracen conquest of Syria. 640-46 Saracen conquest of Egypt. 640 Alexandrian library burned. 709 Saracen conquest of Africa completed. 711 Saracens cross into Spain. 732 Saracens defeated at Tours by Charles Martel. 756 Moorish kingdom in Spain founded. 786-809 Haroun-al-Rashed; Eastern Caliphate at height of power. 787 Danes land in England; Danes conquer Norway. 800 Charlemagne (768-814) crowned at Rome. 1000 Leif Ericson, the Norseman, discovered 1001 First Mohammedan invasion of India. America. 1096-99 The first of the Crusades (Godfrey of Bouillon, leader); capture of Jerusalem. 1147-49 The second Crusade (Conrad III.; Louis VII., leaders). 1172 Ireland conquered by Henry II. 1187 Saladin recaptured Jerusalem. 1189-92 The third Crusade (Frederick Barbarossa. Philip II., Richard Coeur de Lion, leaders Acre captured. 1202-4 The fourth Crusade (Count Baldwin of Flanders). 1206 Jenghis Khan, founder of Mogul Empire, begins his rule; conquers China, 1215; Central Asia, 1221. 1215 King John of England granted Magna Charta June 15. 1228-29 The fifth Crusade (Frederick II.). 1233 The Inquisition established in Spain by Pope Gregory IX.; revived there in 1480; sup pressed by Napoleon in Spain in 1808; re stored in 1814; finally abolished in 1820. 1248-54 The sixth Crusade, under Louis IX. (8 Louis). 1258 Assembly of Knights and Burgesses of England (the "Mad Parliament"). 1259-92 Reign of Mongol Emperor. Kublai Khan. 1265 First representative Parliament in England. 1271-95 Marco Polo's travels in Far East. 1291 Origin of Swiss Confederation. 1295 First regular English Parliament; it became a legislative power in 1308. 1338 Beginning of One Hundred Years' War. 1348 Outbreak of the "Black Death" plague h 1513 Ponce de Leon landed in Florida, April 8. Balboa discovered Pacific Ocean, Sept. 25. 1517 The Reformation began in Germany: perse cution of Protestants commenced in France 1519-21 Conquest of Mexico by Cortes. 1531-35 Pizarro conquered Peru. 1534 Cartier ascended St. Lawrence River. Act of Supremacy makes the King head of the Church of England. 1535 First English Bible printed by Miles Coverdale 1536-9 Monasteries closed in England. 1545 Council of Trent convened. 1565 Revolt of the Netherlands began. St. Augustine, Fla., settled. 1572 St. Bartholomew massacre, France, Aug. 24. 1587 Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, Feb. S Virginia Dare, first child of English parents in America, born at Roanoke Island, Va.. Aug. 18. 1588 Spanish Armada defeated, July 21-29. 1598 Edict of Nantes, giving toleration to Huguenots, signed April 13. 1603 Thrones of England and Scotland joined under James I. 1607 Jamestown, Va., settled, May 13. 1609 Henry Hudson, in "Half Moon," went up Hudson River, Sept. 11: discovered Manhattan Island, Sept. 4. 1615 Champlain entered Lake Ontario. 1618 Thirty Years' War in Germany began. 1661 First ferry between N. Y. City and Jersey City opened, Dec. 22. 1664 New Amsterdam surrendered by Dutch to English, Sept. 8; became New York. 1683 William Penn made treaty with Indians, June 23. 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. 1693 Beginning of England's national debt. Earthquake in Sicily, 60.000 killed, Sept. 694 Founding of the Bank of England. 702 First Yale College commencement, Sept 13. 703 Earthquake in Japan, 200,000 killed, Feb. 2. Founding of St. Petersburg, Russia. 704 Gibraltar taken by the English, July 24, Battle of Blenheim, Aug. 13. 707 Union of England and Scotland. 713 Peace of Utrecht, April 11. 714 Accession of House of Hanover, Aug. 1. 715 First Jacobite rebellion in Great Britain; the second in 1745. 717 Snow fell 10 to 20 ft. deep in New England, Feb. 20-24. 720 South Sea Bubble burst; financial panic. 745 Battle of Fontenoy, April 30; siege and capture of Louisburg by New England Colonial troops, June 17. 754-63 French and Indian War in America. 755 Earthquake in Portugal, 50,000 killed at Lisbon, Nov. 1. 756 Black Hole suffocation in Calcutta. 759 Wolfe captured Quebec, Sept. 13. 765 Stamp Act enacted by Parliament, March 22. -N. Y., R. I., Del., Mass., Conn., N. J., Pa.. Md. and S. C. hold Stamp Act Congress at N. Y. City and issue a Declaration of Rights, Oct. 7. 770 Boston Massacre, March 5. 772 First Partition of Poland; second, 1793; third, 1795. 773 Tea destroyed in Boston Harbor, Dec. 16. 774 First Continental Congress, Sept. 5-Oct. 26, Philadelphia. 775 First American Anti-Slavery Society founded by Quakers, April 14, Phila. Battle of Lexington, April 19. First British flag hauled down at sea in the Second Continental Congress agrees on Articles North Carolina, Declaration of Washington appointed by Congress head of 776 Tom Paine published "Common Sense." 777 Washington wins Battle of Princeton, Jan. 3. Stars and Stripes flag adopted by Fourth Continental Congress, June 14. Battle of Bennington, Vt., Aug. 15. Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga, Oct. 17. Articles of Confederation adopted by Congress, Nov. 15. 778 Wyoming Valley, Pa., massacre, by Indians and Tories, July 4. -N. H., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., Va. and S. C. sign the Articles of Confederation. July 9; N. C., July 21; Ga., July 24; N. J., Νον. 26. ། ། French fleet arrived in Narragansett Bay Franklin negotiated U. S. treaty with France, recognizing American independence, Feb. 6. 779 Delaware signs Articles of Confederation, Feb. 12-May 5. Capt. Cook killed in Hawaii, Feb. 14. Capture of Serapis by Paul Jones, Sept. 23. 779-80 Long Island Sound frozen over. 780 Bank of Philadelphia chartered (first in U. S.), March 1. Major Andre captured, Sept. 23; banged. Oct. 2. 781 Congress announces complete ratification of Articles of Confederation, March 1. Cornwall's surrenders at Yorktown, Oct. 19. 782 Preliminary peace articles between U. S. and Great Britain signed at Paris, Nov. 30: definitive treaty signed Sept. 3, 1783. 783 Congress demobilizes American Army, Oct. 18-Nov. 3; British evacuated New York, Nov. 25: Washington delivers his farewell address at Fraunces's Tavern, N. Y., Dec. 4; resigns his army commission, Dec. 23, and retires to Mt. Vernon, Va. Earthquake in Calabria, Italy, 60,000 killed, First U. S. Government post office opened at 84 Congress ratifies peace treaty with Great Britain, Jan. 14. First daily paper in America, Advertiser, issued at Philadelphia. John Fitch operated his steamboat on Delaware River. 1786 Shay's rebellion in Massachusetts. U. S. Mint established at Philadelphia, Oct. 16. 1787 U. S. Constitution drawn up at a convention of delegates from the States at Phila., May 14: ratified by Convention, Sept. 17. Warren Hastings impeached; acquitted, 1795, April 23. 1788 First settlement in Australia, Jan. 26. 1789 First U. S. Presidential election, February. U. S. Constitution in effect in ratifying States, March 4. First U. S. Congress meets, N. Y.. April 6. U. S. Supreme Court created. September. 1792 France proclaimed a Republic, Sept. 21. First Canadian Legislature. Cotton gin invented by Ell Whitney. 1793 Canada forbids slave importation. Louis XV of France executed, Jan. 21. Cornerstone of National Capital, at Washington, laid by Pres. Washington, Sept. 18. 1796 Vaccination discovered by Jenner. 1797 Earthquake on west coast South America, 41,000 killed at Quito, Feb. 4. 1798 The Irish rebellion. Lord Nelson defeats French fleet in Battle of the Nile, Aug. 1. 1799 Bonaparte declared First Consul, November. George Washington died. Dec. 14. 1800 Sixth Congress (2d session) meets (for first time) at Washington, Nov. 17. Battle of Marengo, June 14; Battle of Hohen linden, Dec. 3. 1801 Union of Great Britain and Ireland, Jan. 1: first Parliament of United Kingdom. 1802 U. S. Military Academy at West Point established, March 16. 1803 England and France renew war. Louisiana purchased from the French. 1804 Hamilton-Burr duel fought on Palisades, N. J., Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed Emperor of 1805 Battle of Trafalgar; death of Nelson, Oct. 21. Detroit destroyed by fire, June 11. Battle of Austerlitz, Dec. 2. 1806 End of the Holy Roman Empire. 1807 British take Copenhagen. Abolition of slave trade in British dominions, March 25. Peace of Tilsit, July 7. Fulton's first steamboat voyage, New York to 1811 Earthquake in bed of Mississippi River, south of mouth of Ohio River, destroyed small towns and created Reelfoot Lake, 14 miles long. First Mississippi and Ohio River steamboat left Pittsburgh, Oct. 14. 1812 Second United States war with Great Britain, declared, June 19. The French expedition to Moscow; elty burned by the Russians, Sept. 16. 1813 Perry's victory on Lake Erie, Sept. 10; Buffalo, N. Y., burned by Indians, Dec. 29. Russia, Prussia and Austria unite against Napoleon; he wins Battle of Dresden, Aug. 26-29; decisively beaten at Leipzig, Oct. 1619: Wellington drives the French from Spain. 1814 Stephenson invents the locomotive. Scott's "Waverly" published. Allies capture Paris, March 31: Napoleon British burned White House at Washington, Battle of Lake Champlain, Macdonough's Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 24. 1815 Jackson defeated British at New Orleans, Jan. 8. 1822 Famine in Ireland. Revolution in Portugal; separation of Brazil. 1823 Monroe Doctrine declared, Dec. 2. 1824 Visit of Lafayette to America. 1825 Trade unions allowed in England. Erie Canal opened, first boat left Buffalo, Oct. 25, and reached N. Y. City, Nov. 4. 1828 First passenger railroad in United States (the Baltimore and Ohio) was begun, July 4. 1828 War between Russia and Turkey. Catholics readmitted to British Parliament. 1829 Welland Canal opened. 1830 Revolution in France, Orleanist succession. 1831 First train drawn in U. S. by steam locomotive, Albany to Schenectady, Aug. 9. 1832 Nullification ordinance in South Nov. 19. Carolina, 1833 Steamship Royal William crossed from Nova Scotia to England. Fire at New York; 70 houses burned. First opera house opened at N. Y., Nov. 18. 1834 Last lottery in England, Aug. 28. Great fire in New York City, Dec. 16-17; 674 1838 Fire destroyed 1,158 buildings at Charleston, S. C., April 27. 1839 Earthquake at Martinique: 700 killed. Lieut. Chas. Miller, U. S. N., discovered the 1841 Upper and Lower Canada united, Feb. 10. Croton Aqueduct opened, June 22. 1843 First telegraph line in U. S., Washington to Baltimore. 1845 Texas annexed. Fire destroyed 1,000 buildings at Pittsburgh, Fire destroyed 1,300 buildings at N. Y., June U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, opened, 1846 Sewing machine completed by Howe. British corn laws repealed, June 26. War with Mexico began; treaty signed, July 4, 1848. 1847 Battle of Chapultepec, Sept. 13. 1848 Louis Philippe dethroned in France: second Republic set up. Revolutionary uprisings in many European countries. Washington Monument, at Washington, D. C., begun July 4. Fire destroyed 3,000 buildings at Constanti- Gold discovered in California, Jan. 24. 1851 Gold discovered in Australia, Feb. 12. Fire destroyed 2,500 buildings at San Francisco, First International Exhibition, London. World's Fair opened at Crystal Palace, N. Y. 1854 Japan opened by Commodore Perry. First Atlantic cable begun to be laid, Valentia, Ireland, Aug. 5: first messages, Aug. 5, 1858. Mountain Meadow Massacre, 120 emigrants killed by Mormons in Utah, Sept. 16. 1858 East India Company dissolved, Aug. 2; government of India transferred to the British Crown. 1859 John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Va., Oct. 16; he was hanged at Charlestown, W. Va., Dec. 2. First petroleum well opened, Titusville, Pa., by Edward L. Drake, Aug. 26. War between Austria and Sardinia (assisted by First Pullman sleeping car run, Bloomington to 1860 Prince of Wales visited the U. S. Victor Emmanuel becomes King of Italy. Southern Confederacy formed, Feb. 4; elected Jefferson Davis President, Feb. 9; inaugurated, Feb. 18; Fort Sumter fired on, April 12; Lincoln called for volunteers, April 15; Queen Victoria's proclamation of neutrality, May 13; Battle of Bull Run, July 21; MC Clellan given command of Union Army, No. 1; Mason and Slidell affair, Nov. 8. 1862 Grant captures Forts Henry and Donelson, Feb. 6 and 16; Monitor defeats Merrimac, March 9: Farragut captured New Orie April 25; McClellan's Peninsula Campaign, March-August: Battles of Antietam, Sept 17; Fredericksburg, Dec. 13. 1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation (issued Sept. 22, 1862), in effect, Jan. 1; Lincoln's address at Gettysburg, Nov. 19. Hooker defeated at Chancellorsville, May 24: | 1864 War between Prussia and Denmark. --Lincoln shot by J. Wilkes Booth, at Washington, April 14; died. April 15. 1866 Fire destroyed centre of Portland, Me., and made 2,000 homeless, July 4. Fenians invaded Canada. Second Atlantic cable laid: completed, July 27 Fire destroyed 2,500 buildings at Quebec 1867 Alaska purchased from Russia, March 30, U. S.-China (Burlingame) treaty, July 4. Earthquake in Peru and Ecuador, 25,000 killed, Aug. 13-15. Queen Isabella flees from Spain, Sept. 30. 1869 Financial "Black Friday" in New York, Sept. 24; caused by gold corner. Red River rebellion in Canada. Suez Canal opened, Nov. 17. 1870 Franco-Prussian War begun, July 19; France proclaimed a Republic, Sept. 4. Rome added to Kingdom of Italy. 1871 The German Empire re-established, Jan. 18 Paris captured, Jan. 28; treaty of Frankfort ended Franco-Prussian War, May 10. The great fire in Chicago, Oct. 8-11; 18,006 bldgs, destroyed; est. loss, $196,000,000. 1872 Col. Jas. Fisk fr., "King of Wall Street," shot at N. Y. by Edw. S. Stokes, Jan. 6; he die two days later: Stokes got 4 years in prison The great fire in Boston, Nov. 9; 748 building destroyed. 1873 Fifth Avenue Theatre burned, N. Y., Jan. 1. Panic at N. Y. began with bank taflures on Sept. 20. 1874 Charley Ross, 4, kidnapped from home in Germantown, Pa., July 1. "Boss" W. M. Tweed at N. Y., convicted of fraud, Nov. 19, and sentenced 12 years in prison; in June, 1875, the court released htm from Blackwell's Island prison on a technicality; he was committed to Ludlow St Jail in a civil sult; escaped, Dec. 4, 1875. and went to Cuba, then to Spain, brought back to N. Y. City in Nov., 1876; he died ta Ludlow St. Jail, April 12, 1878. 1876 Centennial Exnibition at Philadelphia. Battle of Little Big Horn, Custer massacre, Telephone invented by Bell; first intelligible Hallett's Reef (Hell Gate) blown up, Sept. 2. Brooklyn Theatre fire, Dec. 5; 289 lives lost. 1877 Russia declares war on Turkey, April 24. Fire swept over 600 acres of City of St. John. N. B., June 20; 100 lives lost. Eleven Molly Maguires hanged at Pottsville Pa., for murders in coal region, June 21. Strike on B. and O., Penn., and other railways. troops called, riots, many killed: began July 1. 1878 Congress at Berlin, June 13-July 13, settles the Turkish question. Bulgaria, Montenegro, Serbia and Roumania made independent. "L" opened in New York, April 30. Masked burglars got $2,757,700 at Manhattan Savings Institution, N. Y., Oct. 27. Incandescent electric lamp invented by Edison. 1879 English massacred at Kabul, Sept. 4. 1881 East River frozen over, people crossed on foot. President Garfield shot, July 2; died. Sept. 19. Fire kills 850 at Ring Theatre, Vienna, Dec. 8. 1882 Panama Canal begun by the French, Jan. 20. Tuberculosis germ discovered by Dr. Koch. Fire destroyed Kingston, Jamaica, Dec. 11. 1983 Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria and Italy. (Renewed in 1887, 1891 and 1896.) Brooklyn Bridge opened, May 24; panic on it, May 30; twelve trampled to death, scores injured. Standard time went into effect in U. S., Nov. 18. 1884 Panic at N. Y., failure of Marine Bank and Jas. R. Keene, May 5. Lieut. Greely and six companions, survivors of Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty presented to 1885 Death of Gordon at Khartoum Jan. 26. Washington Monument dedicated, Feb. 21: opened to public, Oct. 9, 1888. First electric street railway in U. S., at Baltimore, opened Sept. 1. Hell Gate rocks blown up, Oct. 10. 1886 Haymarket Anarchist riots, Chicago; 7 police killed, 60 wounded, May 4. Steve Brodle jumped from Brooklyn Bridge, Charleston, S. C., earthquake, Aug. 31. Statue of Liberty on Bedloe's Island unveiled in presence of 1,000,000 people. The World raised $100,000 to erect pedestal, Oct. 28. 1887 Fire kills 200 at Opera Comique, Paris, May 25; and 200 at theatre, Exeter, England, Sept. 4. Flood in Hoang-Ho River, China; 900,000 perish. Interstate Commerce Law, Feb. 4. 1888 Great blizzard in eastern part of U. S., March 11-14. 1889 Brazil became a republic. -Johnstown, Pa., flood, May 31; 2.209 lives lost. 1891 Park Place disaster. N. Y., 64 killed. Aug. 22. 1892 Fire destroyed 28 lives at Hotel Royal, N. Y., Feb. 6; and 600 in building, St. John's, N. F., July 8. Pinkerton guards killed several steel strikers at 1893 World's Fair at Chicago, opened, May 1. Queen Liliuokalani of Hawall deposed, Jan. 16. 1894 Chinese-Japanese War began, July 25; Battle of Yalu, Sept. 17; treaty of Shimonoseki, April 17, 1895, gave Japan Liaotung Peninsula, Formosa and the Pescadores. Strike of mine workers throughout U. S., followed by that of Pullman Car manufactory workers and then by order from Eugene V. Debs for general strike of American Ry. union men; trouble centred at Chicago where, after Federal Court had enjoined strikers, President Cleveland sent Federal troops, July 2. Many died in conflict, vast property loss. U. S. troops withdrawn, July 19; Gov. Altgeld recalled State militia, Aug. 7, a day after union called strike off. Hawall made a republic, July 4. First gasoline vehicle in operation, July 4. Capt. Dreyfus degraded, Dec. 23; restored to rank, July 12, 1906. 1895 Roentgen ray discovered by W. K. Roentgen, a German physicist. Cuban Revolution began, Feb. 20. 1896 President Venezuela Boundary Commission, Jan. 1; treaty signed, Defeat of Italian Army by Menelek at Adowa "Greater New York" bill signed, May 11. Tornado killed several hundred at St. Louis, May 17. 1897 The Turkish-Greek War. Fire killed 150 at Charity bazaar, Paris, May 4. 1898 U. S. battleship Maine blown up in harbor of Havana, Cuba, Feb. 15; 260 lost. War began between Spain and the United States. Diplomatic relations broken, April 21: Cuban blockade declared, April 22; war declared by Spain, April 24, by United States, April 25. Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila -Battles of San Juan and El Caney, July 1-3. Annexation of Hawall to U. S., July 7. Peace treaty signed by American and Spanish delegates at Paris, Dec. 10, the U. 8. acquiring the Philippines and Porto Rico. Battle of Omdurman, Sept. 2; Sudan recovered. 1899 Spanish treaty ratified by U. S. Senate, Feb. 6. Universal Peace Conference at Hague called by Czar, May 18. The South African War began, Oct. 11; Gen lost. 1900 Chicago drainage canal opened, Jan. 2. Paris Exposition opened, April 15. Boxer Insurrection in China, June; Peking captured by foreign allies, Aug. 14. Great fire at Ottawa and Hull, Canada, April 26. Hoboken docks and ships fire, June 30; 145 lives lost; $10,000,000 property destroyed. The Galveston tornado, Sept. 8: 6,000 lives lost. 1901 Death of Queen Victoria, Jan. 22. J. P. Morgan organized U. S. Steel Corp. Aguinaldo captured by Gen. Funston, March 23; U. S. established civil government in the 'Philippines, May 3. Northern Pacific Railway stock "corner" and Pan-American Exposition, May 1-Nov. 2. Assassination of President McKinley, Sept. 6. 1902 St. Pierre, Martinique, destroyed by eruption of Mt. Pelee, May 8: about 30,000 lives lost. Pennsylvania coal strike of 145,000 anthracite miners, May 12. Settled by President Roosevelt's commission, Oct. 23. Fire destroyed 456 buildings at Paterson, N. J., Feb.; and 115 people at a church, Birmingham, Ala., Sept. 20. Cuban Republic inaugurated, May 20; rights First International Arbitration Court opened, 1903 Kishineff massacre. Alaska boundary treaty ratified by U.S., Feb.11. U. S.-Philippine cable completed, message sent around the world in 12 minutes, July 4. Panama Revolution, Nov. 3; republic recognized by U. S., Nov. 6. First successful mechanical aeroplane flight by Fire kills 602 at Iroquois Theatre, Chicago, 1904 The great fire in Baltimore, Feb. 7; 2,500 buildings destroyed. The Russo-Japanese War began, Feb. 6. The United States occupied Panama Canal Commercial business transacted by radio first Subway opened, New York, Oct. 27. 1905 Port Arthur surrendered to Japanese, Jan. 2. Battle of Mukden, Feb. 20-March 15. Battle of Sea of Japan, May 27-28. Peace terms between Japan and Russia agreed on at Portsmouth, N. H., Aug. 25; treaty signed, Sept. 5. J. W. Alexander and J. H. Hyde resigned control of Equitable Life Assurance Soc., N. Y. City, June 10. Norway dissolved union with Sweden. Earthquake killed 1,500 at Valparaiso, Chili; property loss, $100,000,000. 1906 San Francisco earthquake and conflagration; over 500 lives were lost; property loss, $400.000,000; April 18-19. 1907 Earthquake killed 1,400, Kingston, Jamaica, Jan. 14. Wall Street's "silent panic," March 14. 1 1907 U. S. Judge K. M. Landis, Chicago, fined Standard Oil $29,240,000 for rebating, Aug. 3; decision was upset on appeal and fine was dismissed, March 10, 1909. U. S. battleship fleet left Hampton Roads, Va., for cruise around the world, Dec. 16; reached Hampton Roads on return, Feb. 22, 1909. 1908 Interborough tube under East River, at N. Y. City opened, Jan. 9. Fire killed 169 at theatre, Boyertown, Pa., Hudson River (McAdoo) tubes, at N. Y. City Chelsea, Mass., fire, April 12. Gov. Hughes signed bill abolishing race track gambling in N. Y. State, June 11. District of Columbia Supreme Court sentenced Samuel Gompers and others to prison for contempt of court in Bucks stove case, Dec. Earthquakes in Sicily and Calabria killed 76,000, Messina partly destroyed, Dec. 28. 1909 R. E. Peary, U. 8. N., discovered North Pole, April 6. Hudson-Fulton celebration, New York, Sept.- 1910 Republic of Portugal established. Union of South Africa formed. May 31. 1911 U. S. Supreme Court ordered Standard Oil combine dissolved, May 15; same decree as to American Tobacco Co.. May 29. The Italian-Turkish War began, Sept. 29. Postal banks established in United States, at N. Y., Chicago, St. Louis and Boston, Aug. 1. Triangle waist factory fire, N. Y., 148 killed, March 25. Flood In Yangtse River, China; 100,000 President Diaz of Mexico resigned, May 25. China proclaimed a republic, Oct. 31. 1912 Balkan War began. Equitable Building burned, Jan. 9; 6 lives lost. 1913 Ohio and Indiana floods, March 25-27; 732 lives lost. In Brazos, Tex., floods, 500 died. Peace Palace at Hague dedicated. Mine explosion, Cardiff, Wales, 400 killed, Oct. 14. Zeppelin balloon, Z-2, exploded over Johannisthall, Germany, 28 died, Oct. 17. 1914 World War began in Europe. Archduke in Francis of Austria assassinated at Sarajevo, June 28; Austria declared war on Serbia, July 28; Germany invaded France at Cirey, Russian troops Invaded Germany. Aug. 2; Germans entered Liege, Aug. 7: British Expeditionary Force landed France, Aug. 16; Germans occupied Brussels, Aug. 20; Japan declared war on Germany, Aug. 23; Austria declared war on Japan, Aug. 25; Louvain bombarded and damaged, Aug. 25; Battle of the Marne, Sept. 6-10; Germans occupled Antwerp, Oct. 9; De Wet's rebellion in South Africa, Oct. 28: Japanese capture Tsingtau, Nov. 7; First Battle of Ypres, Nov. 9; German cruiser Emden destroyed at Cocos Island, Nov. 10. United States marines landed at Vera Cruz, Mex., April 21. Great fire in Salem, Mass., June 25; 1,000 buildings destroyed. Panama Canal opened, Aug. 15. Cape Cod Canal opened. 1915 British naval victory, North Sea, off Dogger Bank, Jan. 24: German official submarine "blockade" of Great Britain began, Feb. 18; British "Orders in Council" to prevent commodities reaching or leaving Germany, March 1: Second Battle of Ypres, April 22-28 (first poison gas attack of war); Germans invade Baltic provinces of Russia, April 30: Italy denounces treaty of Triple Alliance, May 4: steamship Lusitania sunk by German submarine off Head of Kinsale, Ireland, May 7; 1,198 lives lost, of which 124 were Americans. The submarine was the J-20. commanded by Capt. Schweiger; steamship Arabic sunk, Aug. 19; Allied forces land at Salonica, Oct. 5; Nurse Cavell shot at Brussels, Oct. 12; Italian liner Ancona sunk, Nov. 9. Panama Pacific International Exposition opened, Feb. 20. ---Wireless communication between Japan and United States established, July 27. 1916 Germans attack Verdun, Feb. 21-28: rebe rising in Dublin, April 24; naval battle of Jutland, May 31; Third Battle of Ypres. June 2; sinking of British warship Hamp shire, with Lord Kitchener aboard (12 sailors saved), by German mine in Orkneys. Scotland, June 5: Battle of Somme, July 1-10; Second Battle of Somme, July 14Aug. 5; Capt. Fryatt executed. July 27 President Wilson's peace note published. Dec. 20. Columbus, New Mexico, raided by VI Black Tom dock explosion and fire. Jersey 1917 Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare, Feb. 1: United States broke off dipl matic relations with Germany, Feb. 3 United States declared a state of war er isted with Germany, April 6: Russian Car abdicates, March 15: first American troo landed in France, June 26; Russia proclaimed a republic, Sept. 15; first American killed in battle in World War by airplane bomb (1st Lieut. W. T. Fitzsimons, M. RC after U. S. entry, Sept. 4: first shot by Amer ican troops in France, Oct. 27; first American casualties in France, Nov. 3: Bolshevist under Lenin seize supreme power in Russis Nov. 7; Battle of Cambral, Nov. 20-Dec. 4 United States declared a state of war existe with Austria, Dec. 7: Jerusalem captured. Dec. 9; U. 8. Gov't took over control of railroads, Dec. 28. King Constantine of Greece abdicated, June 12. tion ship in harbor in collision caused fire the 1918 President Wilson made 14 Points of Peare speech in Congress, Jan. 8; peace signed at Prest-Litovsk between the Bolshevis on the one side, and Germany, Austri Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey on other, March 3; peace signed betwee Germany and Finland, March 7: Bart of the Somme, March 21 to April 6: Park bombarded by long range guns at distance of 75 miles, March 23; British naval force raid Zeebrugge and Ostend. April 22: proGerman plot discovered in Ireland. Sn Fein leaders arrested, May 17: Battle of the Aisne, May 27-June 5; Czar Nicholas of Russia, the Empress, their four daughterand one son, Prince Dolgoroukoff, DBodkin, a lady-in-waiting and a were shot by Bolshevik orders at Eksteri burg, July 16; at Perm, also, July 12, the Bolshevists assassinated the Czar's brother Grand Duke Michael, and at Alspalevsky north of Ekaterinburg, they killed Grand Dukes Sergius Mikhallovitch, Constantinovich and Ivan Constantinovich: German retreat across the Marne begins. July 19: Battle of St. Mihiel, Sept. 12-16: United States troops take St. Mihlel, Sept 13: Battle of Meuse-Argonne, Sept. to Nov. 11, Franco-American attack Argonne, Sept. 26: British attack brestHindenburg line, Sept. 27: Bulgaria signe armistice and surrenders, Sept. 29: Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates, Oct. 5; United State troops capture St. Etienne, Oct. 6. Allies capture Cambrai, le Cateau and Roncroy, Oct. 9; Allies occupy Ostend, Bruges and Lille, Oct. 17; Germans in third peace note accept President Wilson's terms and recall submarines to their bases, Oct. 29 British and Italians cross the Plave, Ort. 27; armistice granted to Turkey, Oct. 30 Hungarian Republic proclaimed in Budapest. and Republic of German-Austria in Vienna Nov. 1; Austria accepts truce terms, Nov. 4: United States troops capture Sedan. Nov. 7: revolution in Kiel and Hamburg. Nov. 7: Bavaria proclaimed a republic. Nov. 8; the Kaiser abdicates, Nov. 9: de flees to Holland, Nov. 10; armistice World War signed at Senlis, Nov. 11: German fleet surrenders to British, Non 21; United States troops enter Maina Dec. 6; American troops crossed Rhine Dec. 13. Malbone St. Tunnel rall (B. R. T.) wreck. 97 killed, 100 hurt, Nov. 2. |