356 Antiquarian Researches. bis, who were called coen; or from cnu, Mercury himself; Cumming, Canning, Cynang, King, are all traceable to the same root, implying wisdom. The pictorial manner in which many well-known family names are represented in heraldry, is precisely that in which they must have been, and no doubt were, depicted in the hieroglyphical language. That a similar process for expressing names was employed by the Egyptians, is clear: for two of the individuals, in the procession represented in Belzoni's tomb, are characterized by two heraldic distinctions, viz. tench and lapwings, the sound of which, in Coptic, was, beyond a doubt, their names. The truth is, that as the whole science of Heraldry is traceable to the Egyptians, so is, in fact, a great proportion of the heraldic characters now employed; and even the tints to which the heralds limit themselves are the same as those to which the Egyptian artists were limited; and were in fact the sacred colours, common at once to the Egyptian, Jewish, Brahmin, and Chaldean priesthood. The patera, the cross, the mullet, the crescent, the dragon, the griffins, the winged horses, the mermen, are all noted Egyptian emblems, of which the third (the mullet) somewhat resembles the Magian pentoglyph, used by necromancers, and adopted, with the legend "health," by Antiochus, as his ensign. So the billet and the distaff, conferred on Hugh Despencer for cowardice, are of Egyptian original. The hammer of the two families, Mallets and Martels, and which is often seen arranged in threes on Saxon coins, is derivable, either from that of the Saxon god Thor, or from the sacred Tau of the Phoenician, as well as the Egyptian priesthood. The combined heraldic figure composed of a star and a crescent, is also an Egyptian hieroglyphic. This, which by all heralds is considered as a sign of the first bearer having fought under the red cross, the crusaders doubtlessly borrowed from similar armorial bearings of the Saracens and Arabs. Indeed, the Christian cross itself (i. e. a cross, with the lower member prolonged), as well as those crosses which are distinguished by the names of St. George and St. Andrew, is frequently seen among the hieroglyphics. The lance-rest, represented as in Heraldry, and the bridle, appear among the sculptures in the temple of Tentyra. Drops of water, among the symbolic writers, were expressed in the same shape as in the gouttes of Heraldry; and when coloured of the sacred red (in heraldry, Gules), as they appear in the tomb of Psammis, doubtlessly implied the same thing, viz. drops of blood. The scaling-ladders and crenated battlements of heraldry are frequently to be seen in the Egyptian temples. A sceptre of the most modern kind, surmounted with fleurs [Oct. de lis, is observed. The baronial coronet, with balls, is also to be seen. Indeed, the coronet of Memnon (at the British Museum), composed of erect serpents and balls, is a near example. So are the Bishop's mitre and the crosier, both of which are occasionally carried by Osiris. The padum is an admitted Egyptian symbol, derived through St. Anthony, the Coptic ascetic, to the Christian episcopacy. The crosskeys of St. Peter himself belonged to Horus, Mithra, and Hecate, and are of Egyp‐ tian invention; from Egypt they descended to the Druids, a cognate branch of the Magian and Memphian priesthood. The symbol of the first Christians was indeed a fish, and thence they were called Pisciculi. The most leading symbol of Heraldry, a dragon, was that which figured most among the hieroglyphics. To this source may be traced the famous Urgunda of the Mexicans, the great serpent depicted on the Chinese banner, and the sea-snake of the Scandina vians. It became a substitute, after Trajan's Dacian war, for the eagle of the Romans, and passed from them to several European nations. But among none was it so great a favourite as among our British progenitors. It was the banner of the Mercian, East Anglian and West Saxon Kings. It was borne by Cadwallo and the Kings of Wales, from whom it descended to Henry VII. and by him it was introduced into the English arms. It was the favourite symbol of the Druids, who built their great temple of Abury in the form of a winged serpent; and, like the Orientals, represented the struggle of good and evil in the universe, under the form of two dragons contending for an egg. It was afterwards introduced into the armorial bearings of London and Dublin. According to the heralds, it was borne by the Milesian Kings of Ireland; and, during the crusades, was considered as the symbol of the whole British nation. EGYPTIAN SARCOPHAGUS. Within these few years Egyptian antiquities have become a principal object of trade at Marseilles, where they are very abundant, and whence was obtained the magnificent sarcophagus from Alexandria, which has since reached Paris. This monument is eight feet in length, about two and a half in height, and three and a half in its greatest breadth; it is a little narrow towards the feet, and terminates in a square edge on the end, while, on the contrary, it becomes round at the opposite extremity; that is, at the end near the head. The upper part is surrounded by a large border of hieroglyphics, and is separated from the lower part, on each of the four fronts, by a carved streak or broad line; a carving of the same description supports and surrounds the figures which form the engravings on the body of the sarcophagus, and are in the proportion of 1825.] Antiquarian Researches.-Select Poetry. of about eighteen inches. On the end next the head, that is, on the convex front, there are five figures, two of which are in a sitting posture. Below these two, near the middle, and immediately below the carving which surrounds the hieroglyphical inscriptions, is engraved the figure of a scarabaeus within an engrailed disk. Triangular bodies placed in twelve rows, to the number of five in each row, seem to fall like drops of rain from this disk. Though these triangles, or drops, do not increase in number, as they do in size and in width of space according as they are more removed from the disk, the last rows become more separated from each other, and the whole viewed together resemble the shape of a fan. On the plain surface which occupies the foot of the sarcophagus, there are only two principal figures, which are surrounded with emblems or hieroglyphics; these are two jackals or wolves placed facing each other, and resting each of them on a pedestal. The long sides of the monument represent a sort of procession, composed of mystical figures, the greater number of which have heads of animals: their legs are closely jointed together, and they hold in their hands the knifeshaped instrument so common in Egyptian SELECT Extemporaneous Lines to Mr. W. Hersee, on receiving from him a pair of Spectacles, accompanied by some Verses. By the late W. Hayley, Esq. the Biographer of Cowper. MY double thanks accept, my friend, For two pure sources of delight; Not only perfect eyes you send, And, Nature's gift, a feeling heart. Lines addressed to the River Derwent, on the I hail thy banks, dear native stream, While the blue Ocean rolls between, And fill the hours that intervene. $57 symbols. They all face the head of the sarcophagus; and at the extremity, near the part where the surface begins to curve, a figure with the head of a man, and its legs spread wide, and turned in a contrary direction, seem as if waiting to receive those who form the procession. Rows of hieroglyphics hang down from the upper border between the heads of the figures. The weight is about six thousand pounds, and the lid almost equally heavy. It is of an uncommon shape, and of the most beautiful simplicity; it is cut in the form of a prism, and its surface forms nine longitudinal mouldings, the centre one of which is horizontal, and is entirely covered with a hieroglyphical inscription. Tenons have been left in the two small sides for the purpose of enabling the lid to be placed on the urn.. The material is hard stone, of a very fine grain; the ground is a dark green, like the shade of bronze, and is marked with dark red spots. In addition to these spots, which are spread almost uniformly over the entire sarcophagus, it is shaded in three or four places by broad streaks of a bright yellow, which also extend wholly over it: these variations serve to relieve the dark colouring of the ground in a beautiful manner. POETRY. My soul each day my voyage explores With rapture, and each night in sleep I go to visit distant shores, And cross the unseen hoary deep. Fancy, gay spirit, never coy, With magic spell now brings to view Her varied scenes of future joy, And ready Hope declares them true. But flattering Hope no longer cheers, And Fancy's blooming visions fly, When I behold my Mother's tears, And mark my Father's mournful eye. Now every tree, each haunt, and all The lovely scene seem doubly fair, My sportive hours of youth recall; Delightful times, devoid of care. Dear native stream, whose peaceful tide Is yet unknown to Poet's lay; No more adown thy waves I glide, Me rougher waves thall bear away. The Sun's last rays forsake the glade, While echoing rings the Curfew bell; Mild Eve extends her pensive shade, Dear native stream, farewell, farewell. Richmond, Aug. 15. THE SOUL. HOW mysterious is the Soul! The seat of Misery and of Bliss! Wonders extend from pole to pole→→→ Yet none so great as this. LEO. 358 It is an ever-living flame, With pow'r expansive as the skiesIt lives in every human frame Unseen by human eyes. O how mysterious is the Soul! Those who deny His pow'r, as well Select Poetry. W. HERSEE. LINES AFTER VISITING INDIA. SONS of the frigid North, away! Ye shall not judge the ardent lay To lave Lorenzo's towers. Strew'd me with snowy flowers. I've seen the marble domes expand, The wonders of Palladio's hand, Built for a race sublime; There echoing thro' the princely walls, Of music's thrilling chime. Majestic Florence, seat divine, How wept I when thy hallow'd earth I've seen the burning suns of Ind Secrete the milky wine. I rov'd on Arcot's sandy shore, [Oct. Driv'n from his promis'd spoil; Orissa's sullen genius cull'd Enkindles discord's endless flame Suit my august desires; Amongst the liberal parties, and opponents of the old regime, there seems to prevail a terror of Jesuitism. Of all topics, it is the most awkward or perilous that could be touched on in a mixed company. The word "Jesuit" instantly excites fear and trembling, or a violent sortie against the crimes and dangers of the order past and present. Such is the hatred and terror with which the Liberals are inspired by the Jesuits, that contrary to their own theories, they take part with the Anti-Catholic side of the British Cabinet. Persons in clerical costume, and especially friars and students, have within a few years increased vastly, both in the capital, and the principal towns of the departments. In Paris they are met in the streets at every turning, and seen grouped, like rooks, with their black sordid uniforms, in the fields outside the barrier. At Rouen they have multiplied excessively, under the auspices of his Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop; and at Amiens they have a large College, in which there are some English and Irish students. Another curious circumstance relating to the Jesuits, is the hatred borne them by the rest of the French clergy. The priests cannot keep their tempers, if the Jesuits be but named. The latter were so well aware of the odium attached to their name, that they abandoned it, and assumed that of Pères de la Foi-Fathers of the Faith. But the old name sticks to them, and will not be allowed to drop. SPAIN. The revolt of Bessieres, which had for its object the deposition of Ferdinand and elevation of his brother Charles to the throne, was not an unconnected event. It was followed by intelligence of an insurrection in Valencia, headed by Gen. Chambo, and one in La Mancha, excited by General Locho. Ortiguela, in the province of Burgos, and another Chief in the province of Grenada, have followed the example of Locho, and proclaimed Charles V. On the 26th of September the Royal Consultative Junta of the Spanish Government, presented to Ferdinand an Exposition on the arduous situation in which Spain is at present placed. The Custom-houses in Spain now produce little more than sufficient to pay the clerks employed in them; and such is the peaury of the state, that all the charitable institutions of Madrid, depending upon the public revenue, have been closed. ITALY. Intelligence from Rome, dated September 24th, states that his Holiness has named Mr. Calandrelli, a celebrated astronomer, a Canon in the Church of St. nn di Lateran, dispensing him from attending in the chair. The greatest part of the Neapolitan exiles, who lived at Rome, and in the environs, have received from their Sovereign permission to return to their own country. On the 18th of August a law respecting the Censorship of the Press was published. A Council of Revision, cousisting of four Members of each of the five Colleges of the University, is formed, for the purpose of examining the works intended to be printed, to see that they contain nothing that may lead to disputes with a foreign Government. This Council is also to revise all public inscriptions. All printers and booksellers are to procure, within a month's time, licences to continue their business, and annually to deliver in a list of the prohibited books which they have in their possession. Prohibited books are to be delivered to the public libraries, the inspectors of which are to have a part of the fines imposed on the transgressors of the law. No private presses will be allowed. RUSSIA. The Russian gold mines are represented as likely to become very productive. Not less than ten thousand pounds weight of this precious metal are expected to be obtained in the course of the present year. Among the mines discovered on the domains of the crown, one gold, and the other platina, are worthy of notice. The gold mine was discovered in 1824, by M. Soiridoff. It is situated in the district of Zlatuust, in the government of Orenburg, in the province of Zroitsk, on the left bank of the Ouya, two versts from the copper mine of Polikoff. In 100 pounds of sand it gives from 1 to 14 zalotuiks of gold. The mine has not been much examined. On June the 14th the sand was first washed, and in two days 1p. 8st. zolotuiks of gold were obtained. On account of its abundance, this mine has been called Blahodatne. The platina mine, containing a small quantity of gold, is in the district of Goroblahadat, government of Perm, two versts from Kouchversk, and 12 from the Isa. It was discovered last March. The metallic sand lies about one archive and a half below the surface, and the thickness of the strata is about two archives and a half. a half. In five pouds of the sand half a zolotuik of gold and five parts of platina have been obtained. The strata has been examined for a considerable distance, and is found to be very rich, containing at least ten zolotuiks of metal to every 100 pouds. During this year 33 strata of gold sand have been found in private property in the government of Perm, which in general give one zolotuik of metal to the 100 pouds, The most remarkable are those belonging to M. Demidoff, and to the heirs of M. Pierre Yakouileff. The latter gave from four to five zolotuiks of gold to the 100 pouds. Traces of gold have also been discovered on the estate of M. Mias, merchant, at Rotsoff, situated in the district of Kourgam, government of Tobolsk, In consequence of a report from the Finance Minister, the Emperor has sanctioned the establishment in Moscow of a Technological Institution, the object of which is to promote the sciences necessary to the prosperity of manufacturing industry. Young people in a liberal condition, from sixteen to twenty-four years of age, are to be admitted into it, and to receive instruction gratuitously. The Russians are not now allowed to go and study in a foreign country, until they have attended for at least three years one of the Russian universities. Young men are not admitted into the army until they have undergone examination at one of these universities. GREECE. According to advices from Corfu of the 17th of September, corroborated by the Greek Chronicle from Missolonghi of the 4th September, it appears that the Greeks made a sally which spread great confusion among the invaders, and in this engagement the Turks lost 700 men. One of their batteries was also entirely destroyed. The Greeks had 20 killed and 40 wounded. The Fetters from Missolonghi also state, that Ibrahim Pacha has again lost, in different engagements, 800 Arabs, and that he him self had abandoned his troops at Trippolizza, and had taken refuge at Neocastro. Mis solonghi has again been supplied with provisions, &c. Fresh victories have been obtained, it is added, by the Greeks in the Island of Candia, which will be an obstacle to the Pacha of Egypt's sending his newly threatened expedition. The above is said to be confirmed by letters from Leghorn of the 3d October, mentioning, in addition, that Admiral Miaulis, with thirty-two vessels, was cruising between the coasts of Albania and those of the Morea, waiting to intercept the Egyptian fleet. EAST INDIES. The official details of the capture of Arracan have reached this country. It ap [Oct. pears from them that the enemy made little resistance, and that our loss was only 32 killed, and 122 wounded. Arracan is the capital of a very extensive territory of the same name, constituting one of the component kingdoms of the Burman empire. Another of the integral states of this expire (the kingdom of Assam) has long since submitted to our authority; and Cachar and Pegu, subordinate states of the same rank, have manifested unequivocally their disposition to declare for England against their late tyrant. A letter from Calcutta, of 30th May, mentions that the whole of the province of Arracan had fallen into our possession subsequently to the taking of the capital, and that the determination had been formed by the Governor-General to annex the entire province to our Indian empire, as a security for the good behaviour in future of his Burmese Majesty; which purpose would be effectually answered by its possession, as the province lines nearly the whole of the sea-coast to the westward. While these transactions at Arracan were carrying on in the western part of the empire, General Cotton, with a comparatively small force, attacked the Burmese General, called Maha Bundoolah, in the south. Maha Bundoolah with a large force (some say 14, some 30,000 fighting meu) defended Donabew, a place strongly stockaded, and furnished with 100 cannon. General Cotton was repulsed in the first instance, but being joined by Sir Archibald Campbell and Gen. M'Creagh, Donahew was taken, and Bundoolah's army dispersed. Official intelligence from India comunicates the important fact, that Sir Archibald Campbell entered Prome without opposition on the 25th April, after having made himself master of Donabew. Overtures indicating a real desire for peace, had been made by the Court of Ava; the war party at Court being left, as was supposed, without the means of carrying on hostilities. AFRICA. We are enabled (says the Glasgow Courier) to lay before our readers the following important particulars regarding Major Clapperton's discoveries in Africa. From the information which he obtained, he considers it certain that the mighty Niger terminates in the Atlantic Ocean in the Bights of Benin and Biafra. Sockatoo, the capital of a considerable state, and at which place he turned back, is situated in 12 degrees North latitude, and in about 7 degrees East longitude, and upon a river which flows west by it, into the Joliba (the Niger) of Mr. Park, distant about 40 miles from the city mentioned. The inhabitants of Stockatoo told Major Clapperton that they traded up the Joliba with Timbuctoo, and down it with the Europeans who frequented the sea coasts |