Ship Subsidies: An Economic Study of the Policy of Subsidizing Merchant Marines

58th Congress abroad Amer Ameri American bottoms American builder American carrier American flag American Merchant Marine American Navigation American registry American shipbuilding AMERICAN SHIPPING American vessel amount auxiliary cruisers bounties Britain British vessels build cargo carriers carrying trade cent cheaply coastwise trade CODMAN compete Congress passed contracts cost demand discriminating duties effect eign England existing conditions exports fact favor foreign commerce foreign flags foreign port foreign trade marine foreign vessels free ship policy freight French Germany government aid grants handicap home cargo ican imports increased indirect trade industry iron ships Jay treaty labor lines materials Merchant Marine Commission million dollars monopoly nations naval navigation acts navy North American Review obtain operation ping protective tariff reason reciprocity registry law repeal retaliation sailors SHIP SUBSIDIES shipowner shipping question steamers Steamship steel subsidy system subventions tion tons tramp tramp steamer United vessels built wages wooden ships