Exercise 13.

1. The orator Hortensius was eight years older than Cicero. 2. Licinius liberated the plebeians 1 from an oppressive bondage. 3. Rome was now deprived of almost all her allies. 4. The constitution 2 of Lucius Cornelius took from the knights the judicialpower which they had exercised since the times of the Gracchi. 5. Men are much less in bulk than very many animals. 6. Grief and indignation deprived Marius of utterance.1 7. Antisthenes, the Cynic, was once very sick,5 and cried out, "Who will deliver me from these torments? "6 Then said Diogenes, who by chance was by, "This knife, if you will." "I do not say from my life," he replied, "but from my disease." 8. The archbishop tore the diadem from the head of the statue, and the image, thus despoiled of its honors, was thrown upon the ground. 9. The aged Nestor boasts his virtues, nor seems to be too loquacious; for his speech, says Homer, flowed from his tongue sweeter than honey. 10. Hesiod was robbed of a fair share of his heritage by the unrighteous decision of judges who had been bribed by his brother Perses. The latter was afterwards deprived of his property, and asked relief of his brother. 11. Alcaeus, for instance, cheered by his songs the nobles who had been driven into-exile.9 12. After the expulsion of the kings,10 a new office was created at Rome, called the dictatorship, greater than the consulship. This dignity, however, was discontinued after the second Punic war. The stronger

the Republic became, the less it needed this extraordinary power. But in the civil war it was revived by order of the people, and conferred upon Sulla, who afterwards resigned it and became a private citizen.

Ablative.

Lesson 15.

Cases. -6. Special Uses of the Genitive.

LEARN §§ 216, with c, d, e (Partitive genitive) ; and 217 (Objective genitive with nouns).

a. When in English one noun is closely connected with another by a preposition, the genitive is commonly used in Latin, no matter what the preposition is in English (objective Genitive: see examples under § 217): as,

1. Prayer to the gods, precatio deorum.

2. Escape from danger, fuga periculi.

3. Power over every thing, potestas omnium rerum.

4. Pain in the head, dolor capitis.

5. Confidence in one's strength, fiducia virium.

6. Departure from life, excessus vitae.

7. Subject for jests, materia jocorum.

8. Struggle for office, contentio honorum.

9. Relief from duty, vacatio muneris.

10. Difference in politics, rei publicae dissensio. 11. Reputation for valor, opinio virtutis.

12. Union with Cæsar, conjunctio Caesaris.

13. Victory in war, victoria belli.

14. Devotion to us, studium nostri.

15. Grief for his son, luctus filii.

16. A means of guarding against troubles, cautio incommodorum.

NOTE. - Nouns which denote feeling often take the accusative with in, erga, adversus, ad, instead of an objective genitive. Prepositions are also used when the relation is very remote. (See examples under § 217. R.).

b. Wherever the relation expressed by a noun with a preposition (especially OF) can be viewed as a quality of the modified noun, the Latin prefers to use an adjective: just as in English we say, the Boston massacre; the Jackson administration; the Socratic philosophy; the touch of the royal hand, &c. (compare examples in Lesson 5). Thus

1. The shout of the enemy, clamor hostilis.

2. Jealousy of the Senate, invidia senatoria.

3. Confidence in you, fiducia tua (more commonly tui). 4. The Cyrus of Xenophon, Cyrus Xenophonteus.

c. Where a word denoting a whole is used with another denoting a part (English OF, IN, AMONG), it is regularly put in the genitive. (But notice carefully the Remarks on page 116 of the Grammar.) The peculiarities of the construction are seen in the following idiomatic phrases:

1. Enough money, satis pecuniae.

2. More learning than wisdom, plus doctrinae quam prudentiae.

3. One of a thousand, unus de multis.

4. Alone of all, solus ex omnibus (or omnium).

5. At that age, id aetatis.

6. Nowhere in the world, nusquam gentium.

7. Of the two consuls one was killed and the other wounded, duo consules alter est interfectus alter vulneratus.

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Exercise 14.

1. On his way to prison Phocion suffered some 2 gross insults from the populace with-meekness and dignity.5 2. Two wives of the German king, Ariovistus, perished; of their daughters, one was slain, another captured. 3. We have not yet discussed the principal wages of virtue and the greatest of the prizes that are held out to it. 4. From his boyhood the Roman soldier was schooled to 8 habitual 9 indiffer

1

ence to [his own] life. 5. During the holidays in summer2 the young men exercise themselves with 3 sports. 6. To what a degree of brutality will excess of misery debase human nature! 7. Cneius Lentulus, a military tribune, said to the wounded consul, "Lucius Æmilius, whom the gods ought to favor as the only [person] free-from the blame of this day's disaster, take this horse while you have any remains of strength. Do-not add to the horror of this day? by the death of a consul. Even without that, there is abundant [cause for] tears and mourning." 8. I will recount the delights and pleasures in this age of eighty-three, which I now take, and on account of which men generally account me happy. 9. Many inventions greatly facilitate success in the chase. The most singular of these is a poison in which they dip their arrows. The slightest wound with these envenomed shafts is mortal. 10. Hannibal, after his defeat at Zama, served his country in peace. II. Many men expose themselves to death for the sake of power; but this king resigned his crown because his love for his dominion, his affection for his subjects, and his regard for their interests were greater than his desire for power. 12. The conspirators divided into three parties. One was posted near the governor's house, a second secured the approaches to the market-place, a third hastened to the quarter of the tombs, and awaited the signal for the fight. 13. Not only was Brutus's life saved at the battle of Pharsalus, but, restored to the state after the death of Pompey, along with many of his friends, he had also great influence with 3 Cæsar.

ne (perf. subj.). 8 apud.

7 Lit. "make this day one-of-horror" (funestus).

1. REVIEW §§ 225, with sub-sections (Accusative and Dative); 239, with a, b, c, d (two Accusatives). Learn §§ 219, 220, 221, 222 (Verbs of Reminding, Accusing, &c., with the Impersonals miseret, etc.).

2. A verb in English, besides its object, has often another modifying noun with a preposition. Such nouns are in Latin usually put in the case corresponding to the English preposition, though sometimes a preposition is expressed.

a. The Accusative and Dative (compare Lesson 10, b), in such phrases as

1. He laid the burden on my shoulders, humeris meis onus imposuit.

2. I do not envy Crassus for his wealth (I do not grudge wealth to Crassus), Crasso divitias non invideo. Cæsar required ten hostages of the Helvetians, Caesar Helvetiis decem obsides imperavit (225. c).

3.

NOTE. — In these cases notice the Latin idiom, as it often differs from the English; and observe carefully the construction of each verb as given in the Vocabulary.

b. Accusative and Genitive, in such phrases as —

1. You remind me of my duty, me mones officii.

2. He accuses me of theft, arguit me furti.

3.

4.

I repent of my folly, meae me stultitiae paenitet.

I am weary of life, me vitae taedet (weary with toil, fessus labore).

c. Two Accusatives: 1. One in Apposition (see Lesson 2); 2. With verbs of Asking and Teaching:

Panætius taught Scipio the Greek philosophy, Panaetius Scipionem Graecam docuit philosophiam.