A GEOGRAPHICAL VIEW OF THE WORLD, EMBRACING THE MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND PURSUITS. OF EVERY NATION; FOUNDED ON The Best Authorities. BY REV. J. GOLDSMITH, { & FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, REVISED, CORRECTED, AND IMPROVED, BY JAMES G. PERCIVAL, M. D. ILLUSTRATED BY EIGHT COPPERPLATE VIEWS. NEW-YORK: E. HOPKINS AND W. REED. District of Connecticut, ss. BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the L. S. eleventh day of March, in the fiftieth year of the independence of the United States of America, EDWARD HOPKINS, of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit: "A Geographical view of the World, embracing the Manners, Customs, and Pursuits of every nation, founded on the best authorities. By Rev. J. Goldsmith, author of Grammar of Geography, Grammar of British Geography, &c. First American edition, revised, corrected, and improved, by James G. Percival, M. D. Illustrated by eight copperplate views." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to the act, entitled," An act supplementary to an act, entitled "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the district of Connecticut. A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me, CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the district of Connecticut. EUROPE Is bounded on the N. by the Arctic or Frozen Ocean; E. by Asia, from which it is separated towards the north by the Ural mountains, and towards the south by the sea of Azoph, the Black sea, the sea of Marmora, and the Grecian Archipelago; on the S. by the Mediterranean, which separates it from Africa; and on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean. Its greatest length, from cape St. Vincent at the southwestern extremity, to the Ural mountains, is about 4,000 miles; and from cape Matapan, at the southern extremity of Turkey, in lat. 36° 23'N. to the North cape in lat. 71° 11', N. it is 2,400 miles broad. The area is estimated by Hassel at 3,387,019 square miles. OF LAPLAND. The most northerly country in Europe, and extends from lat. 64° N. to the North cape in 71° 11' N. It is washed by the Atlantic ocean on the west, the Frozen ocean on the north, and the White sea on the east. Extent 152,720 sq. miles. Population 61,769. Of the Dress of the Laplanders. THE Laplanders wear a sort of pantaloons reaching down to their shoes, which are made of untanned skin, pointed, and turned up before, and in winter they put a little hay in them. Their waistcoat is made to fit the shape, and open at the breast. Over this they wear a close coat with narrow sleeves, which is fastened round them with a leathern girdle, ornamented with plates of tin or brass. To the girdle they tie their knives, their instruments for obtaining fire, their pipes, and the rest of the smoking apparatus. Their clothes are, in general, bordered with fur, or bindings of cloth of different colours. Their caps are edged with fur, pointed at top, and adorned with different coloured lists. The dress of the women is very like to that of the men, but in addition to it they wear handkerchiefs, short aprons made of painted cloth, rings on their fingers, and ear-rings, from which, among the better sort, are suspended chains of silver, which pass two or three times about their neck. They are much addicted to finery, and to the use of embroidery manufactured from brass wire, and where that cannot be had, list of different colours is substituted. Habitations of the Laplanders. THE Laplanders change their habitations according to the season living in houses in winter, but in summer they make use of tents. The houses are built with stones and sods; they are roofed with beams and rafters, and small wood between them; over these are laid bushes and turf, with fine earth on the top. They have neither door nor chimney; the former is supplied by two vaulted passages, through which they must creep on their hands and feet. At the smallest of these passages, the men sally forth to their hunting, or other occupations; but no woman attempts to make use of this entry, lest she should happen to meet the man at his departure,-a cir cumstance that would be interpreted into a bad omen. 4 Employment and Commerce of the Laplanders. Their summer tents are framed with poles and covered with skins; in the structure and situation of these they endeavour to display some finery and taste. Guests on a visit are welcomed with singing, and presented with soft clean skins to sit upon; the men talk grave ly and considerately of the weather, and of hunting and fishing; the women mutually bewail their deceased relations with an harmonious howl, and then divert themselves with little stories, in the meantime a horn with snuff goes constantly round. When the victuals are brought in, the guests let the host press them often, pretending an indifference, lest they should appear poor or half-starved. Their household furniture consists of iron or copper kettles, wood en cups, bowls, spoons, and sometimes tin or even silver basins; to which may be added the implements of fishing and hunting. That they may not be obliged to carry these with them in their excur sions, they build huts like pigeon-houses in the forests, placed upon the trunk of a tree, where they leave their goods and provisions; and though they are never shut, yet they are never plundered. Food of the Laplanders. REIN-DEER Supply the Laplanders with the greatest part of their provisions; the chase and the fishery afford the rest. The flesh of the bear is considered as the most delicate meat. Their winter provisions consist chiefly of flesh and fish dried in the open air, both of which they eat raw, and without any sort of dressing. Their com mon drink is water: brandy is very scarce, but they are extremely fond of it. Language and Manners of the Laplanders. THE language of the Laplanders comprehends so many different dialects, that it is with difficulty they understand each other. They have neither writing nor letters among them, but a number of hieroglyphics. Their voices, however, are musical, and they readily oblige strangers by making use of them. According to Von Buch, the Laplanders may be divided into two classes; those who inhabit the woody region; and those who inhabit the lofty mountainous region. The former have fixed habitations, but the latter live in tents, and move from place to place to find pasturage for the herds of rein-deer which constitute their principal wealth. Of these migratory people, Mr. de Capell Brooke, in his Travels to the North Cape, in the summer of 1820, has given a very interesting account. Among other curious particulars relative to their domestic economy, he describes the operation of milking the deer; which is attended with some trouble, as many of the animals are very refractory. The quantity of milk yielded by each, rarely exceeded a teaCup-full, but it was extremely luscious, of a fine aromatic flavour, and excelling cream in richness. Cheese is made from this milk, after a very simple and not very cleanly process, which to a stranger is the more disagreeable, from the stifling smoke of the green wood used as fuel. The following is Mr. Brooke's sketch of a night-scene, in a Lapland tent. "Opposite to us, around the fire, were the uncouth figures of the Laplanders, squatting upon their haunches, as is their constant custom. In one corner were two children asleep on deer-skins; and more -nty small dogs were also taking their repose around us." Employment and Commerce of the Laplanders. THE following is a real picture of a Laplander, with a family attending upon his herds. "It consisted of an old man, his wife, a young man and his wife, with a child about two months old. The nfant was curiously trussed up in a cradle or machine, almost re |