An important document has been published by the Provincial Congress of Mexico, respecting the interference of the head of the Church in the civil affairs of foreign states, and it is the more important, as the Mexicans are such bigotted Catholics, that they do not permit the exercise of any other religion within their territory. This paper is moderate in its language, but firm in purpose, and traces, with a vigorous hand, the limits between civil authority and ecclesiastical usurpation. It strips his Holiness of that dangerous prerogative by which his prodecessors pretended to free subjects from their allegiance, and by which he himself now offers to patch up a claim of allegiance for Ferdinand. In the declaration of the Mexican Congress, the Pope is so far from being considered as the Deus in terris, that any attention to his commands in civil or political matters is declared rebellion against the state, for which no alliance to the Tiara can obtain pardon.

MEXICAN MINING.

Part of a company of Americans and Mexicans who left Santa Fe about the 1st of June last, arrived in Franklin Missouri, on the 5th of August, with nearly 500 mules and horses. The company, after leaving Santa Fe, pursued a route not travelled heretofore. Leaving Santa Miguel, they crossed the Canadian ford of the Arkanses River, at the foot of the great Table Mountains, and then encamped on the east side of one of the branches of the Little Arkanses, where about twelve or thirteen of the party were dispatched to procure buffalo meat. About two hours after their absence, the Indians ran in among the horses, but manifested no hostile intentions, continually crying out," Wash ashes, Wash ashes,' and others endeavouring to frighten off the horses by their hallooing and running among them, which they succeeded in doing, so that about two-thirds of the animals were driven off in despite of every exertion to prevent them. Some men were sent out to recover them, and they succeeded in regaining one drove of sixty-three horses and mules; the others were retaken by the Indians. The men who were sent for the buffaloes, were also taken to the Indians' camp, and were robbed and treated by them very roughly. The Indians had two or three hundred warriors in the camp. Many of whom appeared disposed to provoke some difference, so that they might find a pretence for taking all the property, and perhaps murdering all the party. The whole company, however, submitted to the most

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violent outrages rather than resent them, as resistance would be madness, there being 6 or 700 Indian warriors, to about 12 or 15 effective men in the company. The Indians, therefore, plundered the camp of what was of value.

The following is an extract of a private letter from Mexico, dated July 9, 1825; its contents are of some interest, particularly in reference to the progress which is making in working the several mines belonging to the different Companies formed in this country

:

"You will express surprise, perhaps, at my not sending you more political news, but it is only because there is none to send. The Congress, it is expected, will meet on the first of next month, and then, perhaps, we may find some gossip to send you. I find this city more agreeable as a residence than any part of South America I have been in.

"I have been naturally led, since I have been here, to make some comparison be¬ tween this country and that other section of South (or, I should say, Spanish) America, of which, as you are aware, I know the most-I mean Colombia; and I should say, that although, as regards their separation from Spain, it is as complete in the one country as in the other; yet, in point of national energy and national feeling all together, Colombia is more advanced than Mexico. Fourteen years of warfare, difficulty, and suffering, have developed and matured a national character in Colombia in a greater degree than has occurred here, precisely because the same causes have not prevailed to the same extent. However, causes of a different kind are at work in this country now, which, it is to be hoped, will tend every day towards its advancement in civilization. The principal of these, and the one which now engages most of the public attention, is the working of the mines. You have little idea in England of the benefit which the mining districts of Mexico are already feeling from the putting their industry in motion. All the people are employed. There is a demand every where for horses, provisions, iron, paper, and every thing that the miners want for their operations. The three principal English Companies have apparently taken different courses of proceeding, each and all of which are the subject of conversation and criticism here. The Real del Monte Company, who have got the immense mines of Count Regia, go upon the plan of employing steam-engines. Their engines are arrived on the coast, and I hear, and it is said they expect to get them conveyed to the mines, and to have them erected and be ready for work by next spring. The question that is propounded among the learned in these matters is, whether, after the engines have got to work and done their business by draining the mines, the same result could

not

1625.]

not have been obtained by the means of the country, and at less expense and with less delay than by steam-engines? The ex- pense of conveying the steam-engines, and repairing the roads for that purpose, is very great.

"The Anglo-Mexican Company, which has its mines principally in Guanaxuato, has followed a different plan. They have adopted the Mexican system of malacates, making some improvements in them; and by means of these they are draining the great mine of Valenciana at the rate of 10,000 tons of water per week. I was perfectly astonished to find the power of these things. Eight of them, I understand, are now established on the great shaft of Valenciana, and are at work night and day. Each malacate takes twelve horses, which are relieved every six hours. The expense must be great, but the mine is yielding ore every week. Both this Company and the Real del Monte have had out a good many Cornish miners.

"The next great Company is the United Mexican. It seems to be the policy of this Company, as far as I can learn, to work entirely with the means of the country, capital and management being the greatest articles they supply. They have got some

363

very valuable mines in Guanaxuato, Zacatecas, and other districts.-The whole of these Companies are under excellent management. The one last mentioned, the United, is under the direction of Don Lucas Alaman, minister for foreign affairs, a man of great value to this country-able, upright, scientific, and with a great turn for mining. He is assisted by one or two London merchants, who, with him, form a Board of Management here. The AngloMexican is under the direction of Mr. Williamson, who resides at Guanaxuato, a gentleman who, some time since, undertook the working of the King of Persia's mines, but was obliged to leave that country in consequence of the treatment he received there. He is a man of great talent, judgment, and exertion. The Real del Monte is under the direction of Captain Veitch, an officer of engineers, and son [brother] of a physician in London of that name. He appears to be a very able man, equal to the trust reposed in him, and is very much esteemed. Besides these there are three or four other smaller Companies. The effect of their several labours must be soon felt in this country, and I guess it will not be many years before it is felt in Europe."

SCOTLAND.

In p. 266 we stated the circumstance of Dr. Luscomb being consecrated by the Scottish Bishops, and sent to the Continent for ecclesiastical purposes, and we are happy to learn that a recent Institution has been formed in Edinburgh, through the munificent bequest of a lady, amounting to some thousand pounds, for the purpose of endowing an Episcopalian Theological Professorship, to be enjoyed by an A. M. of Oxford or Cambridge, subject to the control of the Scottish Bishops.

A

Edinburgh is wonderfully improving. It affords a striking instance of the rapid rise in the value of property near the Canal Basin, that the ground which these and some neighbouring buildings stand upon, was bought a few years ago for 2,250l. and the feus will now yield 1,000l. per annum. small town has grown up here, and is rapidly extending. The Crescent, and the contiguous tenements in progress in Castlebarnes, will accommodate about one hundred families, or from five hundred to six hundred persons; and this is exclusive of other buildings in Orchardfield, Grovestreet, Toll-cross, the Lothian Road, &c. This increase has rendered additional church accommodation necessary; and a meeting was held a few days ago, to treat for ground for the erection of a new chapel. The new

buildings on the West, however, are not coufined to the vicinity of the Canal. In Melville-street, Atholl-place, Manor-street, St. Cuthbert-street, Walker-street, such a multitude of new houses have sprung up, that a person who has not visited this quarter of the city for six months, finds his head bewildered by a crowd of new streets, squares, and places, of whose existence he had no previous intimation.

The injury done to the iron trade of Scotland by the colliers' combination is strikingly evident, from the fact that this year there is fully a fourth less iron made in this country, solely in consequence of the want of coals, and the frequent interruptions rendering it unsafe for the iron-masters to prepare ironstone, &c.; and several of the blast furnaces have consequently remained vacant. The consumption of pig-iron, in Great Britain last year was 600,000 tons of this quantity, Scotland supplied 35,000 tons. It is understood the make this year will not be above 500,000 tons.

father of Mr. Weld, the present owner of Lulworth-castle, with the house and 100 acres of land, at Stonyhurst in Lancashire. They have since purchased 100 more. They are also tenants for no inconsiderable quantity of land, although the produce of the whole is insufficient for the wants of their establishment. The society consists of superiors, missionaries, and teachers. The first of these are few in number; they are the governors of the establishment, and have the whole direction of its affairs. One of them is called the President. The missionaries are priests who officiate in different chapels in the neighbourhood, where there is no resident priest; and are also ready to succeed or assist those who are at a greater distance. The teachers have each the care of a particular school, and are under the direction of one who is called the superintendent of studies. There are also what are

called prefects, who have the superintendence of the scholars at their studies, their sports, and in their walks. The number of scholars is about 200; the greater part of them are Irish, but there are foreigners, we believe, from every part of the globe. The circumstances attending the situation of one of these are not a little peculiar. The boy is an Armenian, consequently, we suppose, a member of the Greek Church, which, if we mistake not, differs considerably from the Roman Catholic. His pension, or board, is paid by the Pacha of Egypt, who is, of course, a Mahometan. He is consigned to a Protestant gentleman in Manchester, who, strange to tell, sends him to be educated at the Roman Catholic establishment at Stonyhurst. Each scholar pays 50l. per annum. Two hundred (and this number has been sometimes considerably exceeded) produce 10,000l. Their real property may be valued at 40,000l., including the gift of Mr. Weld, and what they have themselves expended on the purchase of land, and the improvement and enlargement of the building. Their annual revenue may therefore not unfairly be stated at 12,000l. Their gains must have been very considerable to enable them to lay out 30,000l. in about twenty years, and there is no reason to suppose that they are, at present, at all below the general average, yet they are soliciting subscriptions towards building a new chapel (asking for the contributions even of their surgeon and physician), to which they themselves magnanimously subscribe 8001. In the course of the five and twenty years that Stonyhurst has been in possession of its present owners, an entire change has been wrought in the religious character of the neighbourhood. The majority of its inhabitants were not then Roman Catholics; the preponderance was on the side of the Protestants. At the present time the Protestants are reduced to less than one-seventh of the whole population of the district. Of

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course, the "College," as it is called, gives employment in one way or other, to a great number of persons, and none of them are Protestants. Intermarriages between Catholic and Protestant families have been most numerous in the neighbourhood: and. this we know to have been the most prolific source of what they term conversions. The refuse meat of 250 or 300 people, the castoff clothes of nearly the same number (for they provide the scholars with an uniform dress), must either be given away or sold for very little; and it is the general understanding of the neighbourhood, that nobody must look for any thing in the former way of disposal, without, occasionally at least, appearing at mass.

Sept. 27. That grent work, the Darlington and Stockton Railway, was formally opened by the proprietors, for the use of the publick. It is a single railway of 25 miles in length, and will open the London market to the collieries in the Western part of the county of Durham, as well as facilitate the obtaining of fuel to the country along its line, and the Northern parts of Yorkshire. The line of railway extends from the collieries in a direction nearly from West to East from Witton Park and Etherly, near West Auckland, to Stocktonupon-Tees, with branches to Darlington, Yarm, &c., and is chiefly composed of malleable iron rails. At the Western extremity of the line a deep ravine occurs, at the river Gaundless, on the summit of the hills, on each side of which, permanent steamengines are fixed for the purpose of conveying the goods across the two ridges.

Johanna Southcott, strange as it may seem, The doctrines of that fanatical impostor continue to obtain converts in various parts of the kingdom, particularly of late at Plymouth, where a man named John Wroe has been preaching and enforcing them. Among other things this man intimated that the chief means of obtaining eternal salvation was to wear the beard unshaven, for (said he)" as the beard lengthens, so the faith strengthens." In conformity to this doctrine, several shipwrights in the yard, and others who are among the converted, have refused to allow a razor to touch their

chins, and they may be seen at their daily employ with beards like those of Russian boors, the objects of merriment to their companions, and of pity to the more enlightened.

LONDON AND ITS VICINITY.

The gratifying result of the Quarter's Revenue has surpassed all expectations. The net Revenue in 1824 was 47,900,0921.; in 1825 it was 49,768,7871. In the Customs there is an increase of 2,038,1837.;

GAZETTE PROMOTIONS.

War Office, Sept. 30.-3d Reg. of Foot Guards, Col. Clitherow to be Lieut.-col. vice Rooke.-Lieut.-col. Keate to be Major, with the rank of Col. vice Clitherow.-Unattached: To be Lt.-cols, of In. by purchase: Major Stawell, 12th Light Drag.-Major Arbuthnot, 63d Foot.-To be Major of Infantry: Capt. Hailes from the 8th.

Oct. 7.-12th Light Drag. Capt. Vandeleur to be Major, vice Stawell.-Brevet: Major-gen. Sir Hudson Lowe, K.C.B. to have the local rank of Lieut.-gen. upon the Continent of Europe.-Staff: Brevet Lieut.col. Staveley, Royal Staff Corps, to be Deputy Quartermaster-Gen. to the troops in the Mauritius, vice Nesbitt.-Unattached: Major Valiant, 37th Foot, to be Lieut.-col. of Infantry.

Oct. 11.-Sir J. Campbell, W. H. Mulcaster, esq. and S. Giles, esq. to wear the insignia of a Knight Commander of the Royal Portuguese Military Order of the Tower and Sword.

James Earl of Ormonde and Ossory, and his heirs male, to have the dignity of a Marquess of Ireland, by the title of Marquess of Ormonde.

Ulick John Earl of Clanricarde, and his heirs male, to have the dignity of a Marquess of Ireland, by the title of Marquess of Clanricarde.

Major-gen. John Montagu Mainwaring to be Governor and Commander in Chief of St. Lucia.

ECCLESIASTICAL Preferments.

Rev. C. Davies, Chancellor of Down Cathedral.

Rev. G. Townsend, Preb. of Durham.

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Rev. G. Vanbrugh, Preb. of Timberscombe in Wells Cathedral.

Rev. C. H. Hodgson, Vicar Choral of Salis. bury Cathedral.

Rev. J. Ackroyd, Egmere R. with Holkham V. co. Norfolk.

Rev. W. W. Aldrich, Butley P. C. Suffolk.
Rev. R. Allan, Church and Parish of Little
Dunkeld, co. Perth.

Rev. W. Annesley, North Bovey R. Devon.
Rev. Jas. Baker, Nuneham Courtney R. Ox.
Rev. Edw. Barnard, Alverstoke R. Hants.
Rev. W. Clark, Guisley R. Yorkshire.
Rev. George Day, Bedingham V. Norfolk.
Rev. J. Ellicot, Horu R. co. Rutland.
Rev. Dr. Goddard, Bexley V. co. Lincoln.
Rev. T. Hollway, Partney R. and Spelsby
P. C. co. Linc.

Rev. R. Jefferson, South Kilvington R. co.
York.

Rev. R. Mountain, Havant R. Hants.

Rev. G. Osborne, Stainby with Gunby R. Linc.

Rev. R. Pretyman, Elingdon Wroughton R.
Wilts.

Rev. J. Randall, East Stonehouse R. Devon.
Rev. E. Montagu Salter, Swanton Nowers
R. cum Woodnorton, Norfolk.
Rev. R. Sheppard, Thwaite R. Norfolk.
Rev. J. Surtees, St. Augustin R. Bristol.
Rev. H. Tacy, Swanton Morley R. with
Worthing Chapel annexed, Norfolk.

Rev. A. A. Turnour, Besthorpe V. Norfolk.
Rev. H. F. Vaughan, Myshali R. diocese of
Leighlin and Ferns, Ireland.

Rev. C. P. Vivian, Wellingborough V. Northamptonshire.

Rev. R. Warner, Timberscombe V. Somerset. Rev. C. Woollcombe, Minster and Forrabury CC. Cornwall.

Rev. C. Moore, Rev. Dr. J. Sleath, and Rev. W. Strong, Chaplains in Ord. to the King.

Aug. 6. At Malta, Lady Ross, a son. Sept. 11. At Alexandria, in Piedmont, Madame la Marquise de Faverge, a dau.20. The wife of J. Billingsley Parry, esq. dau. of John Fane, esq. M. P. a dau.—21. The wife of John Barwis, esq. of Kilkenny, a dau.-22. At Bath, the wife of Capt. Elton, a son.-94. At Sheen Cottage, East Sheen, Mrs. J. T. James, of Flitton Vicarage, Bedfordshire, a son.-25. At the Vicarage, Gillingham, the wife of the Rev. Henry Moule. a son.-29. At Charlton Kings, the wife of the Rev. J. Walker, a dau.-At the Grove, Camberwell, the wife of W. A. Urquhart, esq. a son.-30. At Gillingham Vicarage, Kent, the wife of the Rev. Dr. Page, a dau.

Oct. 4. At Brighton, the wife of the Rev. J. S. M. Anderson, a dau.-7. At Edinburgh, the Lady Julian Warrender, a son. -s. Elmham Hall, Norfolk, the Hon. Mrs. Milles, a dau.-9. At Knowsley Hall, the mansion of her ladyship's noble father, the Earl of Derby, the lady of the Earl of Wilton, a son and heir.-10. At Stillington, Yorkshire, the wife of Harry Croft, esq. a son and heir.-The wife of Edward Wigan, esq. of Highbury Terrace, a dau.-11. At Denmark Hill, the wife of C. D. Gordon, esq. a dau.-The wife of H. Boldero, esq. Royal Eng. a son.-12. At the Terrace, Kennington-common, the wife of Thomas Farmer, esq. a dau.-13. At Eaton Hall, Cheshire,