352 REVIEW.-Moreau's East India Company's Records. standing Gough was only able to speak of the armorial bearings on the North side of this tomb, the South, having been but lately exposed by the alteration in the choir, he has in more than one instance given a wrong assignation; nor is the description in Neale's Westminster Abbey, although differing from Gough, wholly free from in accuracy. In the work before us this important information is rectified, and its correctness fully established by a short genealogical table. Mr. Blore expresses himself indebted for this to the antiquarian research of Mr. Willement, author of the " 'Regal Heraldry," a work of far more information than its title would induce one to suppose. It is, however, with other works of this pupil of the late Royal Academician Devis, that we are best acquainted; his unrivalled talent in painting on glass, which combines chronological accuracy with the true taste of pictorial effect; his windows at Tildesley, Maidenhead, Epsom, and Leamington, particularly the first and last (their style quite different) have always struck us as honourable to the arts, and creditable to the judgment of the age. Such was the delight we experienced when viewing these choice imitations of other days, contrasted with the glaring white windows of modern times, that we could dilate with pleasing satisfaction on their details, but that our business is with the Monumental Re mains. The Biographical memoirs of the "moral Gower," the friend from kindred poetic feeling, and similar political sentiments of Chaucer, is written with spirited and much critical discernment. The various opinions on contested parts fairly stated and commented on with strict impartiality, and due justice done to Mr. Gough for his unwearied research, which presented to us for the first time that curious picture of manners, the will of this celebrated poet. Our limits will not allow us to lay before our readers any extracts; but we promise them that they have but to see and be convinced. "It nedith not you more to tellen [Oct. 73. East India Company's Records, found ed on Official Documents, shewing a view of the past and present State of the British Possessions in India, as to the Revenue, Expenditure, Debts, Assets, Trade, and Navigation, to which is added, a variety of Historical, Political, Financial, Commercial, and Critical details from the period of the first Establishment (1600) of the Honourable East India Company, to the present Time (July 1825). The whole carefully Compiled and Arranged from various Authorities. By Ce'sar Moreau, Member of the Royal Institution, Royal Asiatic Society, &c. &c. Oblong folio, pp. 47. Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen. WE scarcely ever recollect to have had under review a more curious production than that now before us. It is a miscellaneous compilation; consisting of a Chronological Table of Events, connected with the possessions of the British Nation in the East Indies; and a series of figured statements, chiefly extracted or framed from documents which have been already before the public in the proceedings of the House of Commons lithographed. We, nevertheless, feel persuaded that no Gentleman who attends to Indian affairs, and collects books in that department of Literature, would choose to be without this work, at least as a Literary curiosity. Its value as an authority or book of reference, must of course depend chiefly on the accuracy of the facts and statements it contains; the thorough investigation of which falls not altogether within our line of practice. Upon a very cursory examination, we have noticed in the Chronological part a few not unimportant omissions, such as the purchase of the site of Madras, and some other of the earlier territorial acquisitions of the Company on the Peninsula: also the omission, under the years 1801 and 1802, of all mention of those arrangements which were then formed between the Company and the Nabob of Oude: particularly as the principle of those arrangements was at the time very much questioned, although the East India Company obtained a considerable augmentation of territory and revenue by them. As a specimen of lithographic penmanship M. Moreau's work is entitled to great praise, and the production of it must have been attended with considerable labour, especially the last con condensed figured statement. The account of the constitution of the Company in England, with which the book concludes, we recollect to have seen some years since in a work compiled and printed, but not published, by Robt. Wissett, esq. a servant of the Company. It is no doubt owing to M. Moreau having relied exclusively on the authority of Mr. Wissett's book, that he describes the Committee of Buying and Warehouses as separate Committees; which they certainly were when that gentleman wrote, but they are now, and have been for several years, united in one. M. Moreau concludes his work by remarking, we believe with truth, that "The East India Company have essentially contributed to the present greatness of the country; that they gave a very early impulse to its manufactures and trade; that in fact they opened a new commerce, not with the East only, but by means of their LITERATURE, Ready for Publication. Part VI. of the Progresses of King James. Sermons and Plans of Sermons on many of the most important Texts of Holy Scripture never before published. By the late JOSEPH BENSON. The Rev. ROBERT HALL'S Sermon on the Death of Dr. Ryland. Memoirs of the late Rev. S. Morell, of Norwich. By the Rev. J. BINNEY, of Newport. A Vindication of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Bible Society, relative to the Apocrypha, against the Aspersions of the "Eclectic Review." The Natural History of the Bible. By T. M. HARRIS, D.D. Phantasmagoria; or Sketches of Life and Literature. Tales of the Wild and the Wonderful : containing the Prediction-The Yellow Dwarf-Der Freischutz-Fortunes of de la Pole and Lord of the Maelstrom. The First Part of a New Work uniform in size to the Percy Anecdotes, entitled, "Laconics, or the best Words of the best Authors," with the Authorities given. The Magistrates' Pocket Book, or an Epitome of the Duties and Practice of a Justice of the Peace out of Sessions, alphabetically arranged. To which is added a copious and general Index. By WILLIAM, ROBINSON, Esq. LL.D. of the Middle Temple. Dr. Grey's Memoria Technica; or, Method of Artificial Memory applied to, and exemplified in, the Sciences of History and GENT. MAG. October, 1825. 353 returns from thence, with foreign Europe; that to all these public benefits is to be added the direct wealth with which the Com pany have been the means of enriching the Nation. The amount of these contributions, consisting of profits enjoyed by manufacturers, ship-builders, and tradesmen, shipowners, officers, servants, and labourers, miforeign parts, &c. ; also in dividends to proners, re-exporters of, eastern productions to prietors, payments to Government, and the influx of private fortunes acquired in India, especially in the last 70 years, may be moderately estimated at one hundred and fifty millions of pounds sterling." LL.D. contains a graduated series of ExLatin Versification Simplified, by J. CAREY, ercises, and is well calculated for soon rendering the young Latinist a proficient in the rules of prosody. There are two volumes; one consists of examples, with the words placed in prosaic order; and the other forms the key, with the verses in regular scansion. SCIENCE, &c. Chronology; together with a New Appendix and Iudex Verborum. Revised, abridged, and adapted to general Use by JOHN HENRY TODD. Literary Souvenir. Containing the production of the most eminent Poets of the day. By ALARIC A. WATTS. The Practical Miner's Guide. By J. BUDGE. The Camisard; or, The Protestants of Languedoc. A Tale. The Secret Correspondence of Madame de Maintenon and the Princess des Ursins; from the original MSS. in the possession of the Duke de Choiseul. A Translation of the Plays of Clara Gazul, a Spanish Comedian. A Comic Poem in the Scottish Dialect, called John o' Aruha'. By the late Mr. GEORGE BEATTIE, with characteristic coloured engravings. A Translation of Travels in Greece, accompanied with Critical and Archaeological Researches, and illustrated by Maps, and upwards of one hundred and fifty splendid Engravings of ancient Monuments recently discovered. By Dr. P. O. BRONSTED, U.H. P.A.S. Knight of the Order of Danebrog. The Fruits of Faith, or Musing Sinner; with Elegies and other moral Poems. By Mr. H. CAMPBELL. Preparing for Publication. P. Virgilii Maronis Bucolica; containing an Ordo and Interlineal Translation accompanying 354 Literature and Science. panying the Text; with References to a Scanning Table, constructed on Musical principles, and exhibiting every variety of Hexameter verse. Intended as an Introduction to the Reading of the Latin Poets. By P. A. NUTTALL, LL.D. Editor of Stirling's Juvenal Interlineally Translated. Moral Hebrew Tales translated from Ancient Hebrew Works; to which will be prefixed, a Popular Essay on the still existing remains of the uninspired Writings of the Ancient Hebrew Sages. By HYMAN HARWITZ, author of Vindicia Hebraica. An Historical View of the Hindu Astronomy, from the earliest dawn of that science in India, down to the present time. By J. BENTLEY, Member of the Asiatic Society. The English-Gaelic and Gaelic-English Dictionary, to which is appended a Grammar of the Gaelic Language. The Narrative of a Tour, by a party of the Missionaries in the Sandwich Islands, around Hawaii (or Owhyhee), the principal of those Islands. By the Rev. W. ELLIS, Missionary from the Society and Sandwich Islands. A Biographical Work, in 4to. assimilat-, ing in plan to Granger's. By Mr. MILLER, the ci-devant Bookseller of Albemarle-street. A New Medical and Surgical Dictionary, including the collateral branches of Philosophy and Natural History, as connected with Materia Medica. By Mr. FORSYTH, Author of the New London Medical Pocket Book, &c. Time's Telescope, for 1826; or a Complete Guide to the Almanack, and the Astronomer's, Botanist's and Naturalist's Guide for the year, interspersed with a variety of Original Pieces by eminent living poets. The Peerless Peer By Mrs. CAREY, Author of "Lasting Impressions." Facts and Fancies, or Mental Diversions. By the Author of " Solace of an Invalid." Characters Contrasted; or, Character modified by Education. By the Author of the "Mirven Family." A new edition of the Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum, by Edward Philips (the nephew of Milton), was printed at Geneva in 1824 by Sir Egerton Brydges. In 1800 Sir E. B. had given a reprint of that portion of this work, which included the poets to the death of Queen Elizabeth: but he never completed the second volume. In the present edition not only all the remaining text of Philips is given, but Philips's words of the former part are repeated. The editor has not again reprinted his own copious additions to his former first volume, and the reason he gives for this is the non-access (in a foreign country) to such English books of reference as would have been necessary to continue it on the same plan. The editor has written a new Preface, [Oct. containing a long dissertation on Poetry; and concluded the volume with many notes, and entire catalogues of English Poets, both dead and living. But since those catalogues were printed, many writers of verse are-or were then lately dead; as Sir Brooke Boothby, bart.; Sir James Bland Burges, bart.; Mrs. Barbauld; Mrs. Franklyn (Miss Porden); Rev. Henry Kett; Rev. Bland; Lord Carlisle. - The oldest and earliest of English versewriters, now living, is John Nichols. Then come Hannah More, Polwhele, Archdeacon Pott, Mathias, Crabbe, and Gifford : and next, the author of this new edition of Philips's Theatrum, whose Sonnets first appeared forty years ago. See Gent. Mag. for 1785. After him we believe comes Samuel Rogers, in 1786. CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD, &c. Some time ago, Dr. Barry, an English physician resident at Paris, read before the Academy of Sciences in that city, a "Memoir on the Motion of the Blood in the Veins;" and Messrs. Cuvier and Demeril, whose names are so well known to the lovers of Natural History, were appointed by the Academy to investigate the subjects, and draw up a Report on the same. These gentlemen lately presented their Report to the Academy, which is highly creditable to our Countryman. The Report commences by alluding to the various opinions which have hitherto been entertained by physiologists with respect to the cause of the motion of the blood in the veins. Thus some have attributed this motion to the action of the heart, others to the pressure of the muscles, and others, again, to an absorbing power in the veins themselves. Amidst this diversity of opinion, however, with respect to the cause of this motion, authors have, in general, agreed in recognising a certain connexion between the motion itself and the act of inspiration; but this connexion was merely looked upon as a coincidence, or, at most, the act of inspiration was esteemed nothing more than an accessory cause of the motion alluded to. In the Memoir presented to the Academy by Dr. Barry, a very different view is taken of these facts, which, in the opinion of this gentleman, are much more intimately connected as cause and effect than has hitherto been supposed. "And, in truth,” the Report proceeds, he has shown, by means of experi'ments entirely new, very ingenious and perfectly conclusive, first, that the blood in the veins is never moved towards the heart but during the act of inspiration; and, secondly, that all the facts known with respect to this motion in man, and the animals which resemble him in structure, may be explained by considering it as the effect of atmospheric pressure." STEAM 1825.] STEAM VESSELS. Literature and Antiquities. A steam-boat of sheet-iron, 'intended for a passage-boat, from Colombia, on the Susquehanna, to Northumberland, is constructing at New York. The boat has sixty feet keel, nine feet beam, and is three feet high -she is composed entirely of sheet iron, riveted with iron rivets; and the ribs are strips of sheet iron; which by their peculiar form are said to possess thrice the strength of the same weight of iron in the square or flat form. The whole weight of iron in the boat, with the wood work, decks, cabin, and steam engine, will be but five tons. The whole cost of the boat and engine will be three thousand dollars. Under the superintendence of the inventor, a steam vessel on an entirely new principle is now building at Bridport Harbour, for which a patent has recently been obtained. This vessel is not to be propelled by paddle wheels, but by the retrograde motion of short flaps, which work horizontally in the sides of the vessel, and are carried by the engine at the rate of 24 feet in a second, on a parallel line with the water. When the flap, or rather fin, has finished its motion, it rises out of the water, returns, dips again into the water, and repeats its operation by rushing through a space of 18 feet along the side of the vessel. The engine itself is equally novel, the boiler being dispensed with, and the steam generated by forcing water into a double barrel, by the heat of which it is instantly converted into steam, having all the advantages of the perpetual boiler without its incumbrance. LA PEROUSE. 355 Captain Manby, recently arrived at Paris, has brought a report, supported by presumptive evidence, that the spot where the intrepid La Perouse perished 40 years ago, English whaler discovered a long and low with his brave crew, is now ascertained. An island, surrounded by innumerable breakers, situated between New Caledonia and New Guinea, at nearly an equal distance from each of these islands. The inhabitants came had a Cross of St. Louis hanging as an or on board the whaler, and one of the chiefs nament from one of his ears. Others of the natives had swords, on which the word "Paris" was engraved, and some were observed to have medals of Louis XVI. When they were asked how they got these things, one of the chiefs, aged about fifty, said that when he was young a large ship was wrecked in a violent gale on a coral reef, and that all on board perished, and that the sea cast some boxes on shore, which contained the Cross of St. Louis and other things. During his voyage round the world, Captain Manby had seen several medals of the same kind, which La Perouse had distributed among the natives of California; and as La Perouse, on his departure from Botany Bay, intimated that he intended to steer for the Northern part of New Holland, and to explore that great archipelago, there is rea son to fear that the dangers already mentioned caused the destruction of that great navigator and his gallant crew. of St. Louis is now on its way to Europe, and will be delivered to Captain Manby.Paris Paper. ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES. HIEROGLYPHIC HERALDRY. The whole science of Heraldry may be pronounced to be a portion of the Egyptian hieroglyphical language, and the only portion of which we have the key. It represents the names of persons, their birth, their family, their titles, their alliances, their great actions, by certain signs, imitative or conventional. Under this point of view, it is capable of much greater improvement than it has yet undergone; and a shield might be practically made to represent (what the Mnemonic art fails effectually to do) a synopsis of biography, chronology, and history. In proof of the above assertion, one fact is ascertained. The Egyptians certainly distinguished their cities and their tribes by armorial banners, of which representations are extant. Thus the standard of Leontopolis was a lion-of Lycopolis, a wolf-of Cynopolis, a dog, &c. &c.; and it may be presumed that individuals were designated in the same manner. Indeed, the nature of The cross the hieroglyphical language seems to require that the names of people should be pictorially represented, as is indeed the case with many instances of modern heraldry; and if a very common oval figure among the hieroglyphics be, as in all probability it was, a shield, the surmise is warranted by the circumstance of figures of animals therein inscribed, among which is often seen the Scarab, said to have been worn on the shields of the Egyptian soldiers. Perhaps the fable of the Chimæra originated in this manner. The lion, goat, and dragon, appear to have been three rebels (subdued by Bellerophon), who were distinguished as the Lyonses are now a-days, and the Dracos and Capruses were formerly, by corresponding crests. The Indians, even now, call each other by similar primitive distinctions, as bear, wolf, dog; and of such aboriginal distinctions, the names of Wolf, Lion, Fox, Buck, Hog, among ourselves, are evidently relicks. The words cyon, chien, and canis, have been derived from the priests of Anu bis, who were called coen; or from cnu, Mercury himself; Cumming, Canning, Cynang, King, are all traceable to the same root, implying wisdom. The pictorial manner in which many well-known family names are represented in heraldry, is precisely that in which they must have been, and no doubt were, depicted in the hieroglyphical language. : That a similar process for expressing names was employed by the Egyptians, is clear for two of the individuals, in the procession represented in Belzoni's tomb, are characterized by two heraldic distinctions, viz. tench and lapwings, the sound of which, in Coptic, was, beyond a doubt, their names. The truth is, that as the whole science of Heraldry is traceable to the Egyptians, so is, in fact, a great proportion of the heraldic characters now employed; and even the tints to which the heralds limit themselves are the same as those to which the Egyptian artists were limited; and were in fact the sacred colours, common at once to the Egyptian, Jewish, Brahmin, and Chaldean priesthood. The patera, the cross, the mullet, the crescent, the dragon, the griffins, the winged horses, the mermen, are all noted Egyptian emblems, of which the third (the mullet) somewhat resembles the Magian pentoglyph, used by necromancers, and adopted, with the legend "health," by Antiochus, as his ensign. So the billet and the distaff, conferred on Hugh Despencer for cowardice, are of Egyptian original. The hammer of the two families, Mallets and Martels, and which is often seen arranged in threes on Saxon coins, is derivable, either from that of the Saxon god Thor, or from the sacred Tau of the Phoenician, as well as the Egyptian priesthood. The combined heraldic figure composed of a star and a crescent, is also an Egyptian hieroglyphic. This, which by all heralds is considered as a sign of the first bearer having fought under the red cross, the crusaders doubtlessly borrowed from similar armorial bearings of the Saracens and Arabs. Indeed, the Christian cross itself (i. e. a cross, with the lower member prolonged), as well as those crosses which are distinguished by the names of St. George and St. Andrew, is frequently seen among the hieroglyphics. The lance-rest, represented as in Heraldry, and the bridle, appear among the sculptures in the temple of Tentyra. Drops of water, among the symbolic writers, were expressed in the same shape as in the gouttes of Heraldry; and when coloured of the sacred red (in heraldry, Gules), as they appear in the tomb of Psammis, doubtlessly implied the same thing, viz. drops of blood. The scaling-ladders and crenated battlements of heraldry are frequently to be seen in the Egyptian temples. A sceptre of the most modern kind, surmounted with fleurs an [Oct. de lis, is observed. The baronial coronet, with balls, is also to be seen. Indeed, the coronet of Memnon (at the British Museum), composed of erect serpents and balls, is a near example. So are the Bishop's mitre and the crosier, both of which are occasionally carried by Osiris. The pedum is admitted Egyptian symbol, derived through St. Anthony, the Coptic ascetic, to the Christian episcopacy. The crosskeys of St. Peter himself belonged to Horus, Mithra, and Hecate, and are of Egyptian invention; from Egypt they descended to the Druids, a cognate branch of the Magian and Memphian priesthood. The symbol of the first Christians was indeed a fish, and thence they were called Pisciculi. The most leading symbol of Heraldry, a dragon, was that which figured most among the hieroglyphics. To this source may be traced the famous Urgunda of the Mexicans, the great serpent depicted on the Chinese banner, and the sea-snake of the Scandinavians. It became a substitute, after Trajan's Dacian war, for the eagle of the Romans, and passed from them to several European nations. But among none was it so great a favourite as among our British progenitors. It was the banner of the Mercian, East Anglian and West Saxon Kings. It was borne by Cadwallo and the Kings of Wales, from whom it descended to Henry VII. and by him it was introduced into the English arms. It was the favourite symbol of the Druids, who built their great temple of Abury in the form of a winged serpent; and, like the Orientals, represented the struggle of good and evil in the universe, under the form of two dragons contending for an egg. It was afterwards introduced into the armorial bearings of London and Dublin. According to the heralds, it was borne by the Milesian Kings of Ireland; and, during the crusades, was considered as the symbol of the whole British nation. EGYPTIAN SARCOPHAGUS. Within these few years Egyptian antiquities have become a principal object of trade at Marseilles, where they are very abundant, and whence was obtained the magnificent sarcophagus from Alexandria, which has since reached Paris. This monument is eight feet in length, about two and a half in height, and three and a half in its greatest breadth; it is a little narrow towards the feet, and terminates in a square edge on the end, while, on the contrary, it becomes round at the opposite extremity; that is, at the end near the head. The upper part is surrounded by a large border of hieroglyphics, and is separated from the lower part, on each of the four fronts, by a carved streak or broad line; a carving of the same description supports and surrounds the figures which form the engravings on the body of the sarcophagus, and are in the proportion of |