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ABERCROMBY, Sir Ralph, K.B., Eldest son of George of Tullibody,
advocate and judge. Born at Menstrie, Clackmannanshire; studied at
Rugby and Edinburgh; entered 3rd Dragoon Guards as cornet, 1756;
lieutenant, 1760; major, 1770; lieut.-col., 1773; major-general, 1787;
accompanied Duke of York to Holland, 1793 (and also in 1799); com-
manded in West Indies, 1795-7; in Ireland, 1798; Chief of the Expedi
tion against the French in Egypt, 1801, and fell, mortally wounded, at
Aboukir, 21st March of that year, dying seven days later, aged 67. Lady
Abercromby created a Baroness, with pension, and remainder to heir-male
of General. Monument to Sir Ralph, voted by Parliament, set up in St.
Paul's Cathedral. (See Memoir of Sir Ralph, 1793-1801, by son, Lord
Dunfermline, 1862.)
ABERCROMBY, Alexander, Lord, Brother of the preceding, second
son of George of Tullibody. Studied at Edinburgh University; passed
advocate, 1766; Sheriff of Stirlingshire, 1780; raised to the Bench, 1792;
contributed to Mirror and Lounger. Died at Exmouth, Devon, aged 50.
ABERCROMBY, Sir Robert, K.G.C.B., Brother of preceding, and
third son of George of Tullibody. Entered army as ensign, 1758, and
served that year at Ticonderaga; North America, 1776-83; colonel of
75th Regiment, 1787; India, 1788; governor and commander-in-chief,
Bombay, 1790-97; staff of N. Britain, 1797; governor of Edinburgh
Castle, on death of Lord Adam Gordon, August, 1801; held that appoint-
ment for 25 years, and died at Airthrey, Perthshire, aged about 87, the
oldest general in the service.
ABERCROMBY, Right Hon. James, Speaker of House of Commons.
(See Lord Dunfermline.)
ABERCROMBIE, John, M.D., Physician and author. Born at Aber-
deen; studied there and in Edinburgh; commenced practice as a physician,
1803, and on death of Dr. Gregory, 1821, became the most popular con-
sulting physician in that city. Applying his medical experience to mental
and moral philosophy, Dr. A. published "Inquiries respecting the Intel-
lectual Powers," 1830; "Philosophy of the Moral Feelings," 1833; and
various lesser works up to his death, in Edinburgh, at the age of 64.
ABERCROMBIE, John, Horticultural author. Born near Edinburgh;
proceeded to London, where he obtained employment in the royal gardens.
Published "The Universal Gardener and Botanist," 1778, and many
other kindred works. Died at Somertown, London, aged 80.
ABERCROMBIE, Patrick, Physician and historian. Born at Forfar;
studied medicine at St. Andrews; embraced Roman Catholicism and be-
came physician to James VII.; travelled some years abroad, and after
returning devoted himself chiefly to the study of Scottish antiquities.
Principal work-"The Martial Achievements of the Scots Nation," vol.
1, 1711, vol. 2, 1715; also wrote "Memoirs of the Family of Aber-
cromby." Date of death uncertain.
ABERDEEN, George Hamilton Gordon, Earl of, Son of George,
Lord Haddo, and grandson of George, third Earl. Born in Edinburgh;
studied at Harrow and Cambridge; fourth Earl, 1801; travelled in
Greece, and founded the Athenian Society; representative peer, 1806;
special mission to Vienna, 1813; with the army at Lutzen and Leipsic;
created Viscount Gordon, in peerage of United Kingdom, 1814; Secretary
for Foreign Affairs, 1828-30, and 1841-46; Prime Minister, Dec. 1852-55;
married (1), 1805, Lady Catherine Elizabeth, daughter of Marquis of
Abercorn; (2), 1815, Harriet, daughter of Hon. John Douglas; wrote
"Inquiry into Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture." Died in
London, aged 76.
ABERNETHY, John, Surgeon. Born at Abernethy; apprenticed in
London to Sir Charles Blick, and became afterwards the pupil and friend
of John Hunter; assistant-surgeon at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1787;
at Christ's Hospital, 1813; and Professor of Anatomy and Surgery to
College of Surgeons, 1814; wrote "Observations on the Constitutional
Origin and Treatment of Local Diseases," 1806. Died at Enfield, aged 68.
ACHAIAS (or Eochas), a reputed king of Scotland, celebrated for having
entered into a league with Charlemagne, and added, in consequence, the
double-field sown with lilies to the national arms.
ADAIR, James M., Physician. Born in Inverness; studied medicine;
practised in Antigua, and became one of the judges there. Wrote several
professional tracts. Died at Ayr, aged 73.
ADAM, James, Lord, Senator of the College of Justice, son of James
Adam, S.S.C.; educated at Edinburgh University; passed advocate,
1849; advocate-depute, 1858-66-74; Sheriff of Perthshire, 1874-76;
raised to the Bench, 1876; Lord of Justiciary, 1876.
ADAM, Alexander, LL.D. Born at Rafford, Elgin; educated at Edin-
burgh University; master of Watson's Hospital, 1761; Rector of Edin-
burgh High School, 1768-1809. Wrote "Roman Antiquities" and other
classical works. Died, aged 68.
ADAM, Rt. Hon. General Sir Frederick, Son of Chief-Commissioner
Adam; entered army; distinguished himself in Peninsula; wounded at
Waterloo; Chief Commissioner of Ionian Islands, and Governor of
Madras.
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ADAM, James, Architect; master mason to Board of Ordinance in North
Britain; designed Portland Place, London, and (in conjunction with
Robert) Adelphi Buildings, Strand.
ADAM, Robert, Architect, second son of William of Maryburgh, also an
architect. Born at Kirkcaldy; studied in Edinburgh, and travelled in
Italy; architect to the king, 1762; M.P. for Kinross, 1768; designed
Register House and University, Edinburgh; Glasgow Royal Infirmary;
Sion House, Middlesex, and added largely to Hopetoun House and Melville
Castle; Published "Plans and Elevations," by R. and J. Adam. Died,
aged 64, and buried in Westminster Abbey.
ADAM, Rev. Robert. Born in Udny, Aberdeenshire; educated there,
and sent later to Oxford, 1770; minister of Blackfriars' Wynd Episcopal
Chapel, Edinburgh; afterwards at St. Croix and Barbadoes. Wrote
"The Religious World Displayed," 1806. Died at Tobago, aged 56.
ADAM, Scotus, Doctor of the Sorbonne, and canon regular of the Order
Premonstratenses; educated at Lindisfarne, taught school divinity in
Paris, and wrote, in retirement, at Durham, Lives of St. Columbanus
and David I., King of Scotland.
July. 21, ADAM, Rt. Hon. William, Chief Commissioner of Jury Court, son of
John of Blairadam; educated at Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Oxford;
passed advocate, 1773; sat as M.P. for Gatton, Stranraer, Elgin, and
Ross-shire, 1774-90; Privy Councillor, 1815; founded Blair-Adam Club,
1816; President of New Jury Court, 1816; raised to the Bench, 1830;
retired, 1833. Died in Edinburgh, aged 87.
ADAM, Rt. Hon. William-Patrick, M.P., Son of the late Admiral
Sir Charles Adam, K.C.B.; called to the English bar; has represented
the counties of Kinross and Clackmannan since 1859; a Lord of the Trea-
sury, 1865-6, and 1868-73; Privy Councillor, 1873; First Commissioner
of Works, 1873-74.
ADAMS, Jean, Poetess, and reputed author of "There's nae luck about
the house." Born at Cartsdyke, Greenock; teacher in a day school there;
travels for a time with a pack; publishes "Miscellany Poems;" dies in
destitution the day after being admitted as a "stranger" into Glasgow
Town Hospital.
ADAMSON, Henry, Poet. Born at Perth; educated for the Church; and
published, in 1638, "Muses Threnodie, with a Description of Perth and
an Account of the Gowry Conspiracy."
ADAMSON, Archbishop Patrick (or Constan.) Born at Perth;
educated at Grammar School there, and at St. Andrews; minister of Ceres,
1563; in Paris, 1566; minister of Paisley, 1575; accepts Episcopal orders,
and is made Archbishop of St. Andrews, 1576; disputes with General
Assembly during that and following years. Published a "Recantation,"
and various religious treatises.
AGNEW, Sir Andrew, Seventh baronet of Lochnaw. Born in Kinsale,
Ireland; succeeded to Galloway estates, 1809; studied at Edinburgh and
Oxford; M.P. for Wigton county, 1830-37; leads the Sabbatarian party
in the House, and introduces bills yearly for the "better observance" of
the day of rest; strenuously opposes the running of trains on Sundays over
lines in which he was concerned as a shareholder; supports Free Church
claims, and takes part in Assembly business, chiefly in connection with
Sabbath controversies. Died at Edinburgh, aged 56.
AIDAN, a Dalriadic king, who ascended the throne about 575, and is said
to have reigned from twenty-four to thirty-four years. Died in Kintyre at
an advanced age.
AIDAN, Bishop of Lindisfarne; monk of Iona; missionary of Northumber-
land; protected and encouraged by King Oswald. Died at Lindisfarne,
and buried there.
AIKMAN, William, Painter. Born at Cairney; travelled on Continent
for instruction in art, and afterwards painted many portraits, once highly
esteemed. Died, aged 49; buried in Greyfriars, Edinburgh.
AILSA, Archibald, First Marquis of, and Twelfth Earl of Cassillis.
Raises an independent company of Foot, 1790; succeeded his father,
Archibald, 1794, and chosen a representative peer; Baron Ailsa of Ailsa,
1806; Marquis of Ailsa, 1831. Died, aged 77.
AILSA, Marquis of. (See Cassillis and Kennedy.)
AINSLIE, Hew, Poet, Born at Bargeny Mains, Dailly, Ayrshire;
educated partly at home, and at Ballantrae and at Ayr Academy;
studies law for a short time in Glasgow, but returns to his father's house
at Roslin, and obtains employment in the Register House, where he re-
mained till 1822; sails in the summer of that year for the United States,
and travels as an agent for factories and breweries in the Western portion
of the Union. Published "A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns," 1820;
"Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems,” 1855. Died at Louisville, aged 86.
AINSLIE, Robert, Friend and correspondent of Burns; passed as Writer
to Signet, 1789; author of two small religious books, and of various con-
tributions to Edinburgh Magazine. Died, aged 72.
AIRD, Miss Marion Paul, Authoress of songs and sacred verses, and niece of the poet Hamilton Paul. Born in Glasgow, where she resided for some years, but latterly removed to Kilmarnock. Published "The Home of the Heart and Other Poems," 1846; "Heart Histories," 1853; and an "Immortelle" on the late Prince Consort. Miss Aird wrote the popular Sunday school hymn, "Had I the wings of a dove, I would fly." Aug. 28, AIRD, Thomas, Poet. Born at Bowden, Roxburghshire; educated there, at Melrose, and at Edinburgh University; contributed poetry and prose to Blackwood; republished, 1848-56; editor, Edinburgh Weekly Journal;
published "Religious Musings," 1827; editor of Dumfries Herald,
1835-63; published, also, "Memoir of Dr. Moir," 1852. Died at Castle-
bank, Dumfries, aged 73. (See Wallace's "Memoir," 1878.)
AIRLIE, Earl of. (See Ogilvy.)
Mar. 25, AITKEN, John, Editor of Constable's Miscellany. Born at Camelon,
Stirlingshire. Died, aged 40.
AITON, William, Botanist. Born near Hamilton; keeper of Kew
Gardens, 1759; published "Hortus Kewensis," 3 vols., 1789. Died,
aged 62.
ALBANY, Alexander, Third Duke of, Second son of James II.;
warden of the east marches; assists English troops to invade Scotland,
1482; relieves the king from Edinburgh Castle, and afterwards retires to
France. Accidentally killed at tournament in Paris.
ALBANY, John, Fourth Duke of, Son of preceding; Governor of Scot-
land, 1515; declared heir to the throne, 1516; retires to France, but re-
turns to Scotland, December, 1521; again retires and returns, 1523;
enters Northumberland, and makes an unsuccessful attack on Ward Castle.
Died at Mirefleur, aged 55.
ALBANY, Murdoch, Second Duke of, Succeeded his father as Regent May 25,
of Scotland; secures release of King James I. from captivity in England,
and places him in the throne at coronation, 1424. Charged with treason
at Stirling, found guilty, and executed with various relatives.
ALBANY, Robert, First Duke of, Third son of Robert II., by Elizabeth
Mure, of Rowallan; styled also Earl of Fife and Menteith; governor of
Scotland, 1389; defended Edinburgh Castle against Henry IV. of Eng-
land, 1400; concerned in death of Duke of Rothesay, 1402; taken
prisoner at Homeldon Hill; leads force across Border, 1403; confirmed
in Regency, 1406; despatches force to Harlaw, against Donald of the
Isles, who is defeated, 1411; son Murdoch, prisoner in England, exchanged
for Henry Percy; besieged Roxburgh, 1417; died at Stirling, aged 81.
Buried in Dunfermline.
ALEXANDER, Col. Claud, of Ballochmyle, M.P., eldest son of the late
Boyd Alexander; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; major
and colonel in the Grenadier Guards, with which he served in the Crimean
War; chosen to represent South Ayrshire, 1874.
ALEXANDER I., King, Fourth son of Malcolm Canmore and Queen
Margaret; succeeded to throne 1107; maintains peace with England, and
founds bishopric of St. Andrews; chastises the northern Maormars; re-
sists claim of superiority set by See of York, 1109; founds monastery of
Inchcolm, 1123. Died at Stirling, aged about 46. Buried at Dunfermline.
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