138

Seven Dials.-University College.

buried some very notable persons-Lord Herbert, of Cherbury; George Chapman, the translator of Homer, to whose memory his friend Inigo Jones provided a monument; Sir Roger L'Estrange; Andrew Marvell; Richard Penderell, who assisted the escape of Charles II. (his tomb is in the churchyard); and the Duchess Dudley.

NEW OXFORD STREET, a short street in continuation of Oxford Street and High Holborn, runs through part of the notorious old "rookery of St. Giles." It was opened in 1847. A portion of the old buildings may still be seen in a dirty slum leading from the recently re-christened Dyot Street, but which, bad as it is, must be infinitely better than the Gin Lane and Beer Street which Hogarth drew from this neighbourhood, even as he portrayed the Idle Apprentice apprehended for murder in a St. Giles's night-cellar, and the St. Giles's charity-boy as the Tom Nero of his Four Stages of Cruelty. The gallows was removed from the Elms at Smithfield to St. Giles's-then a wayside village, noted chiefly for its early inns and houses of entertainment. Sir John Oldcastle, after being drawn from the Tower hither, was here hanged and burnt. From the Seven Dials, St. Giles's, issued the yards of songs for one penny which Pitts and Catnach published and made fortunes by. The Seven Dials were planned and built for wealthy tenants by a noted architect in the time of Charles II., but the number of clock faces is now reduced to two, and the name is sometimes corrupted to the Seven Gileses by the Malaprops of the locality. Gay described the intricacies of this district, which so many tired pedestrians have since verified—

"Here to seven streets seven dials count their day,
And from each other catch the circling ray;

Here oft the peasant with inquiring face
Bewildered trudges on from place to place,
Tries every winding court and street in vain,
And doubles o'er his weary steps again."

Monmouth Street, named after the hero of Sedgemoor, whose mansion was in Soho Square, was long famous for its shops for old clothes, second-hand boots, and underground cellars. It is now called Dudley Street. All this locality has been much altered by pulling down houses for the two new streets, Shaftesbury Avenue and Charing Cross Street, leading to Piccadilly Circus.

We will now return to New Oxford Street. Bloomsbury Street leads by Charlotte Street into Bedford Square, and beyond through Gower Street into the Euston Road.

University College, London (sometimes mistaken for the University of London, an entirely different institution, see p. 113), is situated on the east side of Gower Street. It was founded by Lord Brougham and others (1826) to afford at a moderate cost the means of a high educational training-fitting students for taking their degrees at the University of London. University College School is for lads up to the age

NEW OXFORD ST.

NEW OXFORD IST.

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ESTABLISHED 1819.

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