CHAPTER XXVIII.

MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND WRITERS, JOURNALS AND JOURNALISTS.

William Shippen - Adam Kuhn-Benjamin Rush Thomas Bond - American Metropolis of Education - Medical School united with the University - New Edifice - Jefferson Medical College - The Pennsylvania Medical College - Philadelphia College of Medicine - Homœopathic College, &c. — Female Medical College-Philadelphia College of Pharmacy-College of Physicians and Surgeons Benjamin Rush - James Rush - Nathaniel Chapman - Philip Syng Physick — Samuel Jackson - Robley Dunglison — Richard J. Dunglison-Benjamin Smith Barton-William P. C. BartonJohn Bartram - William Bartram John Syng Dorsey - William Potts Dewees-John Godman - William E. Horner-J. M. Allen-Thomas C. James John Eberle George McLellan - Charles Delucena Meigs John Forsyth Meigs-Samuel George Morton - Henry Stuart PattersonHenry H. Smith-Alfred Stillé-W. W. Gerhard-Thomas D. Mitchell - John Bell-Thomas Mutter-Robert E. Rogers - Samuel D. GrossGeorge B. Wood - Journals and Journalists.

PENNSYLVANIA has the honor of having established the

first medical school in America. It originated in a course of lectures delivered by Dr. William Shippen, who was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Obstetrics. Dr. John Morgan was appointed Professor of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine; Dr. Adam Kuhn was made Professor of Botany; Dr. Benjamin Rush, Professor of Chemistry; and Dr. Thomas Bond, Professor of Clinical Medicine. This school, thus founded, early obtained the first rank in eminence; and its successors have well maintained the honor which it acquired under its original faculty. Under such medical men as Rush, Physick, Barton, Jackson, Chapman, James, Wistar, Dewees, Dorsey, McLellan, Gibson, Dunglison, Horner, Eberle, Revere, Patterson, Smith, Meigs, Godman, Morton, and others, Philadelphia became entitled to the well-known and well-merited

appellation of "The American Metropolis of Medical Education." This school became incorporated as an integral part of the University of Pennsylvania in 1791; and, under the charter of the institution, its medical diplomas have always been given. Its new edifice is similar to the main building of the university, already described in chapter twenty-fifth, although it has dinstinctive architectural features. In the basement is the laboratory; on the first floor, two large lecture-rooms; on the second, a general museum, and an amphitheatre for six hundred students; and, on the third, room for the study of operative surgery, and for dissection.

THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE was established and chartered in 1825, after a long and sharp contest with the special friends of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, the bitterness and agony of which need not here be repeated. Dr. George McLellan, the eminent surgeon, was the principal agent in founding this school. It soon became very prosperous; and its pupils outnumbered those of the university. The college building, on Tenth Street, between Chestnut and Walnut, has been several times enlarged to accommodate its great number of students. A museum connected with this school stands in the rear of the college, amply provided with material for illustrating the various branches.

THE PENNSYLVANIA MEDICAL COLLEGE was erected in 1849. The design was by the architect of Girard College. It is a beautiful and spacious edifice, situated near the Pennsylvania Hospital, on Ninth, near Locust Street. It was given up, for want of patronage, about 1860.

PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE was chartered in 1847, with all the rights, privileges, and immunities granted to other medical colleges in the State. It prospered for a time, but finally became the property of a single professor, who employed the other lecturers. It died in 1855.

These four old-school, regularly chartered medical colleges were in operation in Philadelphia at the same time. There existed also, at that period, an indefinite number of medical colleges, under a variety of names, among which were, the "HOMOEOPATHIC COLLEGE," the "ECLECTIC COLLEGE," the

"THOMSONIAN COLLEGE," the "PENN MEDICAL COLLEGE," the "PENN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY," &c. Some of these schools have been recently charged with selling diplomas to persons not qualified to practise medicine; and it is said their charters have been abrogated.

THE FEMALE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA was founded in 1849. It is a regularly chartered college, embracing all the various branches of medical science, and authorized to confer the degree of Doctor in Medicine upon all women who have taken a full course of lectures, and sustained a regular examination. The faculty of this college, comprised of both men and women, are regularly graduated from medical schools, and competent to fill the chairs in any medical college in our land. The course of instruction, from the commencement, comprised six branches; viz., Anatomy and Physiology, Principles and Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, and Diseases of Women and Children, Surgery, and the Institutes of Medicine, Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Chemistry.

THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY was established in 1811, and incorporated in 1822, "to obviate a departure from the correct customs and established principles of the drug and apothecary business, to direct attention to the qualities of articles brought into the drug market, to secure the discussion of subjects relating to the business, and communicate information beneficial and interesting to the trade, and to create a school of pharmacy, in which lectures should be delivered expressly for the instruction of druggists and apothecaries."

THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS is located at the north-east corner of Thirteenth and Locust Streets. Thomas Mutter, M.D., LL.D., late Professor of Surgery in Jefferson Medical College, donated to this College a sum sufficient to erect this building, together with his library. The college was chartered 1789, for the purpose, as stated in the document, "to advance the science of medicine, and therefore lessen human misery, by investigating the diseases and remedies peculiar to this country." It is composed of fellows, or members, who are practitioners in the city, and such associates as they may elect without the limits of the city, or from abroad.

They publish a quarterly, which is esteemed a very valuable work by the profession. Their meetings are entertaining, and discussions useful.

MEDICAL WRITERS.

BENJAMIN RUSH, M.D., was one of the earliest, if not the earliest, of these. His principal works were collected into seven volumes, by his direction, and have been of much service to the medical world.

JAMES RUSH, Son of the preceding, was noted for his work on "The Human Voice."

NATHANIEL CHAPMAN, M.D., published two octavo volumes, entitled "Elements of Therapeutics and Materia Medica; also five volumes, octavo, of select speeches, &c.

PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK, M.D., was a student of the celebrated John Hunter, and a graduate of the University of Edinburgh. He published many articles in the various physical and medical journals of the day. His son-in-law, J. Randolph, M.D., published a biographical sketch of Dr. Physick, in 1839.

SAMUEL JACKSON published "Principles of Medicine,” an octavo volume, in 1832, " Discourse commemorative of Nathaniel Chapman," and occasionally medical essays.

ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., LL.D., was Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence in Jefferson Medical College, from 1836 to 1858. His contributions to medical literature were many and valuable; and his "Physiology and "Lexicon" take rank as medical classics in our language. RICHARD J. DUNGLISON, M.D., his son, has arranged and edited, and Lindsay and Blakiston have published, "A History of Medicine from the Earliest Ages to the Nineteenth Century," originally written by Robley Dunglison.

BENJAMIN SMITH BARTON, an eminent physician, botanist, and philologist, was born at Lancaster, Penn. He obtained his medical degree at Göttingen; became connected with the University in 1789, and continued to occupy the chair of Natural History and Botany until his death, in 1815. At the death of Dr. Rush, in 1813, he was appointed his successor to the chair of the Practice of Physic. He was taught to draw by Major