A

ALA

LABAMA, case of the, 61

America, United States of. See
United States

Armed Neutrality.-First, its doctrine
as to contraband, 106; as to enemy's
goods in neutral vessels, 140; as to
blockade, 149 n.

Second, its doctrine as to contra-
band, 110; as to enemy's goods in
neutral vessels, 141; as to blockade,
149 n; as to visit of convoyed ves-
sels, 173

Austria, neutrality ordinance of 1803,

65, 73, 84 n; practice as to what
constitutes contraband, 116 n
Asylum, to land forces of belligerent,
82; to his naval forces, 83

ASE of operations, when a neutral
state is used as one, 57; and when
not, 61

Bassompierre, Maréchal de, English list
of contraband according to the, 100;
English usage as to neutral goods in
enemy's ships, 166

Belgium, refusal of passage by, to
wounded, after battle of Sedan, 53
Belligerents, origin of their right to
interfere with neutral trade, 18; car-
riage of persons in the service of,
131; carriage of goods belonging to,
in neutral ships, 135; carriage of
neutral goods by, 164; convoy of
neutrals by, 181
Bernard, Mr., on the twenty-four hours
rule, 85

Bismarck, Count, remonstrances against
English trade in contraband, 23, 116-
119; on belligerent right of using
neutral property for warlike pur-
poses, 188
Blockade, commercial, 89; authority
under which a blockade is established,
144; what is sufficient maintenance,

CAL

145; when blockade ceases, 147;
doctrine of United States as to effect
of occupation by a belligerent of a
place blockaded by him, 147 n; how
a neutral becomes affected with know-
ledge of a blockade, 150; blockade
by notification, 152, 156; de facto,
153, 156; effect of cessation of block-
ade, 156; exit from blockaded port,
157; what constitutes breach of
blockade, 159; penalty of breach, 161:
avoidance of blockade by inland
navigation, 162; entry from distress
into blockaded port, ib.; entry of
ships of war, ib.; blockade of river
partly in neutral territory, 163
Bluntschli, M., on the legal value of
treaties, 8 n; on loans by neutrals to
belligerent states, 49; on vessels
equipped in neutral territory, 69 n;
whether prizes can be admitted into
neutral ports, 75 n; on the twenty-
four hours rule, 85 n; on contraband,
112, 122 n; on convoy, 174 n
Boscawen, Admiral, pursues a French

squadron into Portuguese waters, 34
Brougham, Lord, on relation of belli-

gerent states and neutral individuals,
18 n; on convoy, 176
Burnet, Bishop, French levies in Eng-
land, 31

Bynkershoek, Who are neutrals, 35;
whether a neutral may help an ally,
39; on levies in a neutral country,
40; on contraband, 104

CAP

United States with respect to block-
ade, 154 n

Captor, duties of a, 184

Capture, for what reasons it takes place,

124, 128, 152, 157, 160, 179, 183
Cargo, penal consequences to, in case of
breach of blockade, 161; of resistance
to visit, 179

Cass, Mr., on commercial blockades,
90 n

Chesapeake, case of the, 76

Clothing, whether contraband, 121
Coal, restrictions on supply of, to belli-
gerent ships in English ports, 58 n;
in ports of United States, 59 n;
whether contraband, 118
Commission, conclusive evidence as to
public national character of a vessel,
63; effect of grant of, to a vessel pre-
viously fitted out, or captured in vio-
lation of neutrality, 79 and ib. n
Conquest, whether it puts an end to
blockade of the territory conquered,

147 n

Consolato del Mare, its rule as to

enemy's goods in neutral ships, 136;
as to neutral goods in enemy's ships,
165
Contraband, Grotius upon, 95; practice
with respect to, in the xvii. cent., 99;
treaties with respect to, 99 n, 100 n,
108 n, 109 n, 110 n, 111 n, 116 n,
123 n; practice in the xviii. cent.,
101; Heineccius upon, 104; Bynker-
shoek upon, ib.; Vattel upon, 105;
Valin upon, ib.; practice in the xix.
cent., 109; Ortolan upon, 112;
Bluntschli upon, ib.; Heffter upon,
113; whether limited to munitions
of war, 114; classification of objects
included in it, 115; horses, saltpetre,
and sulphur, ib.; materials of naval
construction, 117; ships, 118; coal,
ib.; provisions, 119; clothing, money,
and metals, 121; penalties affecting,
122; effect of, on vessel carrying it,
124; on innocent goods in the same
vessel, 125

Convoy whether convoyed ships can be
visited, 169-76; treaties as to, 172-
174 n; effect of resistance by neutral
convoy, 180; by belligerent convoy,

FLO

124; on enemy's goods in neutral
vessels, 142

De Martens, on neutral state duty,
43; on the right of a belligerent to
seize neutral property within his
jurisdiction for his warlike purposes,

187 n

Denmark, dispute with Great Britain
as to seizure of Swedish vessels at
Oster Risoer, 24; loan of troops to
Russia under treaty, 39, 49; rule as to
admission of prizes into her ports when
neutral, 75n; practice with regard
to contraband, 103, 106, 110; joins
the First Armed Neutrality, 106; prac-
tice with regard to enemy's goods in
neutral vessels, 140, 141, 143; as to
notification of blockade, 154 n; dis-
pute with England as to visit of con-
voyed ships, 172; controversy with
the United States as to neutral
vessels under belligerent convoy, 181
Despatches, carriage of, for a bellige-
rent, 128; to or from diplomatic
agents in a belligerent country, ib.
Duclair, sinking of English ships at,

188

ENEMY ships, enemy goods, doctrine

of, introduced by France, 165;
adopted by Dutch as an equivalent
for free ships, free goods, 166; prac-
tice of the xviii. cent., 167; given up
by France, 168

Engines, marine, whether contraband,
117

England. See Great Britain
Expedition, what constitutes an, 59

FLORIDA, case of the, 76

FLO

France, outfit of privateers in the
United States, 24; levies in England,
31; loans of regiments to Holland,
31; dispute with England in 1777,
as to American privateers, 42;
neutrality law, 67; rule as to admis-
sion of prizes into her ports when
neutral, 75 n; Ordonnance of 1584,
136, 165; Réglement of 1650, 166;
Ordonnance of 1681, 101, 108, 157,
166; Réglement of 1704, 94, 101, 139,
167, 184; of 1744, 94, 139, 157, 184;
of 1778, 139, 167, 184; practice with
regard to what constitutes contraband
in the xvii. cent., 101; in the xviii.
cent., ib., 106, 107; in the xix. cent.,
108, 115, 118; with regard to penalty,
123; to enemy's goods in neutral
ships, 137, 139, 142, 143; as to noti-

FRA

fication of blockade, 151; as to exit
of vessels lying in a port at commence-
ment of its blockade, 157; as to what
acts constitute a breach of blockade,
159; as to neutral goods in enemy's
ships, 165, 168; as to ships captured
for destruction &c. of papers, 183
Fraudulent acts, operate to condemn
vessel carrying contraband, 125;
spoliation of papers and provision
of false documents, 183
Free ships, free goods, doctrine of, its
first appearance, 136; the Dutch its
true promoters, 138; France becomes
its advocate, 139; the Armed Neu-
tralities, 140; the Declaration of Paris,
143

Freya, case of the, 172

Genêt, M., his attempt to violate the

neutrality of the United States, 44
Geneva, tribunal of arbitration at,
doctrines advanced by the United
States before the, 23, 57, 79; opinion
of Count Sclopis and Baron Itajuba
as to revocability of the privilege of
extra-territoriality accorded to foreign
public vessels, 79 n.
Georgia, case of the, 61
Germany. See Prussia

Goods, belligerent in neutral vessels,
135; practice of the middle ages,
136; of the xvii. cent., ib.; of the
xviii. cent., 139; modern, 142
- Neutral in belligerent vessels, 164;
practice in the middle ages, 165;
in the xvii. cent., 166; in the
xviii. cent., 167; modern, 168
Graham, Sir J.; naval stores contra-
band according to English doctrine,
117 n.

Great Britain, treaties for supply of
troops, 38; dispute with France in
1777 as to American privateers, 41;
regulations with respect to supply of
coal to ships of war, 58 n; conduct
of with respect to Portuguese expedi-
tion to Terceira, 59; Foreign En-
listment Act, 67; rule as to admission
of prizes to her ports when neutral,
75 n; practice as to what constituted
contraband in xvii. cent., 100; in
xviii. cent., 102; in xix. cent., 110,
115, 117, 118, 119; as to penalties,
122; as to enemy's goods in neutral
vessels, 138, 140, 143; as to what
constitutes an efficient blockade,
145; as to what ends a blockade,

LAM

147; as to notification of its exis-
tence, 150; as to exit of vessels
from a blockaded port, 157; as to
what constitutes breach of blockade,
159; as to penalty of breach, 161;
as to neutral goods in enemy's ships,
165-8; dispute with Holland as to
visit of convoyed ships, 170-1; with
Sweden, 171; with Denmark, 172
Grotius on neutrality, 30; on contra-
band, 98

AMILTON, Marquis of, his expe-

phus, 31

Mr., on remedy for captures made
in violation of neutrality, 25
Hanseatic Towns, rule as to admission
of prizes into their ports when neu-
tral, 75 n
Hautefeuille, M., on the legal value of
treaties, 7; on blockade, 148, n
Heffter, M., on vessels equipped within
neutral territory, 69 n; on contra-
band, 113; on preemption, 122 n;
on blockade, 148`n

Heineccius, on contraband, 104
Hemp, whether contraband, 117
Holland, neutrality laws, 68; rule as
to admission of prizes into its ports
when neutral, 75 n; practice as to
enemy's goods in neutral vessels, 143;
early usage of Hollanders as to neu-
tral goods in enemy's ships, 165. See
also United Provinces.
Horses, whether contraband, 115

NAVA

TAVAL STORES, whether contra-
band, 117

Netherlands. See Holland and United
Provinces.

Neutral individuals, their relations
with belligerent states, 18, 21, 87;
confusion of law relating to them
with that relating to states, 23;
heads of law affecting them, 97
– property within belligerent jurisdic-
tion, its use for warlike purposes by
a belligerent, 186; treaties on the
subject, 187

- States, their duties in the xvii. cent.,
29, 32; in the xviii. cent., 35, 47;
how far responsible for acts done
within their territory, 17, 62; whe-
ther responsible for acts begun within,
and completed without their territory,
60; duty of exacting reparation for
violations of their neutrality, 75; of
making reparation for permitted vio-
lations, 82

PANDO

ANDO, on levies made by a belli-
gerent in a neutral state, 40 n.
Papers. See Ship's Papers.

Paris, Declaration of, whether binding
in law, 13; as to enemy's goods in
neutral vessels, 143; blockade, 149,
150 n; neutral goods in enemy's
vessels, 168

Pepys, Mr., on the attack upon Dutch
ships at Bergen, 35 n

Phillimore, Sir R., on loans by neutrals
to belligerent states, 49; on con-
demnation of prizes lying in a neu-
tral port, 74 n; whether prizes can
be brought into a neutral port, 75 n;
on provisions as contraband, 120 n
Pickering, Mr., on neutral goods in
enemy's vessels, 168 n

Pierce, President, on trade in contra-
band, 23

Pistoye et Duverdy, MM., on blockade,
149 n

Portugal, rule as to admission of prizes
into its ports when neutral, 75 n.
Preemption, English usage as to, 122
Prisoners of war, liberated by being

brought into neutral territory, 73
Prizes, whether they can be taken into
neutral ports, 74; adjudication of
while lying in neutral ports, 74 n;
made in violation of neutrality, when
and how restored, 77 and ib. n;
whether restored if they have been
carried infra præsidia of the captor's
country, 78

Provisions, whether supply of ships of

PRU

war always innocent, 58; whether
contraband, 112, 119
Prussia, complaints in 1870 against
permission to export contraband from
England, 23, 111, 119; rule as to ad-
mission of prizes into its ports when
neutral, 75; practice as to what con-
stitutes contraband, 106, 116; joins
the First Armed Neutrality, 106; use
of English ships for purposes of war
at Duclair, 188

RU

OULE of the war of 1756, 92; its
extension in 1793, 94
Russell, Earl, on carriage of belligerent
diplomatic agents by a neutral, 134;
on the meaning of the declaration of
Paris as to blockade, 150 n
Russia, joins the First Armed Neutrality,

106; practice with regard to contra-
band, 106, 110; as to penalties of
trade in contraband, 123 n; as to
enemy's goods in neutral vessels, 140,
141, 143; doctrine as to immunity
of convoyed vessels from visit, 172

SALTP

ALTPETRE; whether contraband,
117

Shenandoah, case of the, 57
Ships, armed, outfit of, forbidden by

Venice &c., 43; outfit of forbidden
by the United States, 46, 65; equip-
ment in neutral territory, 63; is con-
traband of war, 64; outfit forbidden
by Great Britain, 67; by France,
Italy, and the Netherlands, 68; pre-
sent state of law as to outfit of, 69;
within what limits their equipment
ought to be forbidden by international
law, 71
-merchant, applicability of some kinds

to

purposes of war, 72; effect
upon, of carrying contraband, 113;
of carrying despatches or persons
for a belligerent, 127, 131; enemy's
goods in neutral, 135-43; effect
upon, of breach of blockade, 161;
entry of into blockaded port when
in distress, 162; neutral goods in
enemy's, 164-8; visit of, 169;
visit of when convoyed, 169-76
-of war, regulations as to supply of
coal to in English ports during
the American civil war, 58; in the
ports of the United States, 59;
special privileges accorded to, 73;
hospitality and asylum to, 83-6;
entry of, into blockaded ports, 162;
are not subject to visit, 169
Ships' papers; what a vessel must be

Р

TRE

provided with, 178; effect of spolia-
tion of, 183; of false papers, ib.
Sovereignty, what it is, 15; its con-
nection with the law of neutrality,
16-18; redress for violation of, 75;
effect on neutral property within bel-
ligerent jurisdiction, 186

Spain, rule as to admission of prizes
into its ports when neutral, 75 n;
practice as to what constitutes con-
traband, 106, 107; as to enemy's
goods in neutral vessels, 139, 141,
143; as to neutral goods in enemy's
vessels, 167-8

Story, Justice, on trade in armed vessels,
64; on procedure in claims for re-
stitution of prizes made in violation
of neutral sovereignty, 77; on a
commission as proof of public na-
tional character of a vessel, 79 n;
on conduct permitted to a belligerent
attacked in neutral territory, 81 n;
on coasting trade, 95 n; on sailing
under neutral convoy, 174; under
belligerent convoy, 180

Stowell, Lord, on effect of contraband
on rest of cargo, 125; on effect of re-
sistance to visit, 180

Sulphur, whether contraband, 117
Sweden, dispute with Denmark as to
right of neutral to help an ally under
treaty, 39, 49; sale of surplus men
of war by, 50; rule as to admission
of prizes into its ports when neutral,
75 n; practice with regard to con-
traband, 103, 106, 110, 118 n; joins
the Armed Neutralities, 106, 110;
practice with regard to enemy's goods
in neutral vessels, 140, 141, 143; at-
tempt to avoid visit of merchant
ship by use of convoy in 1653, 170;
dispute with England as to visit of
convoyed ships in 1781, 171
Switzerland, passage of allied troops
permitted in 1815, 52; denied to
French in 1870, 52; asylum given to
army of General Clinchant, 83