so increased that he had taken to his hammock, and only breathed a wish that he might see his wife before he died. He had been helped on deck as we came up the river, and 210 was now leaning against the shrouds, with a countenance so wasted, so pale, so ghastly, that it was no wonder even the eye of affection did not recognize him. But at the sound of his voice her eye darted on his features; it read, at once, a whole volume of sorrow; she clasped her hands, uttered a faint 213 shriek, and stood wringing them in silent agony.

Ali now was hurry and bustle, the meetings of acquaintances, the greetings of friends, the consultations of men of business. I alone was solitary and idle. I had no friend to meet, no cheering to receive. I stepped upon the land of 220 my forefathers, but felt that I was a stranger in the land.

SUGGESTIONS OF TOPICS OF INQUIRY.

What is the gulf that a voyage interposes between us and our homes? What words describe it?

"Whither he may be driven" (line 34). Why is whither better than where? Which of them means to what place? Which of them means at or in what place?

"I said that at sea all is vacancy" (line 38). Quote any previous passage containing this idea.

What were some of the amusements of the voyage? Day-dreaming? Looking down "on the monsters of the deep at their uncouth gambols"? Watching a distant sail? Contemplating the object seen at a distance, the mast of a wrecked ship? Story-telling? Any other?

"Expectation, anxiety, dread, despair" (lines 93, 94). Which expresses the strongest feeling? How are the words arranged? Define a climax. What has brought the ends of the earth into communion"? How?

Narrate in your own words the captain's story. Point out the most pathetic expressions in it.

What does Irving say of the ship during the storm?

Explain "how she seems to lord it over the deep!" Contrast that with the description of her course during the storm.

What were objects of interest as the ship approached the shore?

At what point did they land?

Describe the crowd on the pier.

Who was the most important person there?

What pathetic incident is told?

"I stepped upon the land of my forefathers." Who? Why land of my forefathers?

Express the idea of the last sentence in other words.

Select nautical words or phrases in this sketch.

Was the voyage made in a steamer or in a sailing vessel? Give reasons for the answer.

What is the general character of this sketch? Description?

Commit to memory the paragraph beginning, "We one day descried some shapeless object," etc.

Select and commit to memory any other passage in the piece. Give your reason for your selection.

What is the simple subject in the first sentence in this sketch? The entire subject?

GUIDE FOR ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES.

How many clauses?

Kinds? (Dependent and independent, stating the number of each.)

State the kind of each dependent clause, and tell what each modifies. (Dependent clauses are equivalent to some part of speech; hence we have Noun clauses, Adjective clauses, and Adverbial clauses.)

Simple subject?

Modifiers of the subject?

Entire subject?

Simple predicate?

Modifiers of the predicate?

Entire predicate?

Analyze clauses not already analyzed.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

"When I behold, with deep astonishment,
To famous Westminster how there resorte,
Living in brasse or stoney monument,
The princes and the worthies of all sorte;
Doe not I see reformde nobilitie,
Without contempt, or pride, or ostentation,
And looke upon offenselesse majesty,
Naked of pomp or earthly domination?
And how a play-game of a painted stone
Contents the quiet now and silent sprites,

Whome all the world which late they stood upon
Could not content nor quench their appetites.

Life is a frost of cold felicitie,

And death the thaw of all our vanitie."

CHRISTOLERO'S Epigrams, by T. B. 1598.

ON one of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile; and as I passed its threshold, it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former

ages.

5. Minster (A.-S. minstre or mynster; Low Lat. monasterium). In Germany and in England this title is given to several large cathedrals or cathedral churches; as, York Minster, the Minster of Strasburg, etc. It is also found in the names of places which owe their origin to a monastery; as, Westminster, the minster or monastery of the West. Westminster is a city and borough, and forms the west portion of London. Westminster Abbey is in the form of a Latin cross; it is 511 feet long by 203 wide across the transepts. For the word abbey see p. 8, line 155.

I entered from the inner court of Westminster School, 10 through a long, low, vaulted passage, that had an almost subterranean look, being dimly lighted in one part by circular perforations in the massive walls. Through this dark avenue I had a distant view of the cloisters, with the figure of an old verger, in his black gown, moving along their shadowy 15 vaults, and seeming like a spectre from one of the neighboring tombs. The approach to the abbey through these gloomy monastic remains prepares the mind for its solemn contemplation. The cloisters still retain something of the quiet and seclusion of former days. The gray walls are discolored by 20 damps, and crumbling with age; a coat of hoary moss has gathered over the inscriptions of the mural monuments, and obscured the death's-heads and other funereal emblems. The sharp touches of the chisel are gone from the rich tracery of the arches; the roses which adorned the keystones have lost 25 their leafy beauty; everything bears marks of the gradual dilapidations of time, which yet has something touching and pleasing in its very decay.

The sun was pouring down a yellow autumnal ray into the square of the cloisters, beaming upon a scanty plot of grass 30

10. Westminster School was founded by Queen Elizabeth. It retains the old dormitory of the abbey, and the old refectory of the abbot is now used as the Hall of the whole establishment. There is a "foundation" for forty boys, who are called "Queen's Scholars." Many distinguished men have been pupils there; among them, Ben Jonson.

11. Subterranean (from Lat. sub, under, and terra, the earth), under the surface of the earth, underground.

14. Cloisters (Fr. cloître; A.-S. claustr; Lat. claustrum, an enclosed place, from Lat. claudere, to shut or shut in), covered passages extending around the inner walls of monasteries; the monks had their lectures in them. Similar rooms elsewhere are sometimes called cloisters.

15. Verger (Fr. verge, a rod, from Lat. virga, a rod), an officer who carries a wand before a judge as an emblem of authority; also an attendant upon a church dignitary, as upon a bishop; also a pew-opener, or attendant in a church.

18. Monastic, pertaining to a monastery (a house of religious seclusion for monks or sometimes for nuns) or to its inmates.

22. Mural, pertaining to a wall. (Lat. murus, wall.)

in the centre, and lighting up an angle of the vaulted passage with a kind of dusky splendor. From between the arcades the eye glanced up to a bit of blue sky or a passing cloud, and beheld the sun-gilt pinnacles of the abbey towering into the azure heaven.

35

45

As I paced the cloisters, sometimes contemplating this mingled picture of glory and decay, and sometimes endeavoring to decipher the inscriptions on the tombstones which formed the pavement beneath my feet, my eye was attracted to three figures, rudely carved in relief, but nearly worn away by 40 the footsteps of many generations. They were the effigies of three of the early abbots: the epitaphs were entirely effaced; the names alone remained, having no doubt been renewed in later times (Vitalis. Abbas. 1082, and Gislebertus. Crispinus. Abbas. 1114, and Laurentius. Abbas. 1176). I remained some little while, musing over these casual relics of antiquity, thus left like wrecks upon this distant shore of time, telling no tale but that such beings had been and had perished; teaching no moral but the futility of that pride which hopes still to exact homage in its ashes, and to live in 50 an inscription. A little longer, and even these faint records will be obliterated, and the monument will cease to be a memorial. Whilst I was yet looking down upon these gravestones, I was roused by the sound of the abbey clock, reverberating from buttress to buttress, and echoing among the 55

41. Effigies (Lat. effigies, an image; Lat. e or ex, out, forth, and fingere to fashion). An effigy is commonly the head, bust, or full-length portrait in sculpture, etc.

44. Vitalis. Abbas. 1082, etc. In Vitalis's time the first history of the abbey was written by one of his monks. Gislebert was the author of various scholastic treatises. Lawrence procured from the Pope the canonization of the Confessor.

46. Casual (Lat. casus, a fall; fr. cadere, to fall, to happen), accidental.

55. Buttress (Fr. bouter, to thrust, or aboutir, to border on, to abut), a structure of masonry or brickwork, built to resist the horizontal thrust or pressure of another structure, as of a wall. Buttresses are much used in Gothic architecture.