Page five of whom were patricians, and fe plebeians.—See Dict Antiqq. 140 p. 895. 34. Ad Junonis. In the larger edition Alschefski has et Junoni, from the MSS. The present reading is that of Gronovius, which Alschefski had followed in the minor edition. 35. Lectisternium. This was a banquet in honor of the gods, prepared on the occasion of extraordinary solemnities. The images cf gods were placed in a reclining posture upon the couches, and tables and viands were put before them.-See Dict. Antiqq. 39. Genio, i. e. the Genius, the tutelary divinity of the city; in accordance with the prevailing opinion that every place, as well as every individual, had such a guardian spirit, who guided their fortunes, and regulated their destiny. CH. LXIII.—2. Edictum et litteras, by hendiadys, for edictum 141 per litt. Alschefski cites, in illustration, Cic. Epp. ad Fam. 11, 2, 1. 5. Tribunus pl. et quæ postea-habuerat. Flaminius had been tribune in the year 521, and had then carried an agrarian law for a general assignation of the land formerly conquered from the Gauls near Ariminum. He had been consul for the first time in the year 531. After his appointment, when he was already engaged in the war with the Gauls, the senate sent orders to both the consuls to return home immediately. But Flaminius refused to obey the summons, and continued his operations till the end of the season with much success, and on his return home, demanded a triumph. The senate refused it, but ne obtained it by a decree of the comitia.-See Arn. Hist. Rome, vol 2, p. 267. 10. Ne quis senator-haberet. This law forbade all senators and sons of senators from being the owners of a ship of more than 300 tons (amphora) burden. The express object of the law was to hinder the Roman aristocracy from entering upon mercantile speculations, and becoming, like the Venetian nobles, a company of wealthy merchants. -See Arn. Hist. vol. 2, 26, 9; Schmitz' Hist. Rome, p. 301, n. 3. 16. Auspiciis ementiendis. Auspicia ementiri est falsa auspicia nuntiare.-Drakenborch. In his first consulship, Flaminius had been ordered home, on the ground that dreadful prodigies had been manifested, and that the omens had not been duly observed at the time of his election. 17. Latinarum feriarum. This was a festival annually celebrated by the ambassadors of the Latin people, under the direction of the consuls. The particular time for the celebration was always determined by the consuls. 17. Consularibus-impedimentis, "devices for detaining the consuls." 24. Spretorum, sc. et deorum et hominum; "from a consciousness of having despised them." Page 141 24. Capitolium—nuncupationem. The commencement of the consulate was always celebrated by a solemn procession to the capitol, and a sacrifice there to Jupiter Capitolinus, associated with solemn vows and prayers; and after that, there was a great meeting in tho senate.-Dict. Antiqq. p. 306. 30. Paludatis-lictoribus. In the minor edition, Alschefski had adopted the reading paludatus; but in the larger, he reads as above. The word means clothed with the paludamentum. It was the custom for a Roman magistrate, after he had received the imperium from the comitia curiata, and had offered up his vows in the capitol, to march out of the city, arrayed in the paludamentum, (cxire paludatus, Cic. ad Fam. 8, 10,) attended by his lictors in similar attire, (paludatis lictoribus, as here, and also, B. 41, 10; 45, 39.)—Dict Antiqq. p. 721. 36. Retrahendumque. Retrahere is said of one who is caught as a fugitive, and brought back by force. Que means "or rather”Fabri. 44. Cruore. See n. on this word, B. 1, c 59 BOOK XXII. Page CH. 1-4-8. Gallis—odia. Gallis, the MS. reading, Alschefski 144 adopts in his larger edition, in place of Galli, his reading in the minor ed. It must be joined with verterunt odia; see n. on this use of the dat., B. 1, c. 5. Pro eo-ut, etc., instead of this, that they themselves, &c., i. e. " instead of themselves plundering," &c. In like manner, pro eo is joined with quod, quantum.-See Hand, Turs. 4, p. 587. As Fabri has remarked, a more common expression than rapere et agcre, is ferre et agere. See just below, c. 3, ferri agique. 11. Errore etiam. Error (see n. B. 1, c. 24) means uncertainty, doubt; and hence that which occasions uncertainty, leads into error. Here it means the deception which Hannibal practised to mislead his enemies. Etiam, in connection with insidiis, means "too," "also,” the idea being that he had secured himself against the snares of his enemies "by deception also" on his own part. Mutando-capitis, explanatory of err. et., specifies particular artifices to which he resorted. 17. Quod enim-esse. See n. on quid—esse, 21, 30. Justum, regular, legitimate; comp. n. on justiore p., B. 5, c. 49. On Lat. feriis-Capitolio, see notes on B. 21, c. 63. 27. Sanguine sudasse. Sudare, like pluere, (see B. 21, 62, and n.,) and many other verbs, is construed with abl. or acc. Comp. Z. § 383. 1. Sortes attenuatas. See n. B. 21, 62. 3. Appia via. This road, called by Statius, (Sylv. 2. 2, 12,) regina viarum, was commenced u. c. 442, by the censor Appius Claudius Cæcus, (Liv. 9, 29;) it issued from the Porta Capena, and terminated at Capua. For the abl. via, see Z. § 482. 145 14. Dii divinis carminibus. Alschefski thus reads instead of divis carminibus, retaining divinis, which is found in nearly all the MSS, but supplying, by conjecture, dii, which we can readily believe may have fallen out before divinis, (di divinis.) The other dat. with cordi is thus furnished in sibi, referring to dii; a construction much superior to cordi—divis,—præfarentur, sc. dii. 21. Quin et ut, etc., "nay even that," &c. 27. Saturnalia. See description of this festival in Dict. Antiqq CH. II.-34. Viam per paludem, etc. Hannibal "crossed the Apennines, not by the ordinary road to Lucca, descending the valley 145 of the Macra, but, as it appears, by a straighter line down the valley of the Anser or Serchio; and leaving Lucca on his right, he proceeded to struggle through the low and flooded country, which lay between the right bank of the Arno, and the Apennines below Florence, and of which the marsh or lake of Fucecchio still remains a specimen.”—Arn. Hist. Rome, vol. 2, p. 295. 35. Solito magis. Solito, abl. with magis as comparative. See Z § 484; A. and S. § 256, R. 9. On the position of solito, see Z § 600. 35. Hispanos et Afros et-robur. The latter et is explicative; "and in general." Livy follows Polybius, 3, 9, who says, rods Aíßvas καὶ Ιβηρας καὶ—δυνάμεως. If it be said that the Hispan: and the Afr themselves formed the robur veterani exercitus, we may reply with Fabri, that many veteran soldiers served in Hannibal's army, who were neither Spanish nor African; as e. g. 21, 22, Ligures. So also, 21, 22, Livy distinguishes between Libyphonices and Afri; 28, 4, Carthaginienses and Afri; ib., Pœni veterani and Afri. Alsche ́ski explains the passage in the same manner. 42. Qua modo. Qua is equivalent to quacumque via, and modo is restrictive, = dummodo, "if only," "provided." The sense is, that they went anywhere, if only the guides there led the way. 146 1. Neque-neque-aut, etc. The negation in neque-neque belongs also to the clause aut-sustinebant. Fabri cites similar instances in Livy, 25, 9; 34, 7; 35, 12; also Cicero, Fam. 2, 19. 15. Vigiliis tamen. Tamen is the reading of the MSS., and, as Alschefski has clearly shown, is correct, and agrees well with Livy's manner. It refers to what precedes, the meaning being, that Hannibal, though he rode upon an elephant, to keep himself above the water, yet, as he had already suffered much from the spring weather lost one of his eyes. The common reading, tandem, which is conjec tural, is therefore unnecessary. In rem esse = CH. III.-24. Quæ cognosse in rem erant. utile esse, expedire. For the perf. infin. cognosse, see Z. § 590; also, Madvig's Lat. Gram. § 407. 28. Non modo-sed ne-quidem. See n. on this construction B. 1, c. 40. 42. In consilio; "in the council of war, composed of person of senatorian rank, the legates, tribunes, and first centurions."-Fabri 147 4. Cum dedisset, immo, etc. The reading cum dedisset Al schefski adopts in his larger edition from the Harleian MS. The common reading is proposuit; but it rests upon doubtful authority Immo from Alschefski, instead of quia immo. Immo is ironical =aye "Aye, let us sit down," &c. 15. Num litteras, etc. Seen. B. 21, c. 63, on tribunus plebis ماه 20. In vulgus, instead of dat. vulgo. Page 147 CH. IV.-25. Ad loca nata insidiis. On the scene of this battle, Arnold thus remarks: "The modern road along the lake, after passing the village of Passignano, runs for some way close to the water's edge on the right, hemmed in on the left by a line of cliffs, which make it an absolute defile. Then it turns from the lake, and ascends the hills; yet, although they form something of a curve, there is nothing to deserve the name of a valley; and the road, after leaving the lake, begins to ascend almost immediately, so that there is a very short distance during which the hills on the right and left command it."-Hist. Rome, vol. 2, p. 296. Compare the Note on this passage, ib p. 505. 29. Ubi-consideret. Ubi is relative, quo or in quibus; and with consideret expresses purpose; "in which to post himself,' &c., or "that he might post himself," &c. A. and S. § 264, 5; Z. § 567. 37. Tantum-erat. Tantum-quod, so much- as; ex adver80, opposite to him. 1. Pariter has reference to time; "at the same time." 2. Romanus-prius-quam-sensit. It is unnecessary, with Walch and Bekker, to change the position of prius, and place it directly before quam. Indeed, by such an arrangement, we might be misled, by supposing that clamore orto are in the ablative absolute. The meaning is this: "The Romans, by the shout that arose, before they could see distinctly, perceived that they were surrounded." With cerneret we may supply se circumventum esse, or hostem. Cernere means to see distinctly, in distinction from videre, simply to see.— Doederlein. CH. V.-6. Ut in re trepida. See notes on ut, B. 1, c. 57, and 21, 34. 14. Tantumque aberat, etc. "And the soldiers, so far from knowing-had scarcely sufficient presence of mind," &c. See Z. § 779 148 19. Gemitus vulnerum; literally, the groans caused by the *wounds, equivalent to gem. vulneratorum, “ groans of the wounded." 29. Per principes, etc. According to the ordinary arrangement, the hastati formed the first line, the principes the second, and the triarii the third, as Livy himself has described it in B. 8, c. 8. In this passage he has principes hastatosque, because these two lines preceded the signa, (hence antesignani,) and formed, as it were, one body. So also in B. 34, 15. Compare Dict. Antiqq. p. 103. 37. Senserit. On the perf. tense after fuit, see n. on B. 1, c. 3. CH. VI.-44. Facie quoque, etc. Consul, en, the reading of Gronovius, instead of consulem, Alschefski has adopted; and it is unquestionably the true reading. Compare B. 2, 6, ipse, en, inquit, etc. In that passage, too, compare facie quoque cognovit, with the similar expression here. Inquit is joined here with a dative, popularibus. |