The Theory of Sound, Band 1Macmillan, 1894 - 984 Seiten |
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A₁ absolute pitch amplitude application approximately arbitrary axis B₁ calculated circle of latitude circuit circular clamped coefficients component condition constant corresponding cos² curvature curve cylinder denote depends determined differential equation displacement effect equal equal temperament equilibrium expressed finite forced vibrations fork free vibrations frequency friction given gravest tone harmonic inductance inertia infinite initial integral kinetic energy length membrane modes negative nodal nodal lines nodes normal functions obtained octave period phase pitch plane plate positive potential energy principal curvature quadratic function quantities quarter period ratio represented resistance result roots shews sin² solution sound square string suppose T₁ tension theorem theory tion V₁ vanish velocity waves wire Y₁ Young's modulus zero
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Seite 261 - ... and m is an abstract number. Hence for a given material and mode of vibration the frequency varies directly as K — the radius of gyration of the section about an axis perpendicular to the plane of bending — and inversely as the square of the length. These results might have been anticipated by the argument from dimensions, if it were considered that the frequency is necessarily determined by the value of...
Seite 59 - TT (n2 — n2) t. In passing through zero the amplitude changes sign, which is equivalent to a change of phase of 180', if the amplitude be regarded as always positive. This change of phase is readily detected by measurement in drawings traced by machines for compounding vibrations, and it is a feature of great importance. If a force of this character act upon a system whose natural frequency is $ (n, + n^), the effect produced is comparatively small.
Seite 97 - Routh2.] 88. The interpretation of the equations of motion leads to a theorem of considerable importance, which may be thus stated4. The period of a conservative system vibrating in a constrained type about a position of stable equilibrium is stationary in value when the type is normal. We might prove this from the original equations of vibration, but it will be more convenient to employ the normal co-ordinates. The constraint, which may be supposed to be of such a character as to leave only one...
Seite 170 - ... (1) For a given string and a given tension, the time varies as the length. This is the fundamental principle of the monochord, and appears to have been understood by the ancients1. (2) When the length of the string is given, the time varies inversely as the square root of the tension. (3) Strings of the same length and tension vibrate in times, which are proportional to the square roots of the linear density. These important results may all be obtained by the method of dimensions, if it be assumed...
Seite 464 - If k' — k, V - V be small, we have a train of waves whose amplitude varies slowly from one point to another between the limits 0 and 2, forming a series of groups separated from one another by regions comparatively free from disturbance. The position at time t of the middle of that group, which was initially at the origin, is given by (k'V-kV)t-(k'-k)x=0, which shews that the velocity of the group is (KV - kV) -f- (k
Seite 187 - L a 4a a which becomes great, but not infinite, when sin — = 0, or the point of application is a node. If the imposed force, or motion, be not expressed by a single harmonic term, it must first be resolved into such. The preceding solution may then be applied to each component separately, and the results added together. The extension to the case of more than one point of application of the impressed forces is also obvious. To obtain the most general solution satisfying the conditions, the expression...
Seite 117 - PROPERTY. 129 to deduce the motion depending on initial displacements from that depending on the initial velocities, it is only necessary to differentiate with respect to the time, and to replace the arbitrary constants (or functions) which express the initial velocities by those which express the corresponding initial displacements. Thus, if...
Seite 76 - HARMONIUM^THE methods described depend upon the principle that the absolute frequencies of vibration of two musical notes can be deduced from the interval between them, ie, the ratio of their frequencies, and the number of beats which they occasion in a given time when sounded together. For example, if x and y denote the frequencies of two notes whose interval is an equal temperament major third, we know that y — i '25992 x.
Seite 61 - To suppose, as is sometimes done in optical speculations, that a train of simple waves may begin at a given epoch, continue for a certain time involving it may be a large number of periods, and ultimately cease, is a contradiction in terms.
Seite 97 - ... essentially real. It is remarkable that both Lagrange and Laplace fell into the error of supposing that equality among roots necessarily implies terms in the solution of the form te xt (or tcospt), and therefore that for stability the roots must be all unequal.