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Exhibition of Old Masters at Burlington House. The prospectus of this serial for 1882 promises contributions from several galleries not yet touched. These are Hampton Court, Apsley House, Blenheim, Panshanger, Cardiff Castle, and the Duke of Devonshire's gallery at Chiswick. An early part will contain miniatures of the fifth Duke and Duchess of Devonshire and their children, all by Cosway, from the collections of the Queen, the Duke of Sutherland, and Lady Taunton.

MR. MARSHALL, the American engraver, whose plates of Washington and Lincoln are recognised as the highest achievements of the art which America has yet produced, has just finished a portrait of Mr. Longfellow, which will be published by Mr. George Barrie, of Philadelphia. The characteristic of Mr. Marshall's art, apart from his technical skill with the burin, is that he works neither from the picture of another nor from the life, but from his own rough oil-painting and modelling in clay. The portrait is his own accomplishment, no less than the plate. The Longfellow, of which the publisher has sent us a reduced photographic reproduction, is on the scale of twenty-three by thirty-one inches, and the head is surrounded with a series of vignettes, representing familiar scenes from the poems.

AN important serial publication is announced by the well-known art-publishing firm of Adolf Gutbier, of Dresden, with the support of the Saxon Government. It is entitled Kupferstiche nach Werken neuerer Meister in der Königlichen Gemälde Gallerie zu Dresden. Each part will contain three engravings, with a descriptive text by Dr. Wilhelm Rossmann. For the first part are promised A. Calame's Der Waldstrom, engraved by L. Friedrich; F. Pauwels' Im Hospital, by Th. Lauger; and G. A. Kuntz's Gruss aus der Welt, by E. Büchel.

THE "livre d'étrennes" that M. A. Quantin announces for this season is entitled L Art à travers les Mours, by M. Henry Havard, with illustrations by M. Ch. Goutzwiller. It will be divided into two parts, the one giving a general history of art, the other a history of French art. M. Henry Havard, who is already favourably known for his Merveilles de l'Art hollandais

been engaged upon the present work for the and his La Faïence de Delft, is said to have past twelve years. The illustrations will include forty plates and more than 250 wood

cuts.

WE understand that the Queen has become the purchaser of a picture entitled Sunflowers, by Miss Emily Stones, a young lady artist, niece of Sir Sydney Waterlow, M.P.

UNDER the title of Les Catacombes de Rome,

the firm of MM. V. Morel et Cie., of Paris,

gravure process.

century representing famous heroes and scenes
from legends (including a very interesting
series illustrating the Tristan of Gottfried of
Strassburg), is taking steps for their preserva-
tion.

THE STAGE.

Recently published, price 68.
SONGS OF
OF STUDY.

By WILLIAM WILKINS.
(Chiefly Verse of Student Life in Trinity College, Dublin.)
"Much freshness, considerable originality, and a remark.
able power of poetical description
a directness and
simplicity which are wofully rare in cotemporary verse."
Academy.
"Poetry
accomplished and interesting
Irish lyrics full of warm feeling, enthusiasm for landscape,
love of life, and earnest emotion."-Saturday Review.
smaller rhymers there are not many who possess so spon-

"Of our living poets who have risen out of the crowd of

taneous and rich a gift of song, so graceful a diction, such
a mastery of melodic form and of an imagery at once
chaste and glowing."-Scotsman.

London: KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, & Co., 1, Paternoster-square.
Super royal 4to, with Six Plates, 10s. 6d.

SEA to the WEST of GREENLAND.
By P. MARTIN DUNCAN, M.B. (Lond.), F.R.S., F.G.S.,
F.L.S., &c.; and

W. PERCY SLADEN, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, Paternoster-row.

THE re-opening of the Haymarket has not been
altogether happy. The programme is a mixed
one, consisting of a stirring drama and a laugh-
able after-piece. The drama is Plot and Passion,
which some eight-and-twenty years ago, when
Tom Taylor first produced it, was markedly
successful. It is a strong piece, and it had
then a most powerful cast, for the genius of
Robson was added to the skill of Mr. Emery
and Mr. Alfred Wigan and to the attractions A MEMOIR on the ECHINODERMATA of the ARCTIC
of Mrs. Stirling. In order to fortify the Hay-
market company, Miss Ada Cavendish has been
engaged to play Marie de Fontanges; but this
actress, though she is highly accomplished and
learned in her art, and handsome to boot, has
not quite the necessary gift of seemingly spon-
taneous passion. Nor is Mr. Bancroft to be
accounted thoroughly in his element as Fouché;
nor is Mr. Cecil likely, we suppose charming
actor as he is, in the right place to efface the
genuine old playgoer's remembrance of the
first interpreter of the part. We cannot con-
sider that the school of acting which Mr. and descriptive of Mr. Ruskin's Home.
Mrs. Bancroft have encouraged, if not formed,
is of the kind that is likely to do thorough
justice to pieces of vigour and passion. The
school has its qualities, but they cannot possibly
be the ones that are found most telling in the
interpretation of such a drama as this of
Tom Taylor's. After the big play comes the
entertainment, A Lesson, by Mr. Burnand. In THE JOURNAL of the ANTHROPO

A LAKE-SIDE

BY THE

HOME.

EDITOR OF "ARROWS OF THE CHACE."

THE ART JOURNAL of NOVEMBER and DECEMBER contains Two Illustrated Papers under the above heading, The Illustrations are as follows:

PORTRAIT OF MR. RUSKIN.
THE OLD HALL, CONISTON.
BRANTWOOD FROM THE LAKE.
INTERIOR OF MR. RUSKIN'S STUDY.

26, IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.
Now ready, DOUBLE NUMBER, price 7s. 6d.

LOGICAL INSTITUTE of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND.
Vol XI., Nos. I. and II., 94 pp., with Fifteen Plates and Wooden's,
Contains Papers by Miss A. W. BUCKLAND, Mr. G. M. ATKINSON, Dr. D.
CHRISTISON, Prof W. H. FLOWER Mr. W. D. GOOCH, M.. A. L. LEWD,
Mr. 5. E. PEAL, Mr. C. S. WAKE, and Col. R. G. WOODTHORPE,
London: TRUBNER & CO., 57 and 59, Ludgate-hill.

Now ready, with Nine Coloured and Nine Blank Maps, 4to, cloth, 3.

a seuse it is from Lolotte; but there was so
much that was objectionable in Lolotte that
there is really very little of Lolotte in A Lesson.
personating an actress of comedy who goes to
Mrs. Bancroft is afforded the opportunity of
teach a fine lady how to play a part; and in
giving her this opportunity Mr. Burnand has THE ATLAS GEOGRAPHY.
known how to write shrewdly and wittily, and
in taking the opportunity Mrs. Bancroft has
known how to profit by it.

THE Vaudeville Theatre has strengthened its

MACDONELL.

By A. H.

Is admirab y adapted to its purpose.
We cordially recommend
the work to parents and teachers-Literary World.
London: H. K. LEWIS, 136, Gower-street, W.C.

Now ready, fcap. 8vo, cloth, 3s.

QUESTIONS

London, 1844-1881.

the Matriculation Examinations of the University of Collected and Arrauged by F. W. LEVA, London: H. K. LEWIS, 136, Gower-street, W.C.

FR.A.S., Assistant-Master in University College school, Lordon,

on HISTORY and GEO

Just published, fcap. 9vo, 2s. 6d.

and of a musical after piece-Marriage Bells
programme by the addition of a lever de rideau
and The Girl He Left Behind Him-as well as
by certain changes in the cast of The Half-Way
House, which we saw on Monday evening with
sufficient pleasure. Mr. Sims's comedy, which SOLUTIONS
written, seems to be taking a firmer hold on
is certainly neatly constructed and very smartly
the audience. It has now passed its fiftieth
night; and, though its success will still have to
be accounted second to that of Mr. Sims's drama

of the QUESTIONS in
MAGNETISM and ELECTRICITY Set at the Preliminary Scientific
and First B.Sc. Pass Examinations of the University of London, from 16--
18.9. By F. W. LEVANDER, F.R.A.S., Assistant-Master in Caiversity
College School, London.
London: H. K. LEWIS, 136, Gower-street, W.C.

SCOTTISH RECORD PUBLICATIONS.
Now ready, in imp. 8vo, cloth, price 158.

at the Princess's, such as it is it is thoroughly CALENDAR of DOCUMENTS relating to

preserved in the Public Record Office, London, VƏLİ, A.D. 1008-1272. Edited by JOSEPH BAIN, F.S.A. Scot., &c. Published b authority of the Lords Commissioners of H.M. Treasury, under the directi of the Deputy Clerk Register of Scotland. Edinburgh: A. & C. BLACK; DOUGLAS & FOULIS. London: LONGMANS & Co.; TRUBNER & Co. Oxford: PARKER & Co. Cambridge: MACMILLAN & Co. Dublin: A. THOM & CO.

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announce an important work upon the history deserved. Mr. Sims's people are not generally
of, and religious beliefs during, the first ages conventional people, with either the full virtues
of Christianity. The author is M. Théophile or the exaggerated vices one meets with in
Roller, who has lived for the past fifteen years stage portraiture. The only exception in The
in Italy, chiefly at Rome and Naples. It will Half-Way House is the wicked sister, who repre-
be published in two folio volumes, containing sents that her brother's wife is a mad woman,
about 720 pages of letterpress, with 100 plates merely that she shall herself continue to be
representing plans, inscriptions, frescoes, sculp-mistress of his country place and be spared the
tures, and other objects from the Catacombs, infliction of a return to Ireland. Many minor
reproduced after photographs by the helio- sins might be forgiven a woman if they were
such as aided her in the execution of a very
natural inclination to remain absent from that
unfortunate country; but the locking-up of a
minor offence, and one feels that it is about to
sane sister-in-law in a madhouse is hardly a
be properly punished when, in the last line of
the comedy, somebody, who has asked for a
Bradshaw, explains that it is sent for to enable
this lady to possess herself of information as to ENGLISH ETCHINGS.
the bours of departure for Ballingog. Even
apart from this novel conception of justice and
retribution, the comedy is distinctly funny.

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SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1881.

No. 501, New Series.

THE EDITOR cannot undertake to return, or to correspond with the writers of, rejected manuscript.

It is particularly requested that all business letters regarding the supply of the paper, &c., may be addressed to the PUBLISHER, and not to the EDITOR.

LITERATURE.

Mary Stuart: a Tragedy. By A. C. Swinburne. (Chatto & Windus.)

NOTHING is less welcome to any lover of literature than to suspect or to chronicle any failure of power in one of our leading writers. The pain, for instance, with which parts of Daniel Deronda were perused was largely due to this cause; with what sorrow, again, must Castle Dangerous have been read by the lovers of Old Mortality! And if something of this feeling has come upon the present writer in reading Mary Stuart, he can only say that it is with reluctance he has yielded to a conviction from which he would rejoice to be dislodged. But at present Mary Stuart does appear, on the whole, inferior to both its predecessors in the trilogy-Chaste

lard and Bothwell.

It has not that white heat of passion that made Chastelard such fascinating, if not exactly pleasant, reading. It has not the "climbing ardour" and energy of Bothwell-that overmastering fervour which made Darnley's wretched self poetical. and Bothwell the eloquent impersonation of ambition-which made us almost hear John Knox thunder against the Queen, and almost stand with her by the shore of the Solway

and see her

"depart From this distempered and unnatural earth That casts me out unmothered, and go forth On this grey sterile bitter gleaming sea With neither tears nor laughter, but a heart That from the softest temper of its blood Is turned to fire and iron."

piece; and it is impossible not to recognise the true tragic nexus in Mary Beaton's situation as the constant attendant, even unto the end, of her who gave Chastelard to death that Chastelard whom passion for the fickle Queen made blind and deaf to the lifelong devotion of Mary Beaton. The finest passage, on the whole, in this drama is that where she tells, in soliloquy, this bitter and undying sorrow (act II., sc. ii., p. 77) just before the Queen's final trial.

"MARY B. Here looms on me the landmark of my

life

That I have looked for now some score of years
Even with long-suffering eagerness of heart
And a most hungry patience. I did know,
Yea, God, thou knowest I knew this all that
while,

From that day forth when even these eyes beheld
Fall the most faithful head in all the world,
Towards her most loving and of me most loved,
By doom of hers that was so loved of him
He could not love me nor his life at all
Nor his own soul nor aught that all men love,
Nor could fear death nor very God, or care
If there were aught more merciful in heaven

tions. Thence we return to Chartley, and finally to Tyburn, and the execution of Babington and his conspirators. The speech of one of them -Chidiock Tichborne-will be read with interest (pp. 88–90).

The third act, "Burghley," represents the trial of Mary before Burghley, Bromley, and the other Commissioners at Fotheringay, and ends with her appeal for a hearing before the Queen herself, or Parliament. All through this act the historical charges against Mary are closely followed; but it possesses little poetical interest, though it is, perhaps, better adapted to the stage than any other part of the drama.

The fourth act, "Elizabeth," contains the debate as to Mary's doom between Walsingham and Davison, and Elizabeth's dismissal of Belliévre and Châteauneuf, the French ambassadors, for presuming to warn, and even to threaten her with the vengeance of France if Mary be harmed. This scene is very spirited; and Elizabeth's final refusal (p. 138) to take any advice that savours of compulsion,

Than love on earth had been to him. Chastelard-whether from friend or foe, gives the reader a

I have not had the name upon my lips
That stands for sign of love the truest in man,
Since first love made him sacrifice of men,
This long sad score of years retributive,
Since it was cast out of her heart and mind
Who made it mean a dead thing: nor, I think,
Will she remember it before she die."

This is the character and history of Mary Beaton complete, as the poet has seen it, in one half-page. I cannot recal any passage of his writings where pity and sorrow has been more simply and truly expressed.

ton, leader of the conspiracy against Elizabeth, The first act, named after Anthony Babingconsists of three scenes: the first, the meeting of the conspirators in Babington's house; the second, Mary's confinement at Chartley, in the care of Sir Amyas Paulet; the third, her treacherous removal to Tixall by the secret mission of Sir Thomas Gorges. The first scene, albeit somewhat over-long, is managed with great skill; the true conspirator's tone-the mutual suspicion, the bragging of the leader, the general desire to find another person to "bell the cat," the sauve-qui-peut at the end, are given with vivid force.

With

vivid idea of "her Majesty's marvellous wellhung tongue." This is her final admonition to her advisers (p. 140):

"If I should say unto you that I mean

To grant not your petition, by my faith
More should I so say haply than I mean;
Or should I say I mean to grant it, this
Were, as I think, to tell you of my mind
More than is fit for you to know; and thus
I must for all petitionary prayer
Deliver you an answer answerless.

Yet will I pray God lighten my dark mind
That being illumined it may thence foresee
What for his church and all this commonwealth
May most be profitable; and this once known,
My hand shall halt not long behind his will."
The act ends with Davison's final victory
the letter written by Mary to her, from
over Elizabeth's hesitation by showing her
Sheffield, containing the slanders above al-

luded to.

The fifth and last act lies entirely at Fotheringay, and describes the arrival of the warrant, Mary's preparations for death, and the execution as witnessed by Mary Beaton and Barbara Mowbray from the gallery of the hall. Throughout, the poet follows

If there be in Mary Stuart anything of equal regard to scene ii., one may suppose it to be history closely; yet he glorifies the tragic

power with the last speeches of Mary in Bothwell, or Bothwell's soliloquy (act II., sc. xviii.), "The time is breathless," &c., or Knox's sermon, it has not been given to the present writer's eyes to detect it. In Mary Stuart we seem, like Mephistopheles on the Brocken, "all at once to have grown very old"-the wine of life is on the lees; the

sense

seems

of captivity, failure, and imminent death, which could not tame the Queen, has to some extent tamed the poet, till his drama more like an eloquent reading of history than (to adopt a phrase of his own) a breath or pulse of the thing called poetry." It may be that the capacity of the subject, rather than that of the poet, gave out at this final stage. There is, perhaps, not matter for full trilogy in the character of Mary Stuart; one feels instinctively that of this last period Elizabeth should be the true "protagonist." And yet this was impossible to one who took, 18 Mr. Swinburne has done, the constant, hough hostile, devotion of Mary Beaton to he Queen of Scots as the key-note of his

too late to object to Mr. Swinburne's treatment of such a subject as Elizabeth's alleged It is possible amours with her courtiers. that her rival, having received such reports, might have dwelt on them with the malicious gusto here represented.

We all know that Mr. Swinburne has his prejudices against the "feuille de vigne à coller à sa phrase,"

scene with simple pathos, as where Mary has sent for Gorion, her French physician, and remains a moment alone

"Time wears thin; They should not now play laggard; nay, he

comes,

The last that ever speaks alone with me Before my soul shall speak alone with God." And the final doom as here described has all

head

with which it is idle to argue. But, apart the power of Mr. Froude's account of it from all moral questions, poetry is not to be found in the linked ugliness, long drawn without his vindictiveness (pp. 202-3)out, of these imputations against Elizabeth's "BARB. And now they lift her veil up from her character. It is possible to say the thing without dwelling and brooding on the thing. Hamlet's grim and outspoken chiding of his mother manages a situation which might well be deemed impossible, with ten times more success than these pages of divorcecourt evidence.

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She lays between the block and her soft neck
Her long white peerless hands up tenderly,
Which now the headsman draws again away
But softly too: now stir her lips again-
Into thine hands, O Lord, into thine hands,
Lord, I commend my spirit: and now-but now
Look you the last upon her.
MARY B.
Ha!

He strikes awry: she stirs not, Nay but now
He strikes aright, and ends it.
BARB.
Hark, a cry!

the contrary I had killed several, he said
laughingly, Why, you're a man; when are
you going to take a wife?' And upon my
telling him that if he would give me one I
would take her at once, he said, "Oh! you
must combeesa [court one] yourself; there are
lots of them.""

It is not, however, merely as a sportsman
that Mr. Selous deserves to be listened to, for

VOICE BELOW. So perish all found enemies of in the course of his sporting tours he was not

the queen!

ANOTHER VOICE. Amen.

MARY B. I heard that very cry go up

Far off long since to God, who answers here." I hardly think there will be two opinions as to the dignity of this "pity and terror," or the noble significance of Mary Beaton's last words. Let me follow Mr. Browning's aphorism

"One can always leave off talking when one hears a master play."

E. D. A. MORSHEAD.

A Hunter's Wanderings in Africa. By
Frederick Courteney Selous. Map and
Map and
Illustrations. (Bentley.)

Ir may safely be affirmed that since the days
of Baldwin there has not been published a
book on South African sporting which equals
in value and interest the volume just brought
out by Mr. Selous. Nearly ten years spent in
the pursuit of game enable the author to
speak with some authority on the subject with
which he principally deals. Those desirous
of following his example may largely profit
from his experience, and even zoologists will
listen to him with attention when he dis-

courses on the lion, the rhinoceros, and the twenty-two species of antelopes encountered. in the region he hunted over. Notwithstanding what Dutch hunters and others say to the contrary, he maintains that all the lions of South Africa belong to one and the same species; and the arguments with which he supports this view are well marshalled, and appear to be conclusive.

His book, as a matter of course, abounds

in hunting stories; and, as these are well told,
and only just sufficiently flavoured with
sporting slang to give them an air of reality
or local colour, they are quite as likely to
interest stay-at-home readers as sportsmen.
We need hardly say that Mr. Selous was a
successful sportsman, who made a good thing

spoils. His experience, however, had to be
paid for. When first he landed on African
soil he was but a lad of nineteen, and his
ignorance on one occasion nearly cost him
his life. For ninety hours he wandered about
in a forest without food or water, clad only in
a shirt, trousers, and a pair of velvet slippers,
and compelled to pass the intensely cold
nights on the bare ground. When he reached
Lobengula, however, his supposed inexperience
stood him in good stead. On his asking
for permission to hunt elephants, that great
chief of the Matabili burst out laughing,
saying, "Oh, you may go where
you are only a boy!" Very different was
his reception when, after an absence of three
months, he returned with 450 pounds of ivory
won by his own shooting.

content with visiting the now hackneyed
Victoria Falls of the Zambeze, but penetrated
beyond that river into a region never before
trodden by the foot of educated European.
Indeed, he had proposed to make a push still
farther north or east, in the direction of Lake
Bangweolo, or Nyassa; and his name might
by this time have been enrolled among those
of our great African explorers had not his
intention been frustrated through the native
policy of the British authorities. In 1879
100 pounds of powder had been granted him
by Sir Owen Lanyon for a whole year's
hunting, a supply altogether inadequate where
one employs native hunters, who load with
their hands, and spill more powder than they
fire away. An application for a further
supply, in order to enable him to start properly
equipped for an expedition which he calculated
would occupy two years, was curtly refused;
and thus all his dreams of extended ex-
ploration were rudely ended."

66

tions such as these, to which Englishmen are
Mr. Selous is naturally bitter upon restric-
made to submit; while the Portuguese slave-
dealers are left unfettered in the practice of
their foul deeds. When Englishmen first
commenced trading on the Zambeze, they
found the field in the possession of the
Portuguese, all of whom were slave-traders,
although they dealt in ivory as well.

"By bringing a better class of guns, powder,
and every other species of goods into the country,
the Englishman beat his competitor out of the
market, and thus did more to put an end to the
slave-trade carried on along the central Zam-
beze by Portuguese subjects and to raise the
name of Englishmen among the natives than
all the pamphlets of the stay-at-home aborigines
protectionists who, comfortably seated in the
depths of their arm-chairs before a blazing fire,
are continually thundering forth denunciations
against the rapacious British colonist and the
'low, immoral trader,' who exerts such a bane-
ful influence upon the chaste and guileless
savages of the interior.

In consequence of these ill-advised restrictions upon British enterprise, trade in the far interior has almost come to an end, and most of the traders have been ruined. Their places are once more occupied by the Portuguese, respecting whose dealings with the natives Mr. Selous furnishes ample details, which make us shudder as we turn over the pages of his volume. He is no professional philanthropist, nor does he write for that section of the public which devours and blindly credits the narratives of missionaries. He furnishes names and dates, and leaves no

room to doubt that persons holding official appointments from the Portuguese authorities carry on slave-hunting with an ardour and an amount of cruelty never surpassed on the Upper Nile or to the west of Tanganyika. To the south of the Zambeze there exist wide tracts of wilderness where the traces of maize-fields and clearings in the forest point to the existence, at some former period, of a considerable population driven away or annihilated by the ruthless Matabili. And now the same process of depopulation is going on to the north of the river, where the representatives of a Christian State, which, on an evil day for African humanity, took possession of terri tories too vast for its feeble grasp, rival the atrocities of slave-hunting Dongolawi and Wangwuana.

E. Whymper and Miss A. B. Selous are The illustrations by Messrs. J. Smit and genuine and to the point, but the map leaves much to be desired.

E. G. RAVENSTEIN.

The History of Wallingford, in the County of
Berks, from the Invasion of Julius Caesar
to the Present Time. By John Kirby
Hedges, J.P., Berks and Oxon. (William
Clowes & Sons, Limited.)

IF the author of these two handsomely
printed volumes intended to write a popular
history of this important and interesting old
Berkshire town, he has certainly failed in his
object. If, however, his purpose was to bring
together, from every possible source, all the
heterogeneous items relating to Wallingford
to be found in ancient records, and to reduce
them to some sort of classification, in that he
has probably succeeded. He has gathered
together a vast amount of miscellaneous in-

out of the ivory which he carried away as his I am proud to rank myself as one of that little formation, much of it of great value, and all body of English and Scotch men who, as traders of more or less interest, which may gratify and elephant-hunters in Central South Africa, the taste of severer students of history, while have certainly, whatever may be their feelings it will not so generally appeal to the symin other respects, kept up the name of English-pathies of ordinary readers of topographical men among the natives for all that is upright works. Mr. Hedges has evidently written In the words of Buckle, we are for the few, and not for the many. From the and honest. Howmass of material thus collected a popular and neither monks nor saints, but only men. ever, a Kafir who is owed money by one Englishman, perhaps the wages for a year's work, will extremely interesting history of Wallingtake a letter without a murmur to another ford might be written; and the present Englishman hundreds of miles away if he is told author has probably contented himself by his master that, upon delivering the letter, with providing this material, which may he will receive his payment. This fact speaks be manipulated hereafter by others. volumes to anyone who knows the crafty, sus- one who carefully examines his pages can There are, doubt that his labours have been earnest and picious character of the natives. you like; perhaps, a few Boer hunters in the interior to conscientious, and apparently thorough and whose word the Kafirs would trust, but very exhaustive, or refuse entire commendation of few; whereas on the Lower Zambeze, near Zumbo, you cannot get a native who has been in the his zeal and enthusiasm. His discussion of habit of dealing with the Portuguese to stir hand disputed points relating to the Roman period or foot in your service unless you pay him all is always fair and generous; and, if his conor a part of his wages in advance." clusions are not always instantly accepted, his

"When I told the King that his elephants had not driven me out of the country, but that on

N

proofs and arguments will not fail to carry great weight. His own opinion is that Wallingford is identical with "Calleva Atrebatum"

of the Roman Itineraries; and in support of this theory he presents an array of facts and suggestions which, if they do not absolutely compel conviction, at least force the reader to admit the strong probability that he is right, and it is perhaps only because learned antiquaries who have preceded him have held a contrary opinion that there will be hesitation in at once agreeing with him. It is neither necessary nor convenient to enter into the details of this discussion, and this portion of the work should be carefully studied in order to its full comprehension.

Leaving the Roman Period, which occupies a considerable portion of the first volume, we get upon safer ground. Wallingford under the Saxons and Danes occupies only a few pages; and the remainder of this volume, upwards of 200 pages, covers the period from Edward the Confessor to the end of Edward II. There is much of interest, local and personal, during this period, detailed in charters and other records, of each of which, when not printed in full, Mr. Hedges gives a careful précis. These throw great light, not only upon the manners and customs of the period, but also upon the character of the inhabitants and peculiar institutions of the town, and afford ample themes for future writers of history, biography, and even fiction. The larger portion of the second volume continues the running history from the time of Edward III. to the present reign, perhaps the most interesting of which is that relating specially to Wallingford Castle, concerning which the author appears to have collected all existing records from every accessible source. Lists of the constables of the castle, and of members of Parliament, mayors, high stewards, and town clerks of the borough also appear in this part of the work, which ends with an account of the various charities still in operation. The second part, comprising less than 150 pages, is devoted to a general description of the various churches of Wallingford and their ancient history, and is excellent so far as it goes, which is probably as far as the author intended; but a certain class of readers and students who gladly welcome this class of books to their library shelves will be disappointed on finding that these otherwise praiseworthy volumes make no provision for their special wants. Lists of the incumbents of the various churches are given, it is true; but not one monumental inscription, and but one extract from the parish registers, appears anywhere throughout the entire 800 pages; nor are there any accounts of even the principal families of the town. These are omissions greatly to be regretted, as it is not likely that another History of Wallingford will make its appearance at least during the present But, as has been said before, the author probably intended to confine himself to the general history of the town, avoiding personal details, and the result of his labours in this direction may be commended without reserve.

generation.

JOSEPH LEMUEL CHESTER.

The Bird of Truth, and other Fairy Tales. By Fernan Caballero. (Sonnenschein & Co.)

THIS volume is made up of tales selected from the posthumous volume of F. Caballero, and from the Cuentos y Poesias populares Andaluces of the same author. To these are added two legends from Trueba's "Popular

Stories."

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Caballero, and is far inferior as an artist. There is, however, one story narrated by him as true in his Capítulos de un Libro (Madrid, 1865) concerning "El Fuerte de Ocháran," a Herculean athlete, with whose family Trueba is challenged to a trial of strength in throwing himself connected. This strong Biscayan was he absented himself, and deputed his daughter the bar by a Navarrese. Doubting of victory, She in 1847, I read this same story, told in the to test the powers of the stranger. easily defeated him. Now, at Edinburgh, professed autobiography of a Border sporting man, as having occurred with a Scotchman, the same result. This, and another similar his daughter, and a Northumbrian, and with case told me as within their own knowledge by two independent and trustworthy narrators, suggests the question whether some of the simpler incidents of these tales may not really than once, have occurred, and that more this volume may not the incident in "Fair and in widely different places. So, too, in Flower," which occurs so often in Spanish, Portuguese, and Celtic tales, of a corpse lying

unburied at the church-door till the debts of

the defunct are paid, relate to some widespread

historical custom ?

be a favourite with children, and may amuse To return, this collection will, we are sure, the poetical charm and piquant originality of some older readers, who will delight to trace the lamented narrator.

WENTWORTH WEBSTER.

speeches, lamented that he had been born in The late Lord Derby, in one of his last a prae-scientific age. A like avowal would doubtless have been made by Fernan Caballero had she been aware of the amount of scientific study now given to these "Cuentos Infantiles," for the publication of which she thought it necessary to apologise. Fernan Caballero did not, like Tennyson, believe that it would cramp the use" of a fairy tale "to hook it to some useful end." On the contrary, the charm for adult readers in this collection will mainly consist in observing with what gentle feminine malice she contrives to acu-puncturate the objects of her special dislike through In fact, in these nursery stories. her last volume, F. Caballero comes near to being spiteful and bitter as it was in her nature to be. In her earlier works, as in Lagrimas, she draws amusing caricatures of Liberal deputies; and we feel as we read that these are meant to be caricatures. But in these versions of fairy tales she seriously sets herself to train up the young idea from its earliest growth to a detestation of all that she herself hates. It is the veiled allusions to contemporary political and social heresies which make this volume so peculiarly difficult to translate, especially when, as in the present case, the translator deprives himself of the assistance of notes. If these THIS little volume deserves notice. It conallusions are omitted, nearly all the origin-tains eleven short sermons preached in the ality and much of the fun of Caballero's chapel, it may be presumed, of Keble College; versions are lost; if they are inserted without and to these is added an interesting and notes, they are altogether outside the world suggestive paper chiefly concerned with some of an English child. Thus the victorious of the present relations of science and religion. liar in "A Tale of Taradiddles," instead of being rewarded, as in the genuine fairy tale, is perpetually issuing from the British press, with the hand of the princess, is appointed one does not often come across sermons of the by Caballero editor of the Gazette, in order kind we have here. They are not eloquent to explain the Spanish saying, "You lie worse displays; they are not specimens of closely than the Gazette." "The Bird of Truth" is concatenated reasoning; they are meditative turned into a moral tale, to show the wide-addresses, warm with an underlying ardour, spreading corruption of French Socialist ideas. But this part of the story is either altered or omitted in the translation, being considered, we suppose, as a specimen of "the remarkable way in which equivocal themes are treated in the original, and that in stories avowedly infantile." "

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be difficult to do otherwise, but in the tale as here given we think an intelligent child will wonder why the swallow blushes or faints away at all. A more decided mistake of the translator occurs in the conclusion of "The Girl who (to the Horror of her Father) wanted Three Husbands," but who was eventually restored to life by the joint exertions of her three suitors. Her first exclamation is not " You see, father, that I must marry all three," but " You see, father, that I had need of all three "; "Cómo los necessitaba á los tres "-a much prettier specimen of girlish delight at having the last word and proving oneself to be right after all. Trueba, as a scientific recorder of folklore, is almost as untrustworthy as Fernan

Sermons Preached in a College Chapel. With an Appendix. By J. R. Illingworth. (Macmillan.)

In the mass of homiletical literature that

and illuminated at frequent points by a rare and exquisite truthfulness of portraiture both of thought and feeling. This last feature, so extremely rare in discourses from the pulpit, gives a penetrative directness to the preacher's words, and marks them with a characteristic signature.

Death is a commonplace of the pulpit, as it is of human history. It would be easy to find more elaborate descriptions of the last scene, but I cannot recal any instance of the treatment of this much-handled theme that will touch us more closely than the following:

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"There must come a moment, sooner or later, when the commonplace We must all die' will, in the language of our great novelist, transform I must die, and soon.' And I will ask you for itself suddenly into the concrete consciousness,

a few minutes to forestall that transformation

to-night. Picture yourselves, each one of you, lying in his own death-chamber, with the attendants moving softly, and your watch ticking out the minutes, and the food and medicine, now useless, put away from your

bedside, and as the shadows close around you, and the walls of your very being seem to fall in upon themselves, and you sink alone Intot he nothingness, where no human eye can follow you, no human voice can penetrate, no numan love can protect you-ask yourselves, my brethren, what it is that will be ending there. Three things will be ending-life, and thought, and love. All the bright physical life of flashing eye, and flushing cheek, and pulsing blood, and its exuberance and energy and joy are failing, fainting, fading into pasture for the worm. All the wide range and versatility of intellect, that has so often done more than compensate the loss of bodily capacity by the delirious intoxication of what has seemed to be

omnipotence, is narrowing into impotence, imbecility, and nothingness. And, last of all, the very love that has shed its lustre over life and thought, and seemed only to gather strength and purity as they successively declined-love, too, will be passing from you as you swoon into the darkness and your nearest and your dearest press their lips to you in vain. Life will have ended, thought will have ended, love will have ended. Aristotle did not exaggerate when he said, Death is of all things the most terrible, for it is the end.""

It will be seen throughout the volume that the preacher is effective, not by the force of his blows, but by the skill with which he makes his sharp blade pierce. The sermons on the "Consequences of Sin" and on "Penitence" are illustrations of what I mean. Certainly the more grave and solemn aspects of duty and religion predominate throughout these sermons. This is not mentioned as though I considered it a fault. Indeed, I suspect that whatever elements of truth underlay the cheery boyishness (I am reluctant to say manliness, though it is the favourite term in this connexion) of the Muscular Christianity school have by this time received their ample recognition from the young. The truth is, there is little need at Oxford, or elsewhere, to urge young Englishmen not to be over-introspective or allow their consciences to trouble them too much.

But in Mr. Illingworth's seriousness and severity there is nothing of a despairing tone. Of this we have an illustration in the following passage:

sance. 'Say not then, therefore, what is the
cause that the former days were better than
these ?""

Here and there I have been reminded of

the manner of the present Dean of St. Paul's,
which is no small merit judged according to
the measure with which I estimate our living
preachers.
JOHN DOWDEN.

Shropshire Word-Book: a Glossary of Archaic
and Provincial Words, &c., used in the
County. By Georgina F. Jackson. Part
III. (Trübner.)

a

[DEC. 10, 1881.-No. 501.

NEW NOVELS.

Dick Netherby. By L. B. Walford. (Black-
wood.)
By Harriett Jay.

Two Men and a Maid.
In 3 vols. (F. V. White.)
Story of a Sin. By Helen Mathers. In 3
vols. (Chapman & Hall.)

The Bride's Pass. By Sarah Tytler. (Chatto
& Windus.)

My Red Cross Knight. (Cornish.)
The Story of Penelope. By Emma Jane
Worboise. (Clarke.)

Joyce Morrell's Harvest. By Emily Sarah
Holt. (Shaw.)

THE concluding part of Miss Jackson's Shropshire Glossary fully bears out the high estimate we had formed of it from the earlier THE author of Mr. Smith has in Dick instalments. It is certainly one of the most Netherby-a comfortable one-volume work— amusing dictionaries in existence. We have often thought, when wearily turning over the Scottish life that have appeared for many given us one of the best studies of humble pages of some of our great authorities, that, years. It reminds me of Wilson's Lights and if they had had some slight sense of humour, Shadows more than of any late sketches of the examples with which we are furnished would have been chosen with more skill. characters are everything. the same kind. The plot is nothing; the Miss Jackson; the examples light up the phil- Netherby, a high-spirited young gamekeeper, It is simply a This complaint can never be made against chapter in the moral discipline of Dick ology like one of Leech's wood-cuts, and are, the son of the " many of them, equally charming. A writer Lord Galt's home farm on the Border, who grieve," or manager, of in a contemporary some few years ago ex- is nearly brought to ruin by the schemes pressed astonishment bordering on incredulity of his mother. Marion Netherby, who had that the common people should have such originally been an English lady's maid, full of racy ideas and quaint modes of thought as paltry affectations and ambitions, and whose were revealed by a Glossary of an Eastern vanities unfortunately survive her husband's shire. His scepticism will, we hope, be cured death, would be perfect as a portrait but for on reading Miss Jackson's pages. He will the palpable Scottish "malice" which every find that the humour of the folk who live feature is allowed to disclose. The author's by hand-labour is not confined to washed county, or even to the limits of the tock, the resolute and shrewd Scotsmansea- heart is evidently more with Robin McClinDanelagh. There are many useful things sort of Dandie Dinmont developed into an recorded in Miss Jackson's pages which do elder of the Kirk - who succeeds John not naturally fall within dictionary limits as Netherby as "grieve," and who frustrates the word is commonly understood. instance, we have a very full catalogue of the characters are carefully drawn-plain, For Marion's match-making designs. But all waggoners' words for horses. Some persons but genuine, Meg McClintock; manly, oldthink this trivial. We do not, for we fashioned Lord Galt; Nancy Irvine, who hold it to be highly probable that they are throws over her lover when he comes to her among the oldest words in European speech."in drink," but returns to him when he is The words addressed to animals are much penitent and lame; and poor, hot-headed, alike in widely separated places. A Lincoln- badly nurtured Dick himself. The Scottish shire farmer, who has had occasion to attend dialect is of the best quality, and is shown to cattle markets in the Netherlands, tells us that the words which he hears drovers use great advantage in Mrs. McClintock's descripthere and at home are identical. There is a tions of Marion. list of place-names at the end which may useful to others besides antiquaries and students of language. The light of nature will not always tell what place is meant when we are listening to the conversation of a person who uses the colloquial not the book names for places. That Auberton is Albrighton is easy of comprehension, but we should not think anyone preternaturally stupid who failed to see that Lynea must be Lyneal, or Oosasson, Woolstaston.

may

be

"There is a tendency in every age to make the
most of its own sum of evil, and one of the
evils which nowadays we often hear exaggerated
is the alienation of our intellect from our faith.
But there have lived brave men before and after
Agamemnon; and no race or generation can
claim a monopoly of disbelief. Scepticism,
materialism, pantheism-each of them in turn
professed to be the last word of Greek and
Roman civilisation. And when ancient society
gave way before the Christian spirit and the
Northern blood, the world exchanged the cyni-
cism of decadence for the heresies of youth; and
gained for a life of doubt diversified by faith a
life of faith diversified by doubt.' The creeds
and canons of the early Church were distilled
from the waters of bitter controversy; and
throughout the centuries which some men are Miss Jackson, now that her dictionary work
fond of calling the Dark Ages, and others the is finished, promises to give us shortly her
Ages of Faith, the masses, as we gather, lived as long-promised work on the folk-lore of
in a superstition of which only the name was Shropshire. We are much pained to find
changed; while higher in society there were
sceptical opinions, and courtiers made infidel from a notice contained in this last part of
epigrams, and men of science were atheistic, the Glossary that her health has failed her,
and the cloister gave asylum for nonconformity and that the editing of this latter work must
of religious thought. The Renaissance only be left to a friend.
published what for ages the world had been

thinking, and the last three centuries have only

developed what was contained in the Renais

EDWARD PEACOCK.

"The sicht o' her prancin' up to the door an
here an' flichterin' there, garred me lauch sae,
tippin' up to her chair wi' yon nipkin flichterin
I kenned na whaur to pit mysel'. Sae dressed
up, mim-mou'd a mistress ne'er sat i' my muckle
chair afore. . . . To see yon
wauchlin' ben, wi' her upset chin, an' yaumerin'
tongue, an' me in a kauch o' wark, an' Meg
kirnin, an' a' the hoose wrang side up'maist—

woman come

it was mair than I could weel thole."

a

We regret that we have not a good word to say of Miss Jay's new story. It is evident that she is succumbing to the temptation that besets the promising novelist, and is writing too much and too rapidly. Richard Glamorgan, the hero of Two Men and Maid, is a gloomy maniac who, after he has won the heart of the "maid" of the story, tells her how he had been ruined by a mistress, and how he is a very terrible and tragic fellow indeed. He is as good as his word, for he permits her to believe that he has been murdered in "the China Seas"-a

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