THE EXISTENCE OF THE "SUTTA-NIPATA" IN CHINESE. Wood Green, N.: Nov. 20, 1881. There is a short history of Sabhiya in Hardy's Manual of Buddhism (second edition, pp. 261, 262), and a much longer one in Prof. Beal's Romantic History of Buddha (pp. 280-84). (The Chinese translator seems to have had ver. 526 of the Pâli text in view :-He who, after examining both kinds of senses, internally and externally, is endowed with a clear understanding and has conquered evil and good, such a one is called a pandita [wise] by being so.) Living above the world and all other worlds, awaiting the is called virtuous. The Sinhalese account from the Amawatura states that "the answers given by Buddha [to Sabhiya] appear in the Sabhiya-sutta." time of Nirvâaa; he Now this sutta forms a part of the Mahathe the Sutta-Nipâta, vagga section of English of which is to be found in Prof. Fausboll's edition (pp. 85-95; "Sacred Books of the East," vol. x., pt. ii.). Prof. Beal, in his Buddhist Tripitaka as it is known in China and Japan, says very little about the Khuddaka-nikaya (see p. 116 of his "Report") of which the Sutta-Nipâta forms a part. It is very evident, however, that the old Chinese Buddhists were well acquainted with this portion of the pitakas. There is a Chinese book, translated by Mr. Beal, containing verses almost word for word the same in meaning as some of those occurring in the Pâli Dhammapada edited by Prof. Fausböll, and possibly, therefore, derived from an older text identical with that known to the Southern Buddhists. Again, in the Romantic History of Buddha, we find not only Jâtaka stories (see ACADEMY for August 27, No. 486, p. 161), but sentences and paragraphs precisely similar to passages in the Buddha-vainsa (see Romantic History, pp. 11-16; Catena, pp. 158, 159) and the Cariyapitaka (see "The History of Sikhi Buddha" in Romantic History, p. 346)-works that form part of the Khuddaka-Nikaya; and, lastly, in the story of Sabhiyan (Romantic History, pp. 283, 284) we find a portion of the sabhiya-sutta corresponding pretty closely in sense, if not quite in language, to verses 510-17 of Fausböll's version of the Sutta-Nipâta (pp. 88, 89). The Chinese original contains much more than Mr. Beal has translated. The introduction to the Pâli sutta enables us to correct the Chinese Purna, Kasyapa (p. 283), as if they were two individuals and not one, into Purana-Kassapa, and Masakali-Gosala into Makkhali-Gosala. SUTTA NIPATA. Translation of Chinese Version by Beal, p. 284. A man who endures constant penance in search of wisdom, overcoming all doubts, and crossing over to the shore of Nirvanaletting go all thoughts of what exists, and what does not exist, thoroughly practising the rules of a Brâhmana, he is a Bikkhu. Translation of Pali Ver- He who by the path Toiling through ages of suffering, receiving births and deaths in succession, yet not soiled by the pollution of the world; this man is rightly called Buddha. "" THE BOOK OF THE He whose actions are the revolution, both the R. MORRIS. THOUSAND NIGHTS AND London: Nov. 29, 1881. from my introductory remarks, I considered it superfluous to give in the Vocabulary the meaning of those words which have been rendered in the notes, and which occur once only in their respective significations. I may also add that it seemed to me beyond the scope of the first part of my "Reader" to give, in every instance, a literal translation and full explanation of all the idiomatic phrases occurring in the text, the book being chiefly intended to be both a practical and a theoretical guide in the art of " struing German.” con In conclusion, I hope you will allow me to state that in the second edition, which will shortly appear, the notes will be thoroughly revised in accordance with the general plan of the publication, and the Vocabulary will be made complete. C. A. BUCHHEIM. APPOINTMENTS FOR NEXT WEEK. 5 p.m. London Institution: "The Relation of the Artist to his Work," by Mr. G D Leslie. 7.30 p m Aristotelin: Discussion, "Cause" 8 p.m. Society of Arts: Cantor Lenture, "Some of the Industrial Uses of the Calcium Compounds," III., hy Mr. Thomas Bolas 8 p.m. Vitoria Institute: "Mr Herbert Spencer's Theory of the Will," by the Rev. W. D. Ground. TUESDAY, Dec 6, p m. Biblical Archaeology. 8 p.m. Institution of Civil Engineers: "The Conservancy of Rivers, the Fen Districts of England," by Mr. W. H. Wheeler. 8 pm. Shorthand. Entomological. Rev. Dr. Badger addressed his letter to myself WEDNESDAY, Dec 7, 7 pm PROF. BUCHHEIM'S "MODERN GERMAN READER." me "Want of care "has so rarely, if ever, been charged to in the production of my educational works that I trust you will allow me to say a single word with regard to the remarks in the last number of the ACADEMY on my Modern German Reader. I will at once admit that a number of words are wanting in the Vocabulary; but this defect, which is met with more or less in the first edition of nearly every vocabulary, is entirely owing to the carelessness of my copyist. I have still with me the original copy, which every word occurring in the volume. The reproach, however, that the signification of all the words translated in the notes is not given at the same time in the Vocabulary is, allow me to say, unmerited; for, as may be seen contains 8 p.m. Mathematical: "Tae Polar Planes of Four Quadrics," by Mr. William Spottiswoode; 8me Firms of Cubic Determinants," by Mr. R F Scot; Tas Fi of a Viscous Liquid through a Pipe," by Prof. Greennill. 8 30 p m. Antiquaries. by Pro A. H. Caurch. 8 p.m. New Shikspere: "Three Passages in Hamlet, with Prior Instance of All the World's a stage,'" by Dr Brinsley Nicholson; "Romeo and Juliet," by Miss E. H. Hickey SATURDAY, Dec. 10, 3 p.m. Physical. SCIENCE. SOME PHILOSOPHICAL PUBLICATIONS. The Metaphysics of the School. By Thomas Harper, SJ. Vol. II. (Macmillan.) We take note of the appearance of the second volume of this imposing work. Father Harper's object, it will be remembered, is to obtain a hearing for what he calls the School-in other words, for the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas-and with this object in view he undertakes not only to overcome the difficulties caused by the prejudice against metaphysics in general, but to induce the class which he addresses-viz., English students and men of letters-to concern themselves with scholastic teaching in particular. In this second volume between 700 and 800 pages are devoted to the elucidation of St. Thomas's teaching on the Principles of Being, and on the causes of Being, the whole concluding with two Appendices one on the teaching of St. Thomas concerning the Genesis of the Material Universe, and the other on the meaning of certain terms. There are points, of interest rather than of value, in which the second volume has the advantage of its predecessore.g., a criticism of the synthetical a priori judgments of Kant-directed to show that synthetical a priori judgments are impossible. The author takes, for instance, the two physical judgments quoted by Kant, "In all changes of the material world the quantity of matter remains unchanged," and "In all communication of motion, action and reaction must always be equal." His criticism begins with the statement that Quantity is an accident of material substance; and that so far is the judgment in question from being true that, on the contrary, no accident of bodily substance is obnoxious to more frequent changes. Proceeding thus from dogmatic denial of the Kantian conception of Quantity-i.e., not taking the trouble to understand Kant's proposition, but confusing quantity as an attribute of the material world with quantity as an attribute of individual material objects, and interpreting matter as here used by Kant to mean "primordial matter," an interpretation a little astonishing-the author has no difficulty in showing that the first of these judgments is "not physical, but metaphysical; that it is not a principle, but a deduced conclusion; and that it is not synthetical, but purely analytical." So, too, the second is allowed to be synthetical, but is asserted to be not a priori. Readers of Kant will, we fear, find all this a little bizarre, and will content themselves with addressing to Father Harper, more for his information than their own, the question "Understandest thou what thou readest ?" To men of 'science we commend Appendix A., in which the true doctrine of evolution, as found in Aquinas, is contrasted with "modern exaggerations' of that principle. The nineteen pages filled with this subject afford much to amuse. THE article of most general interest in the current number of Brain is one on "The Reflex Inhibitory Centre Theory," from the pen of Dr. Alexander James. The writer reviews the results of other's researches, and gives experiments of his own which, together, go to show that, when the higher nerve centres are removed, the time occupied by reflex action diminishes, and the intensity of the muscular contraction increases. Dr. James looks on this result as due, not to the removal of any inhibition," but simply to the mechanical effect of cutting off extraneous channels for the of reflexes, by severance of the higher centres, nervous energy concerned. The intensification is thus only a case of the general phenomenon of "concentration of nerve force." This can be brought about in one of two ways, " 'centre of a background of tangibility; theirs, I believe, of scientific investigation like Lotze do not is a series of continuous and mutually related appear to have taken Mr. Seth's view. And smells, with a background of visibility." But we cannot say that his present paper succeeds perhaps this way of putting it is slightly mis- in making good his claim. The question is not leading. Tangibility is a background with us, whether Hegel found his "notion" and its because we customarily have the sight of an “evolution" in our actual every-day thoughtobject before the touch, or because sight is every philosopher must, it is obvious, obtain his a kind of anticipatory touch. But the dog does dominant conception from some region of exnot smell objects before looking at them. It perience; but the question is whether he did not would rather seem that odorousness is the back-detach this conception, in appearance at least, ground, though it may be true, as Mr. Allen from all human thought and experience for the contends, that sniffing often does duty for very purpose of accounting for this last. It sight. A paper by Mr. C. F. Keary, on seems to us that Mr. Seth himself admits that "The Homeric Words for 'Soul," " very well he did, when he says that "the imagined illustrates the mutual gain of combining philo- dialectic which drives thought out of itself does logical and pyschological study. The history not exist." That is to say, the attempt to of the early employment of words like euuós deduce the world from the necessary evoluand yux is well fitted to throw light on primi- tions of the notion can, in the very nature tive conceptions, while the full meaning of these of the case, have no foundation in experience. terms is quite inaccessible to one who has not made an effort to think himself into this primitive psychology. An article on "G. H. Lewes's Posthumous Volumes," by Mr. Carveth Read, shows all that writer's incisive critical power at its best. Mr. Read undoubtedly puts his finger on Lewes's weak point when he speaks of his "habit of substituting the suggestiveness of an essay for the comprehensiveness and precision appropriate to the treatise," and when he accuses him of being over-concerned to show himself original. Yet perhaps the critic's Antoine Arnauld: his Place in the History of At least it strikes us that the last volume of the estimate falls a little short of perfect justice. Logic. By Framjee R. Vicagee. (Bombay: Problems calls for more consideration than the Printed at the Education Society's Press, Byculla.) This little pamphlet deserves a word of essayist bestows on it. Another contribution to notice, not so much, perhaps, for its contribu- the doctrine of "Mind-Stuff" is given us by tions to the subject of which it treats as because Mr. T. Whittaker, who ingeniously tries to of its author and the country in which it ap- paternity, between Schopenhauer's doctrine of show a close relationship, amounting almost to pears. It is still true that, so far as is known, will and Clifford's theory of mind-atoms. The only two nations independently originated and conceived the science of logic without impulse idealism, and both proceed by taking up the says that they both have their start in from without-viz., the Hindus and the Greeks. last results of physical and psychical science. The unsteady movements of early life in Our logic derives wholly from the Greeks. It is not easy to see how any theory of " In this pamphlet we have a Hindú, presumably things walking, &c., are due to a want of concentratrained in the native logic, treating in English Mr. Whittaker argues that the idea of mind-side the channeling out of definite tracts within can have its origin in idealism. tion, and training involves on the physiological of a portion of European logic, with no refer- stuff is proof against the attacks of idealism on ence at any point to that of his own country. the old ideas of substance; yet it may be author ingeniously suggests that the wellwhich nerve energy may be concentrated. The It is to this circumstance and what it suggests doubted whether "unfelt feelings "-that is to known connexion of ignorance and obstinacy that we attribute the interest of the pampalet. say, feelings out of all relation to a conscious- illustrates the same principle. We cannot expect that it should contain much Ignorance that is otherwise valuable or much that is new; substances. Nor is the Hegelian, or any other various elements or regions of the brain, ness-are more easily conceived than unknown means few paths of connexion between nor does it. The writer is auxious rather to idealist, likely to accept the essayist's contention whereas enlightenment involves many such refer every statement he makes to the authority that we can understand the development of routes. Consequently, the nervous discharges of some modern European logician than to pro-consciousness out of these atomic feelings in the first case are likely to be more circumpound new views of his own. He shows in scribed, and therefore more energetic. Another doing this a wide acquaintance with the literaarticle on "Mirror-writing," by Dr. Ireland, ture of modern logic extending to works so describes a curious phenomenon which occarecently published as Mr. Carveth Read's Theory of Logic and Prof. Jevons' Studies in Deductive This is the unlearnt impulse to write with sionally presents itself in cerebral disease. Logic. He seeks, under these conditions, to show-(1) what Arnauld owed to others, (2) right to left-with the result of forming words the left hand backwards-that is to say, from what he rejected, (3) what he added of his own, and (4) which of his additions survive. The as they would appear when seen in a mirror, work is modestly done, and will doubtless or when looked at through a thin sheet of interest some readers in this country should paper. The phenomenon, so far as it has been they chance upon it. observed, appears to be connected with lefthandedness. As to its explanation, the author throws out a suggestion at the close of his article which he allows to be somewhat specula tive. IN the current number of Mind, Mr. Grant Allen writes in his usual felicitous manner on the relative development of sight and smell in different classes of vertebrates. His general conclusion is that, as we ascend from the lower to the higher parts of the scale of vertebrates, we find smell losing and sight gaining in importance. This proposition, combined with the doctrine of evolution, is made to yield some curious conjectures-as, for example, that the close connexion between the olfactory lobe and the cerebral hemispheres in man and the highest vertebrates is a monument of the fact that the brain was first developed in connexion with the sense of smell. The writer has an interesting speculation on the meaning of the external world to the animals in which scent takes the place of vision: “Our world is a picture with writer in themselves because relations are always implicitly present difference. scious sensation. modern psychology and modern physiology "by preventing overflow of nerve force from the E Having undergone a short course of the scientific instruction provided by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, he was granted a loan of instruments to enable him to make useful geographical observations, and proceeded to his destination about a year and a-half ago. Mr. McCall has since been actively at work, and had formed several stations as far as Bemba in the Manvanga district; but circumstances compelled his return to the Lower Congo, and the advanced station remained under the charge of Messrs. Lanceley and Clarke. Mr. McCall recently had the satisfaction to receive a small steamer, named the Livingstone, and when last heard from was anxiously awaiting the arrival of Kroo boys from Cape Palmas to enable him to proceed again to the upper river. He had suffered from time to time from fever; and it is to be presumed that a sudden access of ill-health determined him to return home for a time. His condition, however, became so serious that he remained at Madeira, where he died at the age of thirty-one, another victim to the climate of Africa. TRAVEL NOTES. THE Council of the Royal Geographical Society have at length determined to issue, as part i. of their large map of Eastern Equatorial Africa, the seven sheets which are completed out of the twenty-five of which it is eventually to consist. Mr. Stanford will be the publisher. By the return of the Golden Fleece to San Francisco on November 5 we learn at last that Lieut. Ray has safely reached Point Barrow, where he is to establish for the United States' Signal Service their second Polar meteorological station and observatory, the other being at Lady Franklin Bay. The party sailed from San Francisco in the Golden Fleece on July 18, and were met by the revenue cruiser Thomas Corwin at Plover Bay, in the Chukche peninsula, in the latter part of August. They reached Point Barrow without any difficulty, as the ice was a considerable distance from the shore; and, when the Golden Fleece left on September 17, they had made good progress with the buildings for their station, which is to be at a place some five miles west of Point Barrow. THE Geographical Society of Marseilles, presided over by M. A. Rabaud, is reaping the advantage of its position to get the first-fruits of explorers' discoveries. Only last week we stated that Mr. Pearson had given a lecture at Marseilles on his experiences of the Court of King Mtesa. Again, on November 26, a paper was read by M. Revoil, giving an account of his official mission to Somali-land. M. Revoil has brought back with him a number of pieces of pottery, &c., from tumuli, to which he is disposed to assign a Greek origin. Other remains point to a Phoenician and to a Roman occupation. DR. E. R. HEATH has returned to the United States from his exploration of the River Beni, which he followed past the mouth of the Madre de Dios to the point where it joins the Mamoré to form the Madeira. He afterwards ascended the Mamoré for some 300 miles. In the Upper Beni region a great quantity of indiarubber is collected, which will now find its natural outlet to the Amazon, since Dr. Heath has proved that the Beni may be navigated in safety. Up to the present time it bas been carried for over 200 miles across the pampas to the Mamoré. During his travels, Dr. Heath has met with numerous wild tribes, one of which is said to be a white race, with Indian features. Many traces of former occupation were found in the Beni valley, including hieroglyphs cut on the rocky banks of the river. The fauna and flora of the region are stated to include many previously undescribed species, of which collections have been made. Altogether, Dr. Heath's journey promises to make a large addition to our limited knowledge of Northern Bolivia. IT is stated that the survey of the country between Kizil Arvat, the present terminus of the Trans-Caspian railway, and Askabad has been completed; and it is found that there are no obstacles to the further extension of the railway. GEN. GWUKOFSKY is reported to be surveying the Uzboi, or old bed of the Amu-daria, through which the Russians still hope to be able to divert the waters of the river into the Caspian. A LINE of telegraph has just been finished from Shanghai to Chinkiang, about 150 miles up the Yangtsze-kiang, and at the entrance to the southern portion of the Grand Canal, along the northern part of which it is to be carried to Tientsin, and afterwards to Peking. FROM a report recently published by the German Home Ministry, we learn that that Government has expended the total sum of 290,000 marks (£18,500) upon scientific expeditions to the East coast of Greenland and to South Georgia. Meteorological and magnetic research are alone subsidised by the Government, investigations in other departments being left to the support of the German academies of science. SCIENCE NOTES. The Monumental Heads from Mallicollo.-A double number of the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, running to nearly 200 pages, has just been issued. Among the more notable papers we observe one by Prof. W. H. Flower on a collection of monumental heads and artificially deformed crania from the Isle of Mallicollo, one of the New Hebrides. The specimens under description have found a home in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. It appears that the natives of Mallicollo have a curious custom of preserving relics of their deceased friends by first burying the head until the soft parts are readily removed, and then covering the bones with a composition, so as to rudely imitate the human features. Moreover, in some of the specimens the prepared head is furnished with a removeable wig artificially made of hair and lined with leaves. Several of the illustrations which accompany the paper show the curious, not to say grotesque, effect ficial deformation of the cranium practised by thus produced, while others illustrate the artithe Mallicollese. THE success of Mr. Richard A. Proctor's new weekly scientific paper, Knowledge, is unparalleled in the history of journalism. It has just reached the fourth week of its existence, and it has already attained a circulation of 20.000 copies. A second edition of the first number to the extent of 11,000 copies has just been issued. THE second part of the systematic catalogue of the library of the Observatory of Pultova, by E. Lindemann, has just been published at St. Petersburg. It is edited, with a Preface, by O. Struve. PHILOLOGY NOTES. WE hear that 5,000 Babylonian tablets (many of them in an excellent state of preservation), discovered by Mr. Rassam in the mounds of Abu-Habba, are on their way to the British Museum. Abu-Habba is the site of Sippara, the Sepharvaim of the Old Testament. It is not impossible that this find represents the library of Sargon I., whose date is commonly given as 2,000 B.C. MR. ANANDORAM BOROOAH, whose excellent English-Sanskrit Dictionary was reviewed in the ACADEMY, is now engaged on a comprehensive grammar of the Sanskrit language, with a special view to explain all Vedic words, and what are regarded as Vedic irregularities. RÁM DÁS SEN, the Zemindar of Berhampore, has issued a new edition of his Sanskrit ode to the Congress of Orientalists at Berlin, with an English translation by Pandit Shamaji Krish navarman. AMONG the classical works to be published by Messrs. Macmillan and Co. within the next few months are the following:-In "The Classical Library," an edition of the Annals of Tacitus, by Prof. G. O. Holbrooke, of Trinity College, Hartford, U.S.A. In "The Classical Series," Livy, Books II. and III., edited by Books II. and III., edited by Mr. E. W. Howson; the Rev. H. M. Stephenson; Virgil's Aeneid, and Plutarch's Life of Themistocles, edited by the Rev. H. A. Holden. In "The Elementary Classics," the Third Book of Horace's Odes, edited by Mr. T. E. Page; and A School Greek Grammar, by Prof. W. W. Good win. this winter at the Ecole des Hautes-Etudes-in Two new courses of lectures will be delivered Gothic and Old High German by M. Ferdinand de Saussure, and in Assyrian by M. Amiaud. AT a recent meeting of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, M. Bréal communicated some more of his suggestive notes upon the etymology and usage of certain Latin words. Inquam is in use, as well as in form, an aorist, and not a present, being the only aorist existing in Latin. The final “ m represents the "y" of the Greek second aorist. 66 66 For its derivation we must suppose a verb, vequere," corresponding to the Greek Fén, or Tw, from which comes elov. Compounded with the preposition "in," we have-invequere, invequam, inquam. Duntaxat means strictly 'up to that point, only," as in the passage, tutor non rebus duntaxat, sed etiam moribus pupilli praeponitur." It is derived from "dum" and taxat," an ancient subjunctive form, akin to "tangere." The original meaning would therefore be "provided that it touches the proposed limit and does not pass it." Solus, = Ac alone, is identical with "sollus" (? Greek xos), meaning "entire," from which also are derived sollemnis, sollers, &c. cording to a conjecture of M. Gréard, "sola sub nocte" in Vergil would thus mean "in the dead of night." Paene, almost, originally as "penitus.' meant " altogether," being from the same root The German "fast" exemplifies the same change of signification, which is due to the natural tendency towards exaggeration in talking. Oblivisci, with a genitive, → to forget, is a false analogy, founded on the construction of "memini.' efface," may be seen in the line of VergilIts primitive meaning, "to "nunc oblita mihi tot carmina." In derivation, "Je me it is connected with "oblitero." A similar false analogy is found in the French souviens," instead of "Il me souvient." MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY.—(Thursday, Nov. 17.) H. A. J. MUNRO, ESQ., President, in the Chair.— Mr. Postgate read a paper on "The Reform of the Pronunciation of Latin and Greek, considered as a Practical University Question." After answering some preliminary objections, he briefly indicated nunciation, and, beginning with Latin, showed how the arguments in favour of corrections in promuch was lost by the present anomalous system. On this subject he quoted an illustration from Dr. Henry's Aeneidea, vol. iii., p. 72, note, on immanis hiatu, "These words are no less happy in sound than in sense, and a good reader or reciter will open his mouth wide in pronouncing them, and dwell on the long a in the middle of each, so as to symbolise the wide yawning mouth of the cave. I do not hesitate to give my adhesion to the Eanian commentator (Hessel, p. 243) when he says, 'sed nescio quid occultioris artificii in his latent ut cum Acherontis meminerunt poetae semper fere a literam inculcent crebrisque utantur collisionibus quod in illis etiam patet versibus quos in Andromache retulimus Acherusia templa alta Orci pallida He dwelt in particular on the necessity of re- ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.-(Tuesday, Nov. 22.) HYDE CLARKE, Esq., V.-P., in the Chair.Mr. E. B. Tylor read a paper on "The Asiatic Relations of Polynesian Culture." The author called attention to some new evidence relating to the transmission of civilisation from the Indo-Chinese district of Asia, through the Indian Archipelago, to Melanesia and Polynesia. The drawings of wooden tombs in Borneo by Mr. Carl Bock show architectural designs apparently derived from the roofprojections of the pagodas of Cochin-China. The flute played with the nostrils may be traced from India (where it is said to have a ceremonial use to prevent defilement through touching a low-caste mouth), through South-east Asia into Borneo, to the Fiji Islands, and down to New Zealand. Among the traces of mythical ideas having spread from Asia into the South Sea Islands, Mr. Tylor mentioned the notion of seven or ten heavens and hells, apparently derived from the planetary spheres of the Pythagoreans. The Scandinavian myth of the fishing-up of the Midgard-serpent bears, as Prof. Bastian, of Berlin, has pointed out, a striking resemblance to Mani's fishing up the Island of New Zealand; and the Mavri myth of the separation of heaven and earth has one of its best representations among the Dayaks of Borneo. Leaving the ques. tion of race on one side, it is becoming more and more certain that much of the culture of the Polynesians came in some way from civilised nations of Asta-The following papers were also read :-" On Fijian Riddles," by the Rev. Lorimer Fizon; "On 33 the Stature of the Inhabitants of Hungary," by Dr. J. Beddoe; and "Notes on the Affinity of the Melanesian, Malay, and Polynesian Languages,' by the Rev. R. H. Codrington -The discussion on Mr. Codrington's paper was adjourned to the next meeting, on December 13. ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE.-(Wednesday, Nov. 23.) J. HAYNES, ESQ., in the Chair.-Mr. Trelawny Saunders read a paper on "The Survey of Western Palestine, as executed by the Officers employed by the Palestine Exploration Fund," in which he gave a detailed account of the great geographical value of the work which had been done during the last seven or eight years. The survey, he stated, extended from the Kasimiyeh, or Litany River, on the north, to Gaza and Beersheba on the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea. The whole of the area surveyed covers more than 6,000 square miles; and, besides the time occupied in field work, more than two years have been required for the praparation of the map for publication. general results are-a large map on the scale of one mile to an inch, in twenty-six sheets; a reduction from this large map on the scale of about two miles and three-quarters to an inch, in six sheets; numerous special plans of towos, buildings, ruins, &c.; with a list of more than 9,000 names of places, a remarkable proportion of which have been identified with those in the Bible. The SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.—(Thursday, Nov. 24.) HENRY REEVE, ESQ, V.-P., in the Chair.-The Secretary read the report of a committee, consisting of Messrs. Clarke, Milman, and Micklethwaite, appointed during the summer to visit Stonehenge and consider the desirability of raising the fallen trilithon, and the long stone which rests in a slanting position upon a shorter one, and may be expected to break or fall in no long time. Various methods of raising the trilithon were discussed, and the danger of loosening other stones by the necessary disturbance of the ground referred to. As to the leaning stone, one of the committee suggested that it should be supported in its present position by a brick buttress, and other members of the society suggested the application of concrete to the base both of that and of other stones. The general opinion of the meeting was against the desirability of doing more than might be absolutely necessary to prevent future injury. FINE ART. THE DUDLEY GALLERY. THE winter exhibition at the Dudley contains a number of pretty little pictures, but it is not as interesting as usual. Besides most of the more important names on the committee, we miss those of some foreign artists who have ordinarily added much to its attraction. There is little that is choice, still less that is noble, nothing that is humorous enough to raise more than the faintest smile, poetry flickers only here and there, and even the diversion of folly and eccentricity is denied. though most of the pictures have some charm, the task of criticising them is both dull and difficult. In short, The place of honour is accorded to Mr. Phil. Morris's picture, entitled Voice of the Deep (175), representing two girls walking dangerously near (as it seems to us) to a great moonlit wave. The effect of light and the motion of the water are very cleverly rendered, and the picture has a poetic charm which is rare in the instance of an artist of established reputation who has something new to tell us of himself The only other instance of this is, we think, Mr. Hamilton Maccallum, whose Our Take (70) is not only rich and subtle in light and colour, but striking and original. Covered as they are with many-hued reflections, there is a true heave beneath his gleaming waves, and their pearly iridescence is beautifully room. It is still more remarkable here as an carried on and emphasised in the brilliant "take" of crisp mackarel which lies tumbled out upon the beach. Mr. C. E. Holloway's Leigh on Thames (245) is another picture to be thankful for, simple as its subject is. Not little of the old Dutch masters' feeling for light and pure bright colour is seen in his singularly luminous sky and water in contrast with Charles Thornely's Dutch Boats (77) is also a the black tarred sheds and red tiles. Mr. picture waich deserves special attention for its successful rendering of a seldom-painted, but not uncommon, evening effect in the land of dykes and barges, when, with your back to the descending sun, sky and meadow and water seem suffused with a tender blue. From Mr. MacWhirter we have, as usual, an original effect cleverly painted; but his Bridge of Sighs (253) is somewhat of a disappointment after his very striking Venetian picture of last Mr. Arthur Severn has also, we year. think, thrown away a good deal of careful and highly accomplished work upon his View of Amiens in the Early Morning (211). It is pleasant to turn from this chilly, uncomfortable scene to Mr. Joseph Knight's two pretty landscapes (39 and 78), specially remarkable in this exhibition for their pure, sound painting and careful finish. Though scarcely more cheerful than Mr. Severn's picture, there is sentiment in the sadness of Mr. Henry Harper's Disestablished (332) which has more originality and poetic feeling than any work we remember from the same hand. Among the other larger landscapes are contributions from Messrs. Henry Moore, Alfred Parsons, Mark Fisher, Ernest Waterlow, and other well-known artists which sustain their reputations; and there are two by Mr. William Smalt and one by Mr. Yglesias which seem to us specially noticeable for their colour and deft, if sketchy, execution. More carefully finished and quite charming in its quiet way is Mr. J. Hetherington's Tares (291), and the power of Mr. Edwin Ellis' Coming in with the Tide-Whitby (333) and the quiet beauty of Mr. Sidney Paget's Broken Sheds (98) deserve remark. In figure subjects the exhibition is poor. Mr. John Collier does not succeed in making his artist struggling with a lay figure amusing as he wishes, but his A Few Cushions (110) is a charming piece of colour. To A B cutter (229) the untimely fate of its promising young designer, J. Watson Nicol, lends a sad, special interest, and criticism can do nothing but point to its vigour of conception and careful execution. Mr. Fred Morgan sends a strong study of Gipsies Winnowing (260), and Mr. Macbeth a small replica of his beautiful Fe Flood (90). Exquisite in colour and fairy-like in the delicacy of its handling is Mr. Arthur Hughes' Beauty in the Palace of the Beast (149). The gossamer garment which Beauty is handling seems woven of the same material as that fine piece of muslin which the White Cat enclosed in a nutshell for the young Prince. Alas! that we should have anything to complain of in 80 sweet a picture, but to our uncharmed eyes Beauty's head seems far too small for her body. Mr. Thomas Dicksee's beautifully painted Charmian (141), Mr. Val Prinsep's Sweet Pale Margaret (50), the thoughtful, refined faces drawn by Miss Rosa Koberwein and Mrs. Koberwein Terrell (3 and 223), and Mr. R. J. Gordon's Clarissa (234) are perhaps the best of the single figures. Mr. F. G. Cot man's The Picture Book (41) and Mr. Arthur Stock's Her Last Sacrament (414) are the best of the domestic scenes; but Mr. Charles' Y Young Turk (378) is strong, if unrefined in execution, and Mr. Frank Bromley's Hortens Verschilde (176) is a clever piece of work. We have reserved to the last the mention of s few small works which are not only pretty but choice. Miss Dorothy Tennant's Boy Piping (402), if too evidently imitative of Correggio, is at least an exquisite little figure. Mr. Blinks' Here They Come (71) reveals the presence of a new animal painter of great promise. Rare in its beauty of colour and deftness of execution is Miss Hilda Montalba's Waiting for Bespo (37). For pure, clear painting, no picture here is more remarkable than Mr. J. O'Connor's Street in Verona (56), unless it be Mr. Logsdail's In a Ducal Court, Venice (27), or his Santa Maria della Salute (403); and when we have added Mr. | Clausen's Portrait (429), Mr. Clem Lambert's bright little seaside bits (401 and 407), Mr. J. Anderson's Peeling Potatoes (399), Miss Jessica Hayllar's The Best of Friends must part (431), Mr. Couldery's Punch (400), and Mr. R. W. West's Claypit (404), we are not at all sure that we have not missed a few equally deserving. As long as those responsible for the hanging of the pictures at the Dudley continue to floor small and minutely executed works, such injustice can scarcely be avoided. To go down on all fours in a picture gallery not only once or twice, but a dozen times, is more than can be expected of visitors, even if they be critics. It was only by this process that we were able to discover the careful execution of Mr. Herbert Lyndon's In Winter (13), or that Mrs. Gosse's two little upright landscapes contained a great deal of tender work, both of flowers and cloud. Is it not possible to erect another screen? In sculpture the ladies and the animals have it their own way. Miss Alice Chaplin's Kittens are full of spirit and finely modelled, and the latter epithet at least may be applied to Miss Hannah Burlow's Inquisitive Neighbour. There is also a painted kitten, which we had nearly forgotten. It will be found (and is worth finding) in Miss Ada Tucker's clever Harmony in Black and Gold (269). tion of the pictures and their excellent condition are borne in mind. The two Backhuysens sold for about £440; the two Berchems for about £500 ; the Vue de Ville, one of the pleasantest subjects of Berkheyde, who, it must always be remembered, is very inferior to van der Heydea, for £130. A similar sum was obtained for the Enfant prodique of van Graat. The de Hoch, though a lovely subject, was perhaps a little cold in colour. It realised nearly £900 (Rickoff). Metsu's Déjeuner was bought by Sedelmeyer, of Paris, for £1,300. Mr. Taibaudeau paid over a thousand guineas for the irreproachable little Ostade, Le Buveur. La Dentellière, by van Slingeland, certainly one of his chefs-d'œuvre, fell for nearly £800 to M. Sedelmeyer. Sorg's La Cuisine was bought for some members of the Bierens family. NOTES ON ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY. THE Queen has been graciously pleased to accept a copy of Sir Erasmus Wilson's Egypt of the Pust. THE four lectures on "Ornament" recently delivered by Mr. H. H. Statham at the Royal Institution will appear in the Portfolio for January and the following months. THE two water-colour exhibitions-that of actually there. Mr. Brett is represented by several pictures; among them by the popular Cornish Lions, whose curious colour is anything but pleasant, and by a very beautiful new picture-not a large one-called Philory, King of the Cliffs. A learned draughtsman of land and sea Mr. Brett invariably proves himself; his scheme of colour (which is that, he would probably say, of unassisted Nature) is the point wherein he is less certain to please, for unassisted Nature has, perhaps, uglinesses of her own, and these Mr. Brett does not eschew. But Philory, King of the Cliffs-with its blinding light and happy hues of gold and emerald and sapphire-is one of the most delightful instances of his art. Mr. Hook is represented excellently. He has six pictures, of which at least three are of the first order. Noble as is the colour of his Mushroom Seekers, that work is excelled in some respects by Ill blows the Wind that profits Nobody, a design into which Mr. Hook has conveyed the full sense of an intricate sea, blown this way and that, here caught up, and MR. BROWNING is giving sittings to two here rolling unimpeded, and of many hues in artists for his portrait-to Mr. Frith, who has many places. The fisher figures are admirable. naturally put him into the picture he is Mr. Alfred Hunt has one of his most patient academy; and Mr. F. Sandys, who is painting painting of The Private View at the Royal and successful studies of the coast near Whitby. It is called Whitby Scar. To the left rises pre-nine sittings of three hours each. a careful portrait, and has already had eight or cipitously the great cliff range, now almost black. To the right is a threatening sky, all dark gray cloud, coloured a little near the scene of the sunset. Surely nothing can be better than the painting of the flattened rocks of the foreground-the "Scar" itself-which the sea has but lately left, and to which it will soon again return. Mr. Colin Hunter's Silver of the Sea, which everyone remembers at the Academy, holds its place worthily in Bond Street. It is harmonious as well as bright-a well-considered picture, and original. Perhaps Mr. Henry Moore's Waiting for the Boats shows him at his best. Certainly the sky, of admirable life and brightness, is one of the finest that he has ever painted. The fault that is to be found with the picture is quite an opposite one from that with which his works are usually to be charged. If his composition is sometimes too THE incomplete execution of a too compre- simple, it is here perhaps too intricate; the hensive scheme is the worst fault with which elements of his subject seem too numerous for the Fine Art Society has had to be charged in unity. The work remains, however, one of the its present exhibition. And, indeed, an exhibi- most individual and interesting he has protion of pictures of the sea which includes duced. There is a great deal of truthful effect nothing of Turner's, Stanfield's, or Cotman's and of excellent painting in Mr. Holloway's among Englishmen, and which takes no count treatment of what is at the same time prosaic of the great Dutch marine painters, must and interesting-the Entrance to Yarmouth necessarily be imperfect, though it may still be Harbour. The work is altogether spirited, and thoroughly worth seeing. We English have the bit of vivid green employed fearlessly on found ways of painting the seas with a freedom the tug in the distance is an audacity thoroughly and freshness which our elders in the art would justified by its success. In so much grayness, never have expected; and the present show in the little splash of vivid colour was wanted. Bond Street makes excellent display of that The water-colour room contains a number of freedom and that freshness, and so is quite drawings hardly worth exhibiting if it was worth a visit. But our elders had secrets of intended to show us how the sea should be their own, secrets of style, a suggestive reti- painted, and not only how it is. But drawings cence that calculated its effect; and we cannot by Mr. Oswald Brierly and Mr. Mogford are quite dispense with all their qualities because of undoubted merit. A lovely bit of colour of our own-that is, the qualities of Brett and Mr. Hine's brings the quality of a jewel among Hook and Colin Hunter-are brilliant and hues somewhat muddy and uncertain; and if vivacious. Mr. Huish writes, as a preface to anyone's vision of the sea is likely to be faithful, the catalogue, an interesting note on the paint-picturesque, and entirely his own, it is certainly ing of the sea from his own point of view. Mr. Francis Powell's. Mr. Ruskin has been confessedly in great measure his guide; and he inclines a little too strongly, we think, to the theory that when the old masters painted the sea they had not much notion of what they were painting. Of literal truth the modern men are, no doubt, more studious; but something is to be learned from William van de Velde, from Ludolph Backhuisen, even from van der Capelle at his best, even from the Frenchman, Joseph Vernet, the father of Horace. COSMO MONKHOUSE. PICTURES OF THE SEA AT THE FINE There can, however, be no need to grumble at the present exhibition on the score of what is actually there. For little that is poor is ART SALES. WE give below the prices realised by the The the Royal Society of Painters in Water-Colours WE are glad to be able to state that the exhibition of works executed by students of the City School of Art, in the Skinner Street Hall, Bishopsgate, will be opened free to the public on Sunday next (December 4), and again on Sunday week, from three to six p.m. In addition to the work of the students, some valuable pictures from the South Kensington Museum will also be shown. This is the twenty-fifth exhibition that has been held under the auspices of the Sunday Society. PROF. MASPERO has in preparation a detailed account of the objects discovered in the famous hiding-place at Tuebes. The text will be profusely illustrated with photographs. THE Boolak Museum is being considerably enlarged, in order to provide suitable accommodation for the 6,000 new objects discovered last summer at Dayr-el-Baharee, Thebes. MR. ELIHU VEDDER, the American artist whose temporary return home from Italy we recently recorded, has designed a new series of covers for the Century magazine. These will be five in all, four of them for the different seasons of the year. The centre of each consists of a female figure, surrounded with appropriate emblems for every month in the year. mid-winter cover has in the background a representation of the aurora borealis. The THE December number of The Great Historic Galleries of England contains reproductions of a portrait of a Marchioness of Westminster, by Sir Thomas Lawrence; one of an Earl of Northampton, by van Somer, at Castle Howard; and of A Boy flying a Kite, by Hugh Robinson, an artist whose name was forgotten till this vigorous work attracted attention at the last |