be effected by any arrangement. A splinter of pine, brought in contact with the foil, was slightly discolored, and gave the cha racteristic smell of charred wood. The temperature may therefore be safely estimated at between 350° and 400° F. By substituting a slip of platina foil above and below the re-agents, in place of the tinfoil, ether, alcohol, and water, dropped upon it, were successively vapourized. Phosphorus was instantly inflamed on touching the foil. A piece of fusible metal placed upon the foil was melted. 13. Hydrate of potash and solid carbonic acid were ground together in a small mortar. Sufficient heat was produced to explode gun-cotton, but the experiment is an undesirable one for repetition. The experiment with gun-cotton in § 3 may be diversified by placing a portion of cotton, wet with alcohol, near but not in contact with the gun-cotton. The alcohol is then ignited by the explosion of the latter. 14. The reaction of solid carbonic acid with liquids and solutions, is referable, to some extent, to the same principle as its reaction with bases in the dry state. When immersed in water, it combines with this latter; and, at the same time, the evolution of gas is so rapid, as to prevent the solid from touching the liquid. Owing to these causes, the temperature of the water falls only a few degrees, instead of the anticipated result of immediate congelation; and the thermometer, held in the gas escaping from the surface, indicates a temperature slightly above that of the surrounding air; this heat being the heat of combination, evolved at the point of union of the carbonic acid and the water, acting as a base. With a solution of potash the reaction is very much the same; the only observable point being, the great quantity of gas which escapes absorption. 15. When solid carbonic acid is treated with ether or alcohol, it assumes a semi-fluid state; and no chemical combination probably taking place, and the vaporization of the acid being augmented, these mixtures become of the most frigorific character, and are commonly used for this purpose. When, however, hydrate of potash is added to these in a mortar, the mixture with ether rises to a temperature probably above 40° F.; and that with alcohol still higher, with occasional violent ebullition. 16. Taking the temperature of solid carbonic acid at -148° F., and the greatest heat obtained by its reaction with the hydrated alkalies at from 350° to 400° F., there is an elevation of temperature produced in this case of more than 500° F. As this scale goes far below as well as above the natural temperature, it affords an opportunity of exhibiting the effects of intense cold and intense heat, side by side, and proceeding from the same substance. These experiments have therefore an illustrative value in connection with heat and chemical affinity, as well as with the properties of carbonic acid in the solid state. LIST OF REGISTRATIONS EFFECTED UNDER THE ACT FOR PRO- 1848. Mar. 29. William Jeakes, of 51, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, for Day's crown wind-guard and ventilator. 29. Simcox, Pemberton, & Sons, of Birmingham, for a rackpulley. 30. Hilliard & Thomason, of Birmingham, for a slide and spring safety brooch. 30. William Preist, of 420, Strand, trunk and portmanteau manufacturer, for a railway traveller's vade mecum. April 3. Henry Christopher Windle and William Dunn Blyth, of Walsall, Staffordshire, manufacturers, for part of a lock and key. 5. Robert Wilson, of Low Moor Iron Works, near Bradford, Yorkshire, for an improved sediment collector for steam-boilers. 5. William Wethered, of 60, High-street, Lynn, county of Norfolk, for a waistcoat. 7. Joseph Pimlott Oates, of Lichfield, for an improved 8. Francis Bassano, of Birmingham, for a signal lamp. 14. George Graham, of New-lane, Meadow-lane, Leeds, for 19. Charles & William Lancaster, of 151, New Bond-street, 19. Bryan Donkin, & Co., of Engineers' Works, Grangeroad, Bermondsey, for a gas-valve. 20. George Schofield, of Sheldon-row, Willey-street, Wicker, Sheffield, for an improved thumb-bit and joint for joiner's brace-pad, to act on the upright by pressure. 20. Howard Ashton Holden, of 96 and 97, Suffolk-street, Birmingham, for an improved carriage-lamp. 20. A. & M. Burton, of John's-place, Holland-street, Blackfriars, engineers, for an effluvia valve and gully grate for small sewers and drains. 22. Edwin Greenslade Bradford, of Teignmouth, county of Devon, jeweller, for a brooch-catch. 22. Robert Best, of Birmingham, for a rack-pulley. April 22. Samuel Gilbert, Jun., of Ironmonger-street, Stamford, 25. Frederick Skinner, of Hall Carr-place, Sheffield, for the 25. William Riddle, of 172, Blackfriars-road, London, for 25. Walley & Hardwick, of No. 66, and 67, Oxford-street, 25. George Palliser & Co., of 8, Finsbury-place, North, for 26. Joseph Hines & John Nicholson, of Bishop Auckland, 30. Simcox, Pemberton, & Sons, of Birmingham, for a rack- List of Patents Granted for SCOTLAND, subsequent to March 22nd, 1848. To Henry Newton, of Litton Mill, near Bakewell, in the county of Derby, cotton spinner, for improvements in spinning and doubling cotton and other fibrous substances.-Sealed 24th March. Matthew Sproule, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, engineer, for certain improvements in steam-engines.-Sealed 3rd April. William Sangster, of Regent-street, in the county of Middlesex, umbrella and parasol manufacturer, for improvements in umbrellas and parasols.-Sealed 4th April. William Mac Lardy, of Salford, in the county of Lancaster, manager, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus applicable to the preparation and spinning of cotton, wool, silk, flax, and other fibrous substances.-Sealed 4th April. James Pedder, of New Union-street, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, for certain improvements in steam-engines, and in propelling.—Sealed 6th April. William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancerylane, in the county of Middlesex, civil engineer, for an improvement or improvements in making coupling joints for pipes, nozzles, stop-cocks, still and cylinder-heads, and other apparatus,—being a foreign communication.-Sealed 11th April. Samuel Clegg, of Regent-square, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, for improvements in gas-meters.-Sealed 11th April. David Fisher, of Clerkenwell-green, in the county of Middlesex, ! boot-maker, for certain improvements in the manufacture of boots and shoes.-Sealed 11th April. Henry Heywood, of Throstle Nest Mills, Blackburn, in the county of Lancaster, cotton-spinner, for certain improvements in looms for weaving.-Sealed 13th April. Matthew Curtis, of the city of Manchester, machinist, and Robert Lakin, of Ardwick, in the county of Lancaster, machinist, for certain improvements in machines used for preparing to be spun and spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, and for weaving such substances when spun.-Sealed 17th April. John Coates, of Seedly, in the county of Lancaster, calico printer, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for printing calicoes and other surfaces.-Sealed 19th April. James Derham, manager of Thomas Willett & Co.'s Spinning Mills, Bradford, in the county of York, for certain improvements in machinery for carding, combing, preparing, and spinning cotton, wool, alpaca, mohair, flax, silk, and other fibrous materials.-Sealed 20th April. New Patents SEALED IN ENGLAND. 1848. To John Coates, of Seedley, Lancashire, calico printer, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for printing calicoes and other surfaces. Sealed 3rd April-6 months for inrolment. James Pilbrow, of Tottenham, Middlesex, engineer, for certain improvements in propelling upon railways and canals, and in the apparatus or machinery by which the same is to be accomplished. Sealed 4th April-6 months for inrolment. Michael Joseph John Donlan, of Abbots Bromley House, Staffordshire, Esq., for improved compounds or mixtures, to be used for lubricating machinery. Sealed 4th April-6 months for inrolment. Thomas John Knowlys, of Heysham Tower, near Lancaster, Esq., and William Fillis, of Shirley, Hants, merchant, for improvements in generating, indicating, and applying heat. Sealed 5th April-6 months for inrolment. Joseph Foot, of Spital-square, Middlesex, silk manufacturer, for improvements in the manufacture of sieves. Sealed 5th April -6 months for inrolment. Eugine Ablon, of Panton-street, Haymarket, for improvements in increasing the draft in chimneys of locomotive and other engines, being a communication. Sealed 8th April-6 months. for inrolment. Thomas Gill and John Edgcumbe Gill, of Plymouth, manufacturers, for improvements in the manufacture of manures. Sealed 8th April-6 months for inrolment. Thomas Potts, of Birmingham, brass tube-maker, for improvements in the manufacture of tubular flues of locomotive and other steam-boilers. Sealed 10th Apr.-6 months for inrolment. Thomas Spencer, of Prescot, Lancashire, earthenware manufacturer, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for manufacturing pipes or tubes from clay or other plastic materials; part or parts of which improvements are applicable to the manufacture of hollow earthenware. Sealed 10th April 6 months for inrolment. James Derham, manager of Thomas Willett & Co.'s Spinning Mills, Bradford, Yorkshire, for certain improvements in machinery for carding, combing, preparing, and spinning cotton, wool, alpaca, mohair, flax, silk, and other fibrous materials. Scaled 10th April-6 months for inrolment. John Ecroyd, of Rochdale, Lancashire, machine maker, and John Eccles, of the same place, mechanic, for certain improvements in valves or plugs for the passage of water. 10th April-6 months for inrolment. Sealed James Petrie, of Rochdale, Lancashire, engineer, for certain improvements in steam-engines. Sealed 10th April-6 months for inrolment. John Longworth, of Newton Heath, Lancashire, skinner and tanner, for certain improvements in pickers for power looms. Sealed 10th April-6 months for inrolment. John Masters, of Leicester, Gent., for improvements in dressfastenings and in attaching the same, and in articles made wholly or in part of certain flexible materials or fabrics. Sealed 12th April-6 months for inrolment. James Meacock, of Liverpool, Gent., for improvements in preventing and extinguishing fire in vessels, warehouses, and other buildings; parts of which improvements are applicable to ventilation. Sealed 12th April-6 months for inrolment. Henry Henson Henson, of Hampstead, Middlesex, Gent., for certain improvements in railway carriages and waggons, and in vessels of capacity, employed in the storing and conveyance. of explosive substances. Sealed 15th April-6 months for inrolment. |