nets." Among these was Mr. Steevens,* who played off his artillery against Mr. Jennens, both in the Reviews and Newspapers. He died November 20, 1773; and was buried on the 27th, in the family vault at Nether Whitacre, in the county of Warwick, where his monument is thus inscribed: "Non omnis moriar." "Here lie interred the remains of Charles Jennens, esq. of Gopsal, in the county of Leicester, who died November 20, 1773, aged 75; the last male heir, in a direct line, of an antient and most respectable family; a gentleman of sound piety, and strict adherence to the principles and practice of the Christian faith. He was learned, ard an admirer of learned men; fond of the arts, and a great encourager of them among the professors; of a liberal nature; very charitable in his life time, and in his bequests he shewed the same disposition of benevolence. He was never married; having, therefore, no children of his own, he endeavoured to become as general a parent and benefactor to mankind as possible. By his will, he provided for his relations, remembered his friends, and distributed amply to those charities which are most beneficial to society. For the propagation of the Gospel abroad, he bequeathed 500%. to six hospitals in London, 5001. each; to two others, each 2007; to the widows of clergymen in Leicestershire, 2007. ; for lectures on the Catechism, 1000!.; to schools round Gopsal, 10007.; and 2001, to the poor of adjacent townships. And to the parish of Nether Whitacre, he left ample marks of his bounty; for, having given in his life-time the great tithes, a glebe to the curacy, and 1007. towards rebuilding the church, he bequeathed, on his death, to the poor, 1007.; and endowed a school for the instruction of their children. This token of gratitude was placed here, by his nephew and executors, 1775." THE STATIONERS' COMPANY. It appears from the most authentic records, that the Company of " Stationers, or Text-writers, who wrote and sold all sorts of books then in use; namely, A. B. C. with the Pater-noster, Ave, Creede, Grace, &c." to large portious of the Bible, even to the whole Bible itself, dwelt in and about Paternoster-row. Hence we have, in that neighbourhood, Creed lane, Amen-corner, Ave-Marialane, &c. all places named after some Scripture allusion. There dwelled also turners of beads, and they were called Paternoster-makers; This malignant man was, it seems, allowed to write in the Monthly and other anonymous Reviews-EDIT. as I read in a Record of one Robert Nikke, Paternoster-maker and Citizen in the reigne of Henry the Fourth." The Company of Stationers is of great antiquity. By the authority of the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, they were formed into a Guild, or Fraternity, in the year 1403, the fourth year of King Henry IV.; and had then ordinances made for the good government of their fellowship. Thus constituted, they regularly as sembled, under the government of a master and two wardens. The first hall was in Milk-street; but, notwithstanding all the endeavours that have been made, no privilege or charter has yet been discovered, under which they acted as a corporate body. EARLY PRINTERS. Some of the earliest printers, however, were not freemen of the company; nor does it appear that any book was printed in this kingdom till 1464, when William Caxton (eitizen and mercer) opened a shop at the Sun, in Fleet-street. Caxton, was born in Lorrain. He settled Wynken de Worde, the successor of first in Westminster, and afterwards in Fleet-street, in the house which had been Caxton's. He was of the brotherhood of our lady of Assumption; and was at first a citizen and leather-seller: but in his last Will, June 5, 1545, he calls himself "citizen and stationer;" and directs to be buried in St. Bride's church. William Faques, printer to King Henry VII. in 1504, lived within St. Helen's. He died in 1511. Richard Pinson, a native of Normandy, who was also styled printer to King Henry VII., lived first at the George, in St. Clement's parish; afterwards near St. Dunstan's, where he died before 1529. Julian Notary, in 1512, lived in St. Paul's Church-yard, near the West door, by my Lord of London's Palace, at the sign of the Three Kings. Henry Pepwell, ciuzen and stationer, was a bookseller only, at the sign of the Trinity, in St. Paul's Church-yard; where he sold foreign books for merchants and others. He had a wife, Ursula, and children; and a servant, Michael Lobley, a printer. His carliest book was in 1502. By his Will, dated September 11, 1539, he was to be buried near the altar of St. Faith's; and he gave a printed massbook, value five shillings, to the parish of Bermondsey, where he was born. John Skot, in 1521, lived without Newgate, in St. Pulcher's parish; in 1534, in St. Paul's Church-yard; and some time in George-alley, Bishopsgate. Thomas Godfray lived at Temple Bar in 1510; and printed Chaucer's works in 1532. He printed also a treatise, written by St. Germain, in the time of King Henry VIII. concerning Constitutions Provincial and Legatine. John Rastall, citizen and printer, at the Mermaid, against Powl's-gate, died in 1536. Robert Copland, stationer, printer, bookseller, author, and translator, lived at the Rose-garland in Fleet-street in 1515; and died about 1547. PUBLIC DINNER IN 1557. The expense of the first public dinner at Stationers' Hall, in 1557, is also thus preserved : The charges of our denner as followeth; that is to saye, Item, payd for 18 dosyn of breade bere Item, payd for a quarter of vele £. s. d. 0 18 0 984060 0 04 2 Item, payd for 10lb. of curse suger 0 8 4 8 0 0 1 8 09 8 Item, payd for sinall mayse 2 1 Item, payd for a punde of besketts Item, a rewarde for bryngynge of a 008 4 Item, payd for wafers 1 6 8 0 9 0 Item, payd for 11 neckes of motton ( 6 6 syde of venyson pas 6 1 10 8 8 Item, payd for epycrys 4 galons STATIONERS' HALL. 050 108 In or about the year 1611, the Company thought proper to remove from their old Hall to the situation they now occupy; and on the 11th of April in that year, the purchase of Bergavenny House was ordered to be paid for from the stock of the partners in the privilege. That house is thus described: "At the north end of Ave Mary-lane, is one great house, builded of stone and 4 timber, of old time pertaining to John Duke of Britaine, Earle of Richmond, as appeatheth by the records of Edward the Second. Since that, it was called 0 Pembrooke Inne, ncere unto Ludgate, as belonging Item, payd for vergis Item, payd for musterde Item, payd for gose buryes Item, payd for 10 dosyn of trenchers () belonging to the Earles of Pembrooke in the times of Richard the Second, the eighteenth yeere, and of Henry the Sixt, in the fourteenth yeere, It was afterwards called Aburgavenny-house, and belonged to Henry late Lord of Aburga. vennie. But the worshipfull Company of Stationers have since that purchased it, and made it the Hall for the meeting of their Societie, converting the stoneworke into a new faire frame of timber, and applying it to such serviceable use, as themselves have thought convenient for the amending it in some particulars in which it had been found defective." ON THE FIRST POLYGLOITS. The first Polyglott work was printed at Genoa, in 1516, by Peter Paul Porrus, who undertook to print the Pentaglott Psalter of Augustin Justinian, Bishop of Nebo. It was in Hebrew, Arabic, Chaldaic, and Greek, with the Latin Versions, Glosses, and Scholia, which last made the eighth column, in folio. The Arabic was the first that ever was printed: and this the first piece of the Bible that ever appeared in so many languages. In 1518, John Potken published the Psalter, in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Ethiopic, [or Chaldaic, as he, with some others, called it,] at Cologn: but the name of the Printer is no-where to be found throughout the book. It has no Preface properly so called: but, from an Address of Potken to the studious reader, which is printed on the last page of the Psalter, we are informed, that, while his earnest zeal for Christianity, and for the Ronan See, made him extremely desirous of learning foreign languages, especially what he calls the Chaldee, for which he was destitute of any proper master; some Ethiopian Fryars happened to be at Rome (as he expresses it) peregrinationis causá, to whom he eagerly applied; and, that from his intercourse with them, he had acquired such a knowledge of their language, as to make him believe he might undertake an edition of the Ethiopic Psalter; which was actually published at Rome nearly five years before the date of his Polyglott performance. At the end of the above-mentioned address, he promised to perform something in the Arabic, if he should meet with sufficient encouragement. The famous Bible of Cardinal Ximenes, commonly called the Complutensian, consists of six large folio volumes; having the Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, in three distinct columns, and the Chaldee paraphrase, with a Latin interpretation, at MONTHLY MAG, No. 236. bottom of the page, the margin being filled with the Hebrew and Chaldlee radi cals. It was begun in 1502, finished in 1517, but not published till 1522. A more particular account of it may be seen in Le Long, in Maittaire, and in De Bure; and an essay expressly on the subject by Mr. De Missy. In 1546 appeared, at Constantinople, "Pentateuchus Hebræo-Chaldæo-Persi co-Arabicus," in three columns; the Hebrew text in the middle: on the right hand the Persic version of R. Jacob fil. Joseph; and on the left the Chaldee paraphrase of Onkelos: at the top is the Arabic paraphrase of Saadias, and at the bottom the commentary of Rasi. The whole is printed in Hebrew characters, with points, the middle column on a larger size than the others. At the end of Genesis appears, "Absolutus est liber Geneseos in do:no Eliezeris Berab Gerson Soncinatis." In 1547 was published, from the same press, "Pentateuchus Ilebraicus, Hispanicus, & Barbaro-Græcus." This edition was also printed in three columns: the Hebrew Text in the middle; the old Spanish version on the right hand; and, on the left, the modern Greek, as used by the Caraïtes at Constantinople, who do not understand Hebrew. The Spanish is designed for the Refugee Spanish Jews. At the head and bottom of the pages are the Targum and the Commentary, as in the former editions. The Royal or Spanish Polyglott was printed at Antwerp, by Christopher Plantinus, 1569-1572, by authority of Philip II. King of Spain, in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Chaldee, under the direction of Arias Montanus, in eight volumes, folio; coutaining, besides the whole of the Complutensian edition, a Chaldee paraphrase on part of the Old Testament, which Cardinal Ximenes had deposited in the theological library at Complutum, having particular reasons for not publishing it. The New Testa ment had the Syriac version, and the Latin translation of Santes Pagninus as This reformned by Arias Montanus. work was also enriched with various Grammars and Dictionaries of the several languages it consists of. In 1586 a Polyglott Bible was published at Heidelberg, in two volumes, folio; printed in four columns, Hebrew, Greek, and two Latin versions, viz. St. Jerom's and those of Paguinus; with the notes of Vatablus; and in the margin are the idioms, and the radices of all 4 L the the difficult words. Two other dates have been seen to this edition, viz. 1599 and 1616: but Le Long, after an attentive comparison, declares them to be only different copies of the same impression; but that some of them have the Greek Testament, with the addition of the Latin version of Arias Montanus. In 1596, Jacobus Lucius printed an edition, in Greek, Latin, and German, at Hamburgh, in four volumes, folio, "Studio Davidis Wolderi;" the Greck from the Venice edition of 1518; the Latin versions those of St. Jerom and Pagninus. In 1599, Elias Hutterus published one at Noremberg, in six languages; four of them, the Hebrew, Chaldee, Greek, and Latin, printed from the Antwerp edition: the fifth was the German version of Luther: and the sixth the Sclavonic version of Wittemberg. The Bible was never completed, and goes no farther than the book of Ruth. The next work of this kind was, Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, studio Guy Michaelis Le Jav. Parisiis, apud Antonium Vitray, 1628, & ann. segg. ad 1645," in ten volumes, very large folio. This edition, which is extremely magnificent, contains all that is in those of Ximenes and Plantinus, with the addition of the Syriac and Arabic version. This was soon followed by "Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, complectcutia textus originales, Hebraïc. Chaldaïc. and Græc. Pentateuchum Samaritanum, & Versiones Antiquas, cum apparatu, appendicibus & annotationibus; studio & ope Briani Walton, Londini 1657, & ann. seqq." in four volumes. To which was added, "Lexicon Heptaglotton, Hebraïcum, Chaldaicum, Syraïcum, Samaitanum, Ethiopicum, Arabicum, & Persicum, digestumi & evulgatum ab Edmundo Castello, 1686," in two volumes more. This may properly be called a new edition of Le Jay, with improvements; no pains having been spared in making it as perfect as possible: the whole was revised with great care, and accurately corrected; and it is justly considered as the most useful of all the Polyglotts, though Le Jay's is the hand somest. Dr. Walton's edition was sup. posed by Mr. Palmer to have been printed from sheets surreptitiously ob. tained from the press at Paris; and to have been published with improvements so soon after, as to reduce M. Le Jay almost to want, after having expended above 50007, sterling to complete his work. But Mr. Palmer mistook the date of Le Jay's Polyglott (which he makes to be 1657), and then formed his conclu. sion of the sheets being sent into England from Paris; and met with a correspondent, it seems, that encouraged his error. Le Jay's Polyglott was published, in ten volumes, MDCXLV: the English Polyglott, in six volumes, not till MDCLVII, twelve years after the other. Under a fine head of Dr. Walton, engraved by Lombart, and prefixed to his edition of the Polyglott, we are told it was begun only in MDCLIII-It is said indeed that the English put out proposals for a cheaper and better edition, soon after Le Jay's was published, which might, in some measure, hinder the sale of it. But other causes concurred. The enormous size of the book rendered it inconvenient for use: and the price deterred purchasers. And farther, the refusal of Le Jay to publish it under Richelieu's name, though that Minister, after the example of Cardinal Ximenes, had offered to print it at his own expense, damped the sale.-The English Polyglott, in return, made but little way in France. A large-paper copy was sold, in 1728, in the library of Colbert, the six volumes bound in fourteen. Castell's Lexicon, that went along with this set, was on a smaller-sized pa● per. The same copy was again sold to M. D. Selle, and formed afterwards a part of the curious collection of the Count De Lauraguais. NEWSPAPERS BEFORE THE RESTORATION. The list here given, by the kiud cooperation of my good friend the Rev. Samuel Ayscough, (whose attentive investigation has added more than 100 articles) contains a considerable number which had escaped the notice of Mr. Chalmers: and, being continued to a later period from a valuable collection of newspapers in my own possession, may now be considered as tolerably com plete. The English Mercurie 1588 Mercurij Gallo-Belgici: sive rerum in Gallia et Belgio potissimùm: Hispaniâ quoque, Italiâ Angliâ, Germania, Polonia, vicinisque locis, ab anno 1588, ad Martium anni 1594, gestarum, Nuncii " Newes from Spain, 12 pages, small 4to. 1611 Newes out of Germany Newes from Mamora 1612 1614 1614 1615 1613 1620 Courant, |