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their composition, many of them containing remains of organized bodies, and all of them appearing to have been formed by deposition from water

9th These strata which appear once to have been continuous, have been broken through their whole depth, and so dislocated, that some masses of the lower strata, now form considerable elevations on the surface, and in many of these the superior strata are carried away.

10th. Coal and traces of vegetables, with some particular marine animals, are found in the lowest strata that have been yet examines. In the other strata, up to the surface, the remains of the inhabitants of the water only are met with. Near to, and on the surface only, are found the fossil remains of various land-animals; but no where have yet been discovered any fossil remains of

man.

11th. In some of the earlier strata, the cubrochal limestone, the remains of animals are found, the cap and turban encrinite, &c; but no similar fossils are seen in any of the succeeding superior strata, nor are any similar animals found in our present seas.

12th. Some species of fossil animals (pentacrinite) occur in the lias, and are not, I believe, seen in any of the succeeding superior strata, but a recent similar animal is found in our present seas.

13th. Some fossil animals (ammonitæ) are first seen in the lias, and appear in most of the succeeding strata, but appear to have become extinct in the ocean which deposited

the hard chalk.

14th. Some fossils (belemnita) appear in the early strata, and are continued upwards to the soft chalk stratum, after which they are

not seen.

15th. Some fossils (oval ammonitæ, scaphite, &c.) are not known in the early strata, but occur in the hard chalk, and are not seen alterwards; as if they had been created at a comparatively late period, and had been Soon afterwards suffered to become extinct.

16th. Some fossil shells (trigonite) are found in the lias and in most of the succeeding strata, and sometimes, but very rarely, in the hard chalk. After this they are not seen in the remaining superior strata, but of late years one species has been found in our present seas. This, however, requires some explanation. The trigonite are shells differing materially from any others in the structure of the hinge, and obtain therefrom the most decided generic characters. Until lately no shell of this genus was known in a recent state: one, however, has been found by M. Peron, in the South Seas; but this shell, although really of this genus, is of a different species from any shell, which has been found in a fossil state. So that none of the species of shells of this genus, which are known in a fossil state, have, in fact, been found in any stra

tum above the hard chalk, or in our pre

sent seas.

17th. In the sand and in the blue clay above the chalk, many species of shells occur, of which not one is to be seen in the preceding strata; but of which several approximate to those in the present seas.

18th. In the gravel, lying on the blue clay, shells are found which differ from those of any of the preceding strata, and nearly agree with our recent shells.

19th. In these upper and less ancient strata are found the fossil remains of land animals: and on this surface, which bears the marks of considerable torrents, are disposed, at least in this island, the present inhabitants.

Does it not appear, says Mr. Parkinson, from this repeated occurrence of new beings, from the late appearance of the remains of land animals, and from the total absence of the fossil remains of man, that the creative power, as far as respects this planet, has been exercised, continually, or at distant periods, and with increasing excellence, in its objects, to a comparatively late period? the last and highest work appearing to be man, whose remains have not yet been numbered among the subjects of the mineral kingdom.

FRANCE.

M. DE HUMBOLDT has just completed the astronomical part of his celebrated Voyage. His last Number consists, principally, of the Preliminary Dissertation, taken for making his observations, and which explains all the means he had which means he has employed with such remarkable advantage. There is another Discourse, by M. Oltmanus, in which he states all the modes of calculation which he adopted, in order to derive from the observations of M. Humboldt, and astronomers in general, the most accurate and important results. For this Discourse, M. Oltmanus was awarded the Lalande medal, by the French Institute.

The same philosopher has likewise completed his Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, of which an edition is now published in five octavo volumes. This contains all that is in the

large edition, with the exception of the Atlas, of which he only gives the large and fine map, numbered 2. Amongst the plates in this third portion of his work are, Views of the Cordilleras, and of the Monuments of the aboriginal peo ple of America. A relief in basalt represents the Mexican Calendar, which is explained in an Essay, replete with interesting comparisons and observations.

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AP.

With occasional Notices of important Judicial Decisions.

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Clectually preventing the embezzle

fectually preventing the embezzle. ment of securities for money and other effects, left or deposited for safe custody, or other special purpose, in the hands of bankers, merchants, brokers, attornies, or other agents."-9th June, 1812.

If any person with whom (as banker, merchant, broker, attorney, or agent of any description whatsoever) any ordnance debenture, exchequer bill, navy, victualling, or transport bill, or other bill, warrant, or order for the payment of money, state lottery ticket or certificate, seaman's ticket, bank receipt for payment of any loan, India bond, or other bond, or any deed, note, or other security for mory, or for any share or interest in any national stock or fund of this or any other country, or in the stock or fund of any corpoation, company, or society established by Act of Parliament or royal charter, or any power of attorney for the sale or transfer of any such stock or fund, or any share or interest therein, or any plate, jewels, or other personal effects, shall have been deposited, or shall be or remain for safe custody, or upon or for any special purpose, without any authority, either general, special, conditional, or discretionary, to sell or pledge such deben. ture, or other personal effects, or to sell or pledge the stock or fund, to which such security or power of attorney shall relate, shall sell, negociate, transfer, assign, pledge, em bezzle, secrete, or in any manner apply to his or their own use or benefit, any such debenture, or other security, or other personal effects, or the stock or fund, in violation of good faith, and contrary to the special purpose, for which they shall have been deposited, with intent to defraud the owner or owners of any such instrument or security, or the person or persons depositing the same, or the owner or owners of the stock or fund, share or interest, every person so offending in any part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, shall be deemed guilty of

a misdemeanor; and, being thereof convicted according to law, shall be sentenced to transportation for any term not exceeding fourteen years, or to receive such other punishment as may by law be inflicted on a person guilty of such offender or offenders may be tried and a misdemeanor, and as the court before which convicted shall adjudge.

II. And whereas it is usual for persons having dealings with bankers, merchants, brokers, attornies, and other agents, to deposit or place in the hands of such bankers, merchants, brokers, attornies, and other agents, sums of money, bilis, notes, drafts, cheques, or orders for the payment of money, with directions or orders to invest the monies so paid, or to which such bills, notes, drafts, cheques, or orders relate, or part thereof, in the purchase of stocks or funds, or in or upon government or other securities for money, or to apply and dispose thereof in other ways or for other purposes; and it is expedient to prevent embezzlement and malversation in such cases also; be it therefore enacted by the authority aforesaid, that, if any such banker, merchant, broker, attorney, or other agent, in whose hands any sun or sums of money, bill, note, draft, cheque, or order for the payment of any sum or sums of money shall be placed, with any order or orders in writing, and signed by the party or parties who shall so deposit or place the same, to invest such sum or sums of money, or the money to which such bill, note, draft, cheque, or order as aforesaid shall relate, in the purchase of any stock or fund, or in or upon government or other securities, or in any other way or for any other purpose specified in such order or orders, shall in any manner apply to his or their own use and benefit, any such sum or sums of money, or any such bill, note, draft, cheque, or order for the payment of any su or sums of money as herein before-mentioned, in violation of good faith and contrary to the special purpose specified in the direction or order in writing, herein-before mentioned, with intent to defraud the owner or owners

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of any such sum or sums of money, or order for the payment of any sum or sums of money; every person so offending in any part of the United Kingdom, shall in like manner be deemed and taken to be guilty of a misdemeanor, and being convicted thereof according to law, shall incur and suffer such punishment as is herein before mentioned.

III. That nothing herein contained shall extend, to prevent any of the persons hereinbefore mentioned from receiving any money which shall be or become actually due and payable upon or by virtue of any of the instruments or securities herein-before mentioned, according to the tenor and effect thereof, in such manner as he or they might have done, if this Act had not been made.

IV. Provided that the penalty by this Act annexed to the commission of any offence intended to be guarded against by this Act, shall not extend or be construed to extend to any partner or partners, or other person or persons of or belonging to any partnership, society, or firm, except only such partner or partners, person or persons, as shall actually commit or be accessary or privy to the commission of such offence; any thing herein contained to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding.

V. Provided also, that nothing in this Act contained, shall hinder, prevent, lessen, or impeach any remedy at law or in equity, which any party or parties aggrieved by any offence against this Act might or would have had, or have been entitled to if this Act had not been made, nor any proceeding, conviction, or judgment had been had or taken thereupon; but nevertheless the conviction of any offender against this Act, shail not be received in evidence in any action at law, or suit in equity, against such offender; and further, that no person shall be liable to be convicted by any evidence whatever, as an offender against this Act, in respect of any act, matter, or thing done by him, if he shall at any time previously to his being indicted for such offence, have disclosed such act, matter, or thing, on oath, under or in consequence of any compulsory process of any court of law or equity, in any action, suit, or proceeding, in or to which he shall have been a party, and which shall have been bona fide instituted by the party aggrieved by the act, matter, or thing, which shall have been commirted by such offender aforesaid.

VI. Provided that nothing in this Act contained shall extend to or affect any person or persons being a trustee or trustees, in or under any marriage settlement, will, or other deed or instrument, or being a mortgagee or mortgagees, of any property whatsoever, whether real or personal, in respect of any Act or Acts done by any such person or persons in relation to the property comprised in or affected by any such trust or mortgage as aforesaid.

VII. Provided always, that every person

who shall commit, in Scotland, any offence against this Act, which by the provisions thereof is constituted a misdemeanor, shall be liable to be punished by fine and imprisonment, or by either of them, or by transpor tation for any term not exceeding fourteen years, as the judge or judges before whom such offender shall be tried and convicted may direct.

VIII. Provided always, that nothing herein, contained shall extend to restrain any banker, merchant, broker, attorney, or other agent, from selling, negociating, transferring, or otherwise disposing of any securities, property, or other effects as aforesaid, in their custody or possession, upon which they shall have any lien, claim, or demand, which by law entitles them to sell or dispose thereof, unless such sale, transfer, or other disposal, shall extend to a greater number, or to a greater part, of such securities, property, or other effects as aforesaid, than shall be requisite or necessary for the purpose of paying or satisfying such lien, claim, or demand; any thing herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

Observation.

As this Act was at first drawn, it appeared to the present writer to affect all trustees whatsoever, and it would seem a natural consequence that, if persons by becoming trustees should render themselves liable to indictments for misdemeanors, and subject to very severe penalties, few persons would voluntarily expose themselves to danger, by accepting such trusts. The exception in the 6th clause, therefore, seems absolutely necessary. The exception in the fifth clause, however, seems in great measure to annul the Act altogether, or to give to the parties interested an arbitrary power of par doning offences, and exempting the offen ders from punishment, by filing bills of discovery against them. This is a sort of licence to compound an indictment for felony and guilt on anomaly in law. The broad line of felony which is accompanied with force or imposition, is overlooked by all these Acts, which render persons liable to criminal punishment in consequence of confidential trusts; and of course such Acts must be subject to many inconveniences. Bankers, in particular, will find them selves placed in many difficulties by this

Act.

Cap. LXIV. "An Act for extending the provisions of an Act of the thirtieth year of King George the Second, against persons obtaining money by false pretences, to persons so obtaining bonds and other securities."-9th June, 1812.

This Act recites the 30 G. ii. c. 24, which relates to the obtaining goods and money, and

enacts,

enacts, that persons obtaining by false pre-
tences money, goods, or securities for money
or goods; and persons sending threatening
letters to accuse persons of having committed
crimes with an intent to extort or gain money
or goods, or bank notes, bonds or securities,
shall be punished as in that Act for ob-
taining money.
Cap. LXV.
"An Act to allow the
use of sugar in brewing beer in Great
Britain."-9th June, 1812.

Sugar may be used in the brewing of beer or ale till Nov. 1, 1812, on certain conditions. Notice to be given to the excise officer. His Majesty, by proclamation, may permit brown or muscovado sugar to be used till forty days after the next meeting of Parliament.-Restrictions as to the use of sugar, under a penalty of two hundred pounds to be levied, as other penalties under the excise.

Cap. LXVI. "An Act to explain and amend an Act of the fiftieth year of his present Majesty, to regulate the taking of securities in all offices in respect of which security ought to be given, and for avoiding the grant of all such offices in the event of such security not being given

within a time to be limited after the grant of such offices."-9th June, 1812.

This Act recites the 50 G. iii. c. 85, directs the provisions of the recited Act, and extend to Ireland.-Persons already appointed this Act to extend to Scotland; but not to are to give security.So much of the 50 G. iii. c. 85, as relates to registering memorials in Middlesex repealed-An officer in every department to keep securities.-Such officer to lay accounts before heads of departments, &c. annually.-Persons who have already registered, not required to register again.-Notice of death or bankruptcy of sureties to be given.-Heads of departments may allow further time for giving securities. -His Majesty empowered to remit forfeitures. Bonds in Scotland may be taken according to the form of the law of Scotland or of England.-Acts not to extend to bonds of receiver-general of assessed taxes.-The period for registry of securities to be estimated from

the time of the execution by the last person. -No irregularity to avoid securities.-Deeds to be registered, although the period shall have expired. Indemnification for persons omitting to give securities as under the 51st G. iii. c. 98.-Securities to be registered.General issue.

REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.

A Treatise on the Elements of Music, in a series of Letters to a Lady. Illustrated with Plates. By William Steetz, of Hamburgh.

it leads the pupil, is always found dry and
irksome to beginners. We ought not to
omit to notice the vocabulary subjoined
copious.
to the volume; it is faithful and tolerably

Tsubscription, is comprized in thirteed
HIS work, which was published by
letters, from the author to his fair pupil,"
Cecilia. It commences with the first
principles of science and practice, leads
the student progressively through the dif-
ferent stages of advancement, and con-
cludes with what we have often wished to
find at the end of didactic publications, a
system of piano-forte tuning. In works
of this description, after so much has
been done in the same walk of musical
instruction, (we mean the piano-forte)
there only remains for the author the
choice of the mode in which he shall deli-
ver his precepts. That adopted by Mr.
Steetz we much approve. It is clear
and regular, and cannot fail to reward
the attentive perusal of those who are so-
hicitous for rapid improvement. A num-
ber of little amusing ideas are scattered
through the pages to clear away the
"gloom of the school," and carry the tyro
forward agreeably-a part of the author's
plan which we consider as judicious,
especially at the commencement of a
study, which, to whatever future pleasure

Temple," a Psalm Tune for a full Wind-Instrument Band; composed by Edmund Crabb. The score of this curious composition, comprises parts for two clarionets, two flutes, two horns, a bassoon, and a vio loncello; to which is added four vocal parts, and an accompaniment for the organ or piano-forte. This piece, it is but justice to Mr. Crabb to say, pre. eminently claims our notice. Nothing that, in the long course of our critical labours, has yet come before us, can pretend to the distinction it challenges, in point of consistency. False combinations, false successions, violations of all the most common rules of musical arrangement, are here assembled in full convocation, undisturbed by the intrusion of even a single propriety; and making, for once, confusion orderly, and discord harmonious. Where purchase is not expected even by the author himself, neither price, nor place of publication, need be mentioned; both which Mr. C. has accordingly omitted.

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National Melodies, composed by the most eminent Masters. 2s. 6d.

The melodies of England, Ireland, and Scotland, contribute to the formation of this collection, which certainly does credit to the taste of the compiler, and merits the attention of young prac Litioners on the piano-forte.

Twelve Psalm and Hymn Tunes; composed by C. W. Banister. 2s. 6d.

We find in this little publication thirtythree pages of church music, which, for the most part, are highly worthy the attention of those who are in the habit of filling up their Sunday hours with "the pure delights of sacred song." " The tunes are pleasingly conceived, and the harmo nies, though not always the best that might have been adopted, are, generally speaking, legitimate and effective.

The Lily and the Rose;" a favourite ballad, sung by Mr. J. Jones, at Sadler's Wells Theatre, in the Melo-drama of The Prince; somposed by W. Reeve. 1s. 6d.

"The Lily and the Rose" is a ballad easy and flowing in its melody; has an accompaniment for the piano that is cal− culated to enrich its effect; and, taken altogether, wears an aspect of prettiness and simplicity that greatly pleases The words are by Mr. C. Dibdin, jun.

.

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The melody of this jeu d'esprit is well suited to the humourous subject of the words. Indeed it is but justice to Mr. Reeve to say, that he is generally very happy in little efforts of this lively and familiar kind.

"The Frozen Tear," a Song; the music by John Whitaker. 1s. 6d.

It will be praise enough to the words of this song to say that they are written by Anacreon Moore. The melody is smooth, easy, and flowing, and speaks the sentiments of the poetry. The piano-forte accompaniment is arranged with judg ment, and greatly heightens the general

effect.

Mr. PARRY'S "Arthur the Brave," has already, we learn, passed into a second edition. The ingenious composer has rendered this popular air even more interesting than it was, by the introduction of a new verse, allusive to the Marquiss of Wellington's late brilliant successes in Spain.

ALPHABETICAL LIST of BANKRUPTCIES and DIVIDENDS, announced between the 14th of September, and the 14th of October, extracted from the London Gazettes. N. B.-In Bankruptcies in and near London, the Attornies are to be understood to reside in London; and in Country Bankruptcies at the Residence of the Bankrupt, except otherwise expressed.

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