Not to waste your time by a tedious introduction, the design of this address is to ask the favor of you first to instruct me how to understand the Athanasian Creed consistently with the principles of reason; how it is to be reconciled with all those passages in the New Testament, which either directly, or by fair consequence, ascribe supremacy to God the Father only; and how the several parts of it may be interpreted in a sense, so as not to be repugnant to each other."

The transaction itself, and the controversy it occasioned, appear at the time to have excited great and general attention; Miss Carter's share in it to have been well known; her merit on that account to have been duly appreciated, and the consequences which resulted extremely perplexing to her worthy father, and productive of considerable pecuniary loss to bimself and to his family. These facts I have collected, in part, from my own recollection of various conversations I then heard, but still more correctly from another pamphlet, written by an anony mous author, published in 1752, and which I met with accidentally a few weeks ago. It is entitled, "A Letter to the Mayor and Corporation of Deal, in Kent, in relation to their opinion upon the Trinity. Printed for J. Shuckburgh, at the Sun, between the Temple Gates.'" This painphlet is also written in a strain of irony, and is not unworthy of being a companion of that already mentioned by Mrs. Carter. It opens in the following man

ner:

"Gentlemen,

Permit me to congratulate you upon the step you have taken in presenting the minister of your chapel, Dr. Carter, in the spiritual court, for omitting to read, on the days appointed by the Rubric, that ancient and venerable part of our liturgy, the Athanasian Creed. Tis, with out doubt, a very laudable zeal you have shewn for the purity of the, Catholic faith, and what will transmit your memories with a sweet-smelling savour to the latest posterity. It will be said, that when orthodoxy was retiring from the in. nermost parts of the land, and taking wing for distant regions, the men of Deal arrested her flight, and detained her

awhile on the borders of the sea. These, gentlemen, are your honors, and babes will be taught to lisp them in the arms of their nurses."

That Dr. Carter was injured in his fortune at the same time that his peace of mind was painfully interrupted, must be gathered from the 30th, 31st, and S2ad pages of the same pamphlet, from which I shall make the following quotations:

"...... I am really very serious and very much in earnest, when I ask you, whether you can, upon cool recollection, approve the severe treatment that Dr. Carter has received from you!” “Could you settle the dispute" (about the appointment, as appears, of a parish-clerk) "no otherwise than by driving him from · the exercise of his function, and obliging him to keep a curate? Herein, indeed, you did him a little favor, which I verily believe you are not aware of; the punishment intended being of such a sort, as you were certain could never take place, but from the opinion you had of his bonesty. You bear testimony to his character at the same time that you hurt his fortune. You must know him to be a man possessed of a mind above prevarication, who would not appear outwardly to give his assent to what in his heart he could not approve. Would every clergyman in the kingdom declare his real sentiments in this affair as freely and publicly as this gentleman has done, I suspect they would appear a larger body of men than some people are aware of; and, from the weight of numbers, perhaps the objections might be removed. I hope, now the doctor is a declared heretic, that, according to the laudable doctrine of some of our divines, you are so consistent with yourselves as to avoid all manner of conversation with him; nay I can hardly think it quite safe for you to hold any correspondence with his most ingenious and amiable daughter, the young lady being, I an apt to fear, a little infected with her father's pestilential principles. Pray take my advice, and keep your wives and daughters, yca, and your sons too, out of her way, or, let me tell you, very fatal may be the consequences."

Now, Mr. Editor, the fact being clearly ascertained that the late Mrs. Elizabeth Carter was thus honorably distinguished; that she had the courage and magnanimity to defend her father when under persecution for acting conformably to his conscience, in refusing to sanction, by the use of it, an antiquated symbol which atfirms, that "the Father is Almighty, the

Son

Son Almighty, and the Holy Ghost Almighty, and yet they are not three Al mighties, but one Almighty," and which she scruples not to designate as "amazing jargon" (p. 39); and this too at a time when she was in habits of intimacy with Bishop Secker, soon afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, who certainly (in the latter part of his life at least) was no heretic. The question naturally occurs, why her nephew and biographer, the Rev. Montague Pennington, M. A. for what reasons at present, or splendid visions in distant pro spective, should have wholly withheld from her memory this tribute of praise so justly its due? Many conjectural solutions officiously present themselves; but, being myself, if not like my revered and honored namesake of Thyatira-"a seller of purple," but simply a sewer of linen, and consequently quite unequal to the task of solving difficult problems; I should be greatly obliged to any of your numerous readers to favor me with a little light upon the subject, which will be gratefully received by your occasional correspondent, LYDIA.

June 21, 1812.

P. S. That the persecution of Dr. Carter, and consequently the controversy it occasioned, was generally well known, appears further from a note, page 98, of Dr. Disney's Memoir of Dr. Sykes, published in 1785, where Archbishop Herring says, in a letter to Mr. Duncombe, dated 1752, being one of a series of letters published in 1777, "Your friend Dr. Carter is grievously teased by

folks who call themselves the orthodox. I

abhor every tendency to the Trinity controversy. The manner in which it is always managed is the disgrace and ruin-of Christianity."

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.

SIR,

FOR

OR the last twenty years of my life I have been subject to what is usu ally called the Sick Head Ache. In the course of this period I have consulted many physicians, whose prescriptions I have followed without receiving permanent relief from any of them. I have likewise perused almost every book of repute written on disorders of the stomach, from a full conviction that a disordered state of the stomach and bowels is the sole cause of this complaint.

Although a detail of my researches would not answer any useful purpose, I still think that I may render a service to some of your readers, by stating that mode of treatment which I have found to answer best. I shall, in the first place,

observe, that the frequent use of calomel * is to be avoided, because almost any mild aperient, which has power enough to empty the bowels, will procure relief, without leaving that lowness and debility which generally follow the use of calomel, by those who are constitutionally liable to this disorder. Neither ought the patient to abandon any approved or rational mode of treating himself, because it sometimes fails. There are few disorders more capricious; and what will give relief at one time, may fail at another.

To remove an attack-I recommend the patient to take a table-spoonful of magnesia, and half a tea-spoonful of ginger, mixed, with a lump of sugar, in a tumbler, three parts full of water, with the chill off; to sit, for a quarter of an hour, with his feet in water agreeably warm; and to apply a napkin, wrung out of cold water, to his temples or forehead, whichever appear the most affected. About an hour after taking the magnesia, a basin of warm tea will be of service.

I have often by this means removed a head-ache in a few hours, which would otherwise probably have continued for a day or two. I have sometimes, when the pain was very intense, not only kept my feet in warm water, and a cold napkin applied to my head, but have also caused a wash-hand basin, full of warm water, to be placed in my lap, in which 1 have immersed my hands and wrists.

The pain attendant on a sick headache, is produced by an undue effusion of blood to the head; and relief is only to be obtained by increasing the action of the stomach and bowels, and diminishing the action of the vessels of the brain. Thus, the ginger cheers and revives the stomach; the magnesia, uniting with an acid (which is always present in this complaint) forms an aperient; and the warm water draws the circulation of the blood from the head; while, at the same time, the cold wet napkin, applied to the head, tends to promote the same eud.

The prevention of this disorder almost wholly depends upon paying a due attention to the state of the stomach and bowels, and carefully abstaining from wine and spirits; for, in proportion as they increase the action of the vessels of the brain, they leave the stomach in a state of debility. I would, therefore, recommend those subject to this distressing complaint, to eat two roasted apples every night on going to bed; and at the

saine

I

SIB,

HASTEN to comply with the request of your correspondent, Sussexiensis," by giving some account of the late Western Apiarian Society. It was instituted at Exeter about the beginuing of the year 1797, and denominated as above at the suggestion of one of the members, who asserted, with some confidence, that there had before existed an Apiarian Society, in or about London. The first rule declares, "The object of this society is to promote the knowledge of the best method of managing bees, and to encourage fresh discoveries concerning them, and the uses to which their labors may be applied to the greatest advantage of the community." The first idea of forming it, arose from the perusal of Dr. Lettsom's" Hints for promoting a Bee Society;" and, throughout the period of its existence, it was the aim of the society to encourage cottagers to keep bees, by rewarding such as from the sale of swarms and honey, without injuring the bees or destroying them, paid the rent of their cottages. The society hoped also to have excited the attention of men of science, so as to have obtained, ere this, some new light relating to these mysterious and useful insects. But, of the success of their designs in this respect, the members have not much reason to boast, as appears by their Transactions, which, though they contain some curious things, exhibit scarcely any new discoveries. And the society has been greatly disappointed in their view of benefiting cottagers, who, from prejudices of education, and the want of ability to understand, and perseverance to follow the directions given them, rendered it impossible for the society to benefit them, by premiums, to the extent of its wishes and ability. The society originated with individuals of no note, but the name of Sir Lawrence Palk, bart, being entered in the list of mem

bers, drew after it those of nobility and gentry of great respectability and benevolence, and of many amongst the learned professions, who all hoped to benefit their native country by the collection of its sweets, for the use of the community and the poor, instead of permitting the delicious liquid, in abundant years, to return again into the earth, for want of bees to gather it. But the society has certainly answered some purposes, though not all that were in contemplation; it has been the means of communicating much knowledge of the subject of the Apiary, and of making the management of bees more respectable in the West, than ever it was before; nor would the society, at the age of fifteen years, have been dissolved, had not the ill health of the secretary occasioned his resignation, and had not the society been unable to find another of, at least, equal zeal, and in a proper situation to fill his place.

Should any other friends of their coun try and the Apiary be disposed to form a society of this kind, I shall be happy to send them a small parcel of the Rules and Transactions of our late society; and, Mr. Editor, I hope experience and ob servation will authorise ine to give it as my opinion, that such a society, if formed, should annually appoint some person of experience and skill, in each circuit, to visit the apiaries of both rich and poor, where he can have admission, under the sanction of the society, four times in the year, to give such directions, and to perform such operations as may be necessary, and that he should be com pensated for his trouble from the stock of the society, if possible. This would be the way to do good, and to make apiarians of others.

I have some idea that Messrs. Cadell and Davies, booksellers, London, have now some of the Transactions of the above society, consisting of about two hundred and ten dundecimo pages; and I hope soon to send them some more; only I fear the first Number is out of print, and there are but few copies left of Number II. They also have the General Apiarian, and the Cottager's Manual on Bees, the paper which you were at expense in inserting, in a former Number of your useful work, to oblige your readers.

I cannot now put my hand on Huber's New Observations on Bees, which will be found at the above booksellers, both in French and English, or I should be able

to refer your correspondent, "J. Lee," to pages where he might have a tolerable solution of the difficulties that have occurred to him. (See page 407 of last Volume.) In these abstruse inquiries, we cannot always arrive at demonstra tions, and found our opinions upon facts. We must be content with probabilities, since even Swammerdam, with all his icety and skill in the dissection of insects, could not persuade himself that the drone bee, or male, ever coupled with the female, on account of the uncouthness of a certain part; whereas, if Huber's ideas be correct, to me they are very plausible, that certain part on account of what appeared to Swaminer. dan to be uncouthness, is the fittest that could possibly have been for the purpose which nature has intended it in all other creatures. And it is highly probable, that one operation of the drone is sulicient for the production, by the queen, of upwards of forty thousand bees, which some queens produce in one year. But here Mr. L. will ask, of what use then are all the other drones in the hive, to the amount of many hundreds ? Of what use, it may be asked in reply, are all the seeds of animals and vegetables, as well as insects, which, if they were all to come to perfection, would overstock the creation in one year? They are all desigued by infinite wisdom to secure the succession of each particular species against those accidents and convulsions which destroy nine-tenths of almost all the seeds produced. So the vast number of drones is probably designed to make certain a ready meeting for the queen, with one of them in the air, where, Iluber makes it evident, the connection takes place. Mr. L. scems to adopt the commnou idea, which is doubtless the true one, that the drone and the queen are male and female; and he may as well, with apiarians in general, admit that all the working are of no gender, or neither the one or the other, as ask the question, "Of what sex is the common working bee?" I have seen the queen Jay thousands of eggs, but never observed one of the working bees doing it, nor could I ever find any thing having the appearance of an egg, or the distinguishing part of the male, in either of them. Why the bees in this respect, differ from other creatures in general, I pretend not to say; only God intended that they should, for some wise purpose, perhaps that their whole attention might

be devoted to the collection of honeytheir supreme delight.

If what has been observed above be truth, it is not at all wonderful that the bees should, when bad weather occurs in summer, or at the approach of winter, drive out the drones, which are of no use, when the female bee is in a state fit for laying for the remainder of the year, and probably for life, since they then only destroy the summum bonum of the bees. J. ISAAC.

Moreton, Exeter, June 5, 1812.

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine

SIR,

To the advertisement which anO form a judgment of a literary work

nounces its publication, it must be acknowledged is somewhat like deciding upon the merits of a comedy by a perusal of the bill setting forth the dramatis persona; but on the present occasion, from the advertisement which lies before me, this mode of examination may lead to a less extravagant conclusion, or, I might perhaps say, a more accurate criterion of merit than might at first be suspected. The advertisement I allude to is of a periodical work called “The Reformists' Magazine," in which, without having recourse to the work itself, we are left at no loss to collect the object and intention of it. Far be it from me, who have frequently lifted up both my voice and my hand in favor of reform, now to abandon the cause, or to employ my pen in opposition to it. But, Sir, however good and desirable an object may be, it is always a fair subject for discussion "what are the most proper and salutary means of obtaining it," as well as "to what extent we ought to wish it to be obtained."

In other countries reform has of late been but another word for revolution, under the influence of which the people suffered grievously, before they began to think rationally, and their solicitude to examine causes was lost in the rapidity with which they felt their effects. The common tendency of our nature is so much to extremes, that the recent example of a neighbouring kingdom has occasioned the friends of reform to hesitate, and has made the timid or doubtful decided enemies to it. It may be a great question, therefore, whether, under such circumstances, this be exactly the period at which it is wise and prudent to invite persons of all ranks, talents, and descriptions, to club, as it were, their respective

powera

powers to obtain a reform, by the exag. gerated representation of the existing evils, from the pen of every enthusiastic zealot, and by the mere force of numbers, acted upon and propelled by that very exaggeration. The first effect, as it strikes me, to be apprehended from this unre stricted invitation, will be to disgust the wiser and more temperate friends of the general object, who will be apprehensive that, like Calvin, so rude and multitudinous an attempt will tear the habit, instead of stripping off merely the superfluous decorations. If it should have this effect, it will only tend to perpetuate the evil: we shall cling to abuses as if they were our support, and every attempt to remedy them will become an object of suspicion and terror.

To demolish a government is within the province of very ordinary minds, if they can but command a brutal force sufficiently strong; but to rescue a nation from the evils of ancient institutions, and to instruct them how to adopt others more congenial with their circumstances and situation, requires talents and qualities, which indeed vanity and presumption may readily enough assume, and which ambition or venality may exclusively affect, but which do not generally obtrude themselves among the contending factions of public convulsion. All reforms ought to be amicable arrangements with a friendly power; not terms imposed upon a vanquished party. But how is that likely to be the case in that state of irritation, where the unenlightened mass of the people, viewing the abuses through a magnifying medium, neither do, nor will be prevailed upon to see, any thing

else.

No government can long subsist that is not exercised over a people willing to be governed; for, in the mass, there is, necessarily arising out of the nature of man, a principle which, though it may for a while be kept under, can never be subdued: if confined by the force of compression, it will only in the end break forth with a violence proportioned to the restraint. Now, whether it be wise, just at a time when we are environed with difficulties of every kind, and when our very existence as a nation is at stake, to raise that uncontrolable spirit, by these sort of publications, which may flatter the worst passions of human nature, without correcting the judgment, or enlightening the understanding, of the lowest orders, is A consideration of the most serious import.

MONTHLY MAG. No. 231.

A manufacturing population, which ours has in a great degree become, is more easily instigated to revolt than any other. They have few local attachments; the persons from whom they receive their support they regard with more envy than respect; they are aware of their own numerical strength; the moral feelings which in the peasant are only blunted, are in them absolutely debauched by their habits of life; and their tempers are as much soured by the accidental distress of the present moment, as their hopes are elevated by the prospect arising from any change that may take place. It has been well observed, that "those governments which found their prosperity upon the extent of their manufactures sleep upon gunpowder." That this has been the situation of these kingdoms for a great length of time, is too manifest to be doubted; and there is too great reason to believe a train has long been laid which communicates with the combustible body. Woe be to those who shall apply the match. Repentance will avail them not. Shorn of their strength, like another Sampson, when destined to behold their own degradation, impotence, and ruin, the contemplation of it will be attended with the poignant conviction that they owe it to their own folly and precipitancy. DE VERULAM.

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.

SIR,

TH

HE following account of the literature of that part of India, with which our island is more particularly connected, cannot fail to prove interesting.

In addition to a great number of schools, destined to teach the first elements of the sciences, there are four regular universities in India, three of which appertain to the Brahmins, and are dedicated to the Sanscrit, the fourth is intended for Asiatic literature in general. The former of these have existed for many ages, without our being able to indicate the exact epoch of their foun dation, and they have been richly en dowed by the devotees of that country: the latter was erected so recently as 1800, by the Marquis of Wellesley, then Governor-general.

The three Brahmin universities are erected at Nuddeah and Tricius, on the Malabar coast, and at Benares, in the province of Allahabad: this last is the most celebrated of all. It is also called the university of Kari, from the name of Q

the