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HISTORY OF ENGLAND,

FROM

THE REVOLUTION

ΤΟ

THE DEATH OF GEORGE II.

(Designed as a continuation of Mr. Hume's history.)

IN FOUR VOLUMES.

BY T. SMOLLETT, M. D.

A NEW EDITION,

WITH THE AUTHOR'S LAST CORRECTIONS AND
IMPROVEMENTS.

VOL. III.

PHILADELPHIA:

PUBLISHED BY LEVIS & WEAVER, NO. 193, MARKET STREET.

THOMAS L. PLOWMAN, PRINTER.

1810.

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THE

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

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CHAPTER IX.

§ I. The rebels are totally defeated at Culloden. § II. The
Duke of Cumberland takes possession of Inverness, and
afterwards encamps at Fort Augustus. § III. The
Prince Pretender escapes to France. § IV. Convulsion
in the ministry. § V. Liberality of the Commons. § VI.
Trial of the Rebels. Kilmarnock, Balmerino, Lovat, and
Mr. Ratcliff, are baheaded on Tower hill. § VII. The
States General alarmed at the progress of the French in
the Netherlands. § VIII. Count Saxe subdues all Flan-
ders, Brabant, and Hainault. § IX. Reduces the strong
fortress of Namur, and defeats the allied army at Rau-
соих. § X. The French and Spaniards are compelled to
abandon Piedmont and the Milanese. § XI. Don Philip
is worsted at Codogno, and afterwards at Porto Freddo.
§ XII. The Austrians take possession of Genoa. Count
Brown penetrates into Provence. XIII. The Genoese
expel the Austrians from their city. § XIV. Madras in
the East Indies taken by the French. § XV. Expedition
to the coast of Bretagne, and attempt upon Port L'Orient.
§ XVI. Naval transactions in the West Indies. Confer-
ences at Breda. § XVII. Vast supplies granted by the
Commons of England. XVIII. Parliament dissolved.
§ XIX. The French and allies take the field in Flanders.
XX. Prince of Orange elected Stadtholder, Captain
General, and Admiral of the United Provinces. § XXI.
The Confederates defeated at Laffeldt. XXII. Siege

of Bergen-op-Zoom. XXIII. The Austrians under-
take the siege of Genoa, which, however, they abandon.
XXIV. The Chevalier de Belleisle slain in the attack
of Exilles. XXV. 4 French squadron defeated and
taken by the Admirals Anson and Warfen. § XXVI.
Admiral Hawke obtains another victory over the French
at sea. § XXVII. Qther naval transactions. § XXVIII.
Congress of Ai-la-Chapelle. §.XXIX. Compliant temper
of the new Parliament Preliminaries signed. § XXX.
Preparations for the campaign in the Netherlands.
§ XXXI. Seige.of. Maestricht. Cessation of arms.
§ XXXII. Transactions in the East and West Indies.
§ XXXIII. Conclusion of the Definitive treaty at
Aix-la-Chapelle.

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§ I. IN the beginning of April, the duke of Cum-
berland began his march from Aberdeen, and on the twelfth
passed the deep and rapid river Spey, without opposition
from the rebels, though a detachment of them appeared on
the opposite side. Why they did not dispute the passage is
not easy to be conceived: but, indeed, from this instance
of neglect, and their subsequent conduct, we may conclude
they were under a total infatuation. His royal highness
proceeded to Nairn, where he received intelligence, that the
enemy had advanced from Inverness to Culloden, about the
distance of nine miles from the royal army, with intention
to give him battle. The design of Charles was to march in
the night from Culloden, and surprise the duke's army at
daybreak for this purpose the English camp had been
reconnoitred; and on the night of the fifteenth the High-
land army began to march in two columns. Their design.
was to surround the enemy, and attack them at once on all
quarters but the length of the columns embarrassed the
march, so that the army was obliged to make many halts :
the men had been under arms during the whole preceding
night, were faint with hunger and fatigue, and many of
them overpowered with sleep. Some were unable to pro-
ceed; others dropped off unperceived in the dark; and the
march was retarded in such a manner, that it would have
been impossible to reach the duke's camp before sunrise.
The design being thus frustrated, the prince pretender

:

was with great reluctance prevailed upon by his general officers to measure back his way to Culloden: at which place he had no sooner arrived, than great numbers of his followers dispersed in quest of provision; and many, overcome with weariness and sleep, threw themselves down on the heath, and along the park walls. Their repose, however, was soon interrupted in a very disagreeable manner. Their prince receiving intelligence that his enemies were in full march to attack him, resolved to hazard an engagement, and ordered his troops to be formed for that purpose. On the sixteenth day of April, the duke of Cumberland having made the proper dispositions, decamped from Nairn early in the morning, and after a march of nine miles perceived the Highlanders drawn up in order of battle, to the number of four thousand men, in thirteen divisions, supplied with some pieces of artillery. The royal army, which was much. more numerous, the duke immediately formed into three lines, disposed in excellent order: and about one o'clock in the afternoon the cannonading began. The artillery of the rebels was ill served, and did very little execution; but that of the king's troops made dreadful havoc among the enemy. Impatient of this fire, their front line advanced to the attack, and about five hundred of the clans charged the duke's left wing with their usual impetuosity. One regiment was disordered by the weight of this column; but two battalions advancing from the second line, sustained the first, and soon put a stop to their career, by a severe fire, that killed a great number. At the same time, the dragoons under Hawley, and the Argyleshire militia pulled down a park wall that covered their right flank, and the cavalry falling in among the rebels sword in hand, completed their confusion. The French picquets on their left, covered the retreat of the Highlanders by a close and regular fire; and then retired to Inverness, where they surrendered themselves prisoners of war. An entire body of the rebels marched off the field in order, with their pipes playing, and the pretender's standard displayed; the rest were routed with great slaughter; and their prince was with reluctance prevailed upon to retire. In less than thirty minutes they were totally defeated, and the field covered with the slain. The road, as far as Inverness, was strewed with dead

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