the Dissenter, of the law which secured the independence of the judges, of the law which limited the duration of Parliaments, of the law which placed the liberty of the press under the protection of juries, of the law which prohibited the slave-trade, of the law which abolished the sacramental test, of the law which relieved the Roman Catholics from civil disabilities, of the law which reformed the representative system, of every good law which has been passed during a hundred and sixty years, of every good law which may hereafter, in the course of ages, be found necessary to promote the public weal, and to satisfy the demands of public opinion."

Bishop Burnet's History of his Own Times is the most important original authority for the period of the Revolution. Macaulay considered Burnet a “rash and partial” writer, but he was a most learned, industrious and earnest writer, and his works are of very great value. He was the personal friend of William of Orange, and accompanied him in his invasion of England, in the capacity of chaplain. In his interesting account of the landing at Torbay, he says: "As soon as I landed, I made what haste I could to the place where the prince was; who took me heartily by the hand, and asked me, if I would not now believe predestination. I told him, I would never forget that providence of God which had appeared so signally on this occasion. He was cheerfuller than ordinary. Yet he returned soor. to his usual gravity."

Evelyn's Memoirs, of which Sir Walter Scott said that he “had never seen so rich a mine," also cover the period of the English Revolution. Evelyn was born in 1620, five years before Charles I became king, and lived four years after the death of William. The life of Sir William Temple, to whom Macaulay has devoted one of his longest and most important essays, falls within this time.

Hallam's Constitutional History of England, chaps. xiv and xv, discusses the Revolution with great thoroughness and impartiality. This discussion and that by Ranke, in his History of England in the Seventeenth Century, vol. iv, will be read by the careful student. There are two brief histories of the Revolution which are commended to the young people— The Fall of the Stuarts, by Rev. E. Hale, in the "Epochs of History" series, and the History of the English Revolution of 1688, by Charles Duke Yonge. "Macaulay's brilliant narrative of that great event," says the latter writer in his preface, "is too long for ordinary students; the account given in even the best school history is unavoidably far too short; while the work of Hallam touches only the constitutional points, the purely historical events not coming within his plan. It seemed, therefore, that a narrative which should at once be full enough to give an adequate knowledge of the Revolu

tion in its historical and constitutional aspects, and yet not so minute or prolix as to dishearten or deter the ordinary reader from approaching the subject, might be of use to both pupils and teachers."

1688, the year of the English Revolution, the final overthrow of the Stuarts, was twenty-eight years after the Restoration of Charles II, which brought the Puritan period to an end. It was just forty years after the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War on the Continent. The Thirty Years' War began the year (1618) that Raleigh laid down his head on the block in Palace Yard, the victim of James I, and ended the year before Charles I came to the scaffold in Whitehall, thus being exactly synchronous with the long struggle of Parliament with the Stuarts, out of which came the Commonwealth. Milton and Marvell, the Puritan poets, had been dead, the one fourteen years, the other ten, in 1688. Sir Harry Vane had suffered two years after the Restoration. Bunyan, whose Pilgrim's Progress had been published ten years, died in this same year, 1688. Baxter died three years later. Baxter had been a chaplain in the army of Parliament after the battle of Naseby. Three years before the Revolution he had been tried before Judge Jeffreys and imprisoned. That was the year of the famous " Bloody Assizes." Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney, the noble republican, infamously condemned for participation in the " Rye House plot," had both been executed five years before the Revolution. Ralph Cudworth and Henry More, the Cambridge Platonists, died, the former the year of the Revolution, the latter the year before. Alexander Pope was born this year, 1688. Emanuel Swedenborg was born at Stockholm the same year, dying in London just before our Revolution. Richardson, the novelist, was born the next year. Dry. den had been poet laureate twenty years; he had published The Hind and the Panther the year before, 1687. Newton had published his Principia at the same time. Swift, his studies at Trinity College, Dublin, ended, came over to England in the year of the Revolution. Daniel Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe, then a young man a little older than Swift, joined the Prince of Orange's army. Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the Restoration. The Great Plague, of which he afterwards wrote so vivid an account, occurred when he was only four years old. That was the first of a rapid series of terrible afflictions for London. The Great Fire came the next year, 1666; and it was the year after that that De Ruyter sailed up the Thames and threatened the city. Addison, in 1688, was an

Oxford student. Isaac Watts was only a boy of fourteen, but already mak ing verses. George Fox, the Quaker, was nearing the end of his life. His friend, William Penn, who had much influence with James II, and who had just founded Pennsylvania, is now back in England. Christopher Wren is building St. Paul's cathedral. Greenwich Observatory had just been founded, and Flamsteed, the first astronomer-royal, for whose use it was built (it was called Flamsteed House at first), was making the first trustworthy catalogue of the fixed stars. The Habeas Corpus Act had been passed about ten years before; and the terms “ Whig " and " Tory" had come into use at the same time. Before William's reign was over, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was founded, the Bank of England was incorporated, and England was visited by Peter the Great, who was already Czar of Russia in 1688. The ruins of Pompeii were discovered just at the time of the Revolution. In France, the classical literary period was coming to an end. Corneille had been dead four years, Moliere about ten years longer, Pascal about ten years longer still; Pascal, who so ear. nestly opposed the Jesuits in France, died the same year (1662) that Sir Harry Vane died on the scaffold in England. Racine, the most admired of the French dramatists, was still living in 1688; his greatest work, Athalie, appeared just after the Revolution, and he died near the close of William's reign. Bossuet was living, and published his famous work on Protestantism this very year, 1688. Montesquieu, whose work on The Spirit of Laws was more cited than any other work by the framers of our own Constitution, was born the next year, and Voltaire soon afterwards. Madame de Sévigné, now sixty, was living in Paris, writing letters to her "infinitely dear child." Fenelon had just formed the acquaintance of Madame Guyon, and his controversy with Bossuet over Madame Guyon's “Quietism " began presently. Louis the Fourteenth was King of France. It was the time of John Sobieski in Poland. It was the time of Sir Edmund Andros and the struggle for the Charter in Massachusetts, the time too of the witchcraft horror. In Germany, Bach and Händel had just been born, both in the same year, 1685. This is a good point to remember in the history of music. In connection with the history of philosophy, it is easy to remember that John Locke, who had been exiled in Holland, came back to England in the fleet that conveyed the Princess of Orange. He had finished his great work, the Essay on the Human Understanding, in Holland, the year before the Revolution, and his first letter on Toleration appeared the year after the Revolution. The student of American history will remember that it was John Locke who framed the constitution of Carolina, while Charles II was King. Berkeley, who was influenced by Locke and who also is interesting to the student of American history on account of his residence in Rhode Island and his "Westward the course of Empire," etc., was a boy of four in 1688. Hobbes

was born just a century before Locke came back from Holland with his book, the very year of the Armada. Locke was born in 1632, just a century before the birth of Washington. Spinoza was born at Amsterdam the same year, which was the year that Gustavus Adolphus fell at Lützen; but he died at the age of forty-four, while Locke lived until 1704, just a century before the death of Kant. It will be remembered that Spinoza corresponded with Leibnitz, then a young man, and sent him the manuscript of his Ethics. Spinoza's first important philosophical work was his abridgment of the Meditations of Descartes, which he wrote at Rhynsburg near Leyden. It was in retirement near Leyden that Descartes had written nearly all of his important works, while Spinoza was yet a boy.

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THE RELATION OF FRANCIS VAZQUEZ DE CORONADO, CAPTAINE GENERALL OF THE PEOPLE WHICH WERE SENT IN THE NAME OF THE EMPEROURS MAIESTIE TO THE COUNTREY OF CIBOLA NEWLY DISCOUERED, WHICH HE SENT TO DON ANTONIO DE MENDOCA VICEROY OF MEXICO, OF SUCH THINGS AS HAPPENED IN HIS VOYAGE FROM THE 22. OF APRILL IN THE YEERE 1540. WHICH DEPARTED FROM CULIACAN FORWARD, AND OF SUCH THINGS AS HEE FOUND IN THE COUNTREY WHICH HE PASSED.

CHAP. I.

Francis Vazquez departeth with his armie from Culiacan, and after diuers troubles in his voyage, arriueth at the valley of the people called Los Caracones, which he findeth barren of Maiz: for obtaining whereof hee sendeth to the valley called The valley of the Lord: he is informed of the greatnesse of the valley of the people called Caracones, and of the nature of those people, and of certaine Islands lying along that coast.

THE 22. of the moneth of Aprill last past I departed from the prouince of Culiacan with part of the army, and in such order as I mentioned vnto your Lordship, and according to the successe I assured my selfe, by all likelihood that I shall not bring all mine armie together in this enterprise: because the troubles haue bene so great and the want of victuals, that I thinke all this yeere wil not be sufficient to performe this enterprise, & if it should bee performed in so short a time, it would be to the great losse of our people. For as I wrote vnto your Lordship, I was fourescore dayes in trauailing to Culiacan, in all which time I and those Gentlemen my companions which were horsemen, carried on our backs, and on our horses, a little victuall, so that from henceforward wee carried none other needefull apparell with vs, that was aboue a pound weight and all this notwithstanding, and though wee put our