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beyond her limits, but 'tis fo ordered, that from the want of languages, connections, and dependencies, and from the difference in education, cuftoms, and habits, we lie under fo many impediments in communicating our fenfations out of our own sphere, as often amount to a total impoffibility.

It will always follow from hence, that the balance of fentimental commerce is always against the expatriated adventurer: he must buy what he has little occafion for at their own price — his conversation will feldom be taken in exchange for theirs without a large discount and this, by the bye, eternally driving him into the hands of more equitable brokers for fuch converfation as he can find, it requir es no great fpirit of divination to guefs at his party.

This brings me to my point; and naturally leads me (if the fee-faw of this Defobligeant will but let me get on) into the efficient as well as the final caufes of travelling

Your idle people that leave their native country, and go abroad for fome reafon or reafons which may be derived from one of these general caufesInfirmity of body,

Imbecility of mind, or
Inevitable neceffity.

The first two include all those who travel by land or by water, laboring with pride, curiofity, vanity or fpleen, fubdivided and combined in infinitum.

The third clafs includes the whole army of peregrine martyrs; more efpecially thofe travellers who set out upon their travels with the benefit of the clergy, either as delinquents travelling under the direction of governors recommended by the magifor young gentlemen tranfported by the cruelty of parents and guardians, and travelling under the direction of governors recommended by Oxford, Aberdeen, and Glasgow.

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There is a fourth clafs, but their number is fo small that they would not deferve a distinction, was it not neceffary in a work of this nature to obferve the greatest precision and nicety, to avoid a confufion of character. And thefe men I speak of, are fuch as crofs the feas and fojourn in a land of strangers with a view of faving money for various reafons and upon various pretences: but as they might alfo fave themselves and others a great deal of unneceffary trouble by faving their money at home and as their reafons for travelling are the least complex of any other fpecies of emigrants, I fhall diftinguish these gentlemen by the name of Simple Travellers.

Thus the whole circle of travellers, may be reduced to the following heads:

Idle Travellers,

Inquifitive Travellers,

Lying Travellers,

Proud Travellers,

Vain Travellers,
Splenetic Travellers.

Then follow the Travellers of Neceffity, The delinquent and felonious Traveller, The unfortunate and innocent Traveller, The fimple Traveller,

And laft of all (if you please)

The Sentimental Traveller

(meaning thereby myself) who have travell'd, and of which I am now fitting down to give an account as much out of Neceffity, and the befoin de Voyager, as any one in the class.

I am well aware, at the fame time, as both my travels and obfervations will be altogether of a different caft from any of my fore-runners; that I might have infifted upon a whole niche entirely to myself but I fhould break in upon the confines of the Vain Traveller, in wifhing to draw attention towards me, till I have fome better grounds for it, than the mere Novelty of my Vehicle. It is fufficient for my reader, if he has been a traveller himself, that with study and reflection hereupon he may be able to determine his own place and rank in the catalogue it will be one step towards knowing himself, as it is great odds but he retains fome tincture and refemblance, of what he imbibed or carried out, to the present hour.

The man who firft tranfplanted the grape of Burgundy to the Cape of Good Hope (obferve he was a Dutchman) never dreamt of drinking the

too

fame wine at the Cape that the fame grape produced
upon the French mountains -
he was
phlegmatic for that but undoubtedly he expected
to drink some sort of vinous liquor; but whether
good, bad, or indifferent he knew enough of
this world to know, that it did not depend upon
his choice, but that what is generally called chance
was to decide his fuccefs: however, he hoped for
the beft and in thefe hopes, by an intemperate
confidence in the fortitude of his head, and the
depth of his discretion, Mynheer might poffibly over-
fet both in his new vine-yard; and by discovering
his nakedness, become a laughing-stock to his people.

Even fo it fares with the poor Traveller, failing and posting through the politer kingdoms of the globe in pursuit of knowledge and improvements.

Knowledge and improvements are to be got by failing and posting for that purpofe; but whether ufeful knowledge and real improvements, is all a lottery and even where the adventurer is fuccefsful, the acquired ftock must be used with caution and fobriety to turn to any profit but as the chances run prodigiously the other way, both as to the acquifition and application, I am of opinion, That a man would act as wifely, if he could prevail upon himself, to live contented without foreign knowledge or foreign improvements, especially if he lives in a country that has no abfolute want of either and indeed, much grief of heart has it oft and many a time coft me, when I have obferved

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how many a foul ftep the inquifitive Traveller has measured to fee fights and look into difcoveries > all which, as Sancho Pança faid to Don Quixote, they might have feen dry-fhod at home. It is an age fo full of light, that there is scarce a country or corner of Europe whose beams are not croffed and interchanged with others- Knowledge in most of its branches, and in most affairs, is like mufic in an Italian street, whereof thofe may partake, who pay nothing But there is no nation under heaven and God is my record, (before whose tribunal I must one day come and give an account of this work) that I do not speak it vauntinglyBut there is no nation under heaven abounding with more variety of learning where the sciences may be more fitly woo'd, or more furely won than here where art is encouraged, aud will foon rife high -where Nature (take her altogether) has fo little to answer for and, to close all, where there is more wit and variety of character to feed the mind with Where then, my dear countrymen,

are you going?

-We are only looking at this chaife, faid theyYour most obedient fervant, faid I, fkipping out of it, and pulling off my hat- We were wondering, faid one of them, who, I found, was an inquifitive traveller- what could occafion its motion. 'Twas the agitation, faid I coolly, of writ ing a preface I never heard, faid the other, who was a fimple traveller, of a preface wrote in a Defobligeant. It would have been better, faid I, in a

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