Abbildungen der Seite
PDF
EPUB

In

William of Germany visited Queen Victoria at Osborne August 4; later he visited other crowned heads of Europe. President Celman, of the Argentine Confederation, resigned, and was succeeded by Senor Pellegrini. The German Emperor formally took possession of Heligoland on August 10. General Barrundia, the Guatemalean refugee, was killed by Guatemalean officers on the American steamer Acapulco at San Jose August 22. Switzerland a revolution broke out in the canton of Ticino September 11. Fire partially destroyed the famous palace of the Alhambra in Spain September 16. The Portuguese Cabinet resigned September 17. In Ireland, Home Rulers John Dillon and William O'Brieu were arrested for advising tenants not to pay rents September 18; they soon after escaped to New York. Von Moltke's ninetieth birthday was celebrated in Germany October 26. The first Japanese Parliament was opened November 1. The attention of the world was arrested on November 4 by the publication of the statement of Professor Koch concerning his remedy for tuberculosis. A revolt against President Bogran in Honduras was suppressed with the aid of American residents November 9, and the rebel leader, Sanchez, was killed. The British torpedo cruiser Serpent was wrecked on the Spanish coast with a loss of 173 lives November 10. A divorce was granted November 17 to Captain O'Shea from his wife, who deserted him for Charles Stewart Parnell. The scandal was disastrous to Parnell. Although he was re-elected leader of the Irish National party on November 25, he was deserted by Justin McCarthy and forty-four other Irish Members of Parliament, who elected' McCarthy leader on December 6. General Seliverskoff, Russian agent at Paris, was assassinated at his hotel November 19. At Kilkenny, on December 24, the opponents of Parnell triumphed in electing Sir John Pope Hennessy to Parliament by 1,171 majority. On December 30 the leaders of the Irish faction began a conference at Boulogne.

1891

Little Chile frequently occupied the centre of the international stage in 1891. On January 7 a part of the Chilean navy revolted against the Balmaceda government, when President Balmaceda assumed the dictatorship of the country. On May 7 the Chilean steamer Itata escaped from the harbor of San Diego, Cal., while in charge of a United States marshal, but on June 4 she surrendered to United States naval vessels at Iquique. Balmaceda's army was finally defeated at Vina del Mar, Chile, on August 28, the insurgents took Santiago August 31, and the new Chilean Government was recognized by the United States September 7. On September 19 ex-President Balmaceda committed suicide. The United States Government, on October 26, demanded reparation from Chile for the assault on the crew of the war steamer Baltimore in Valparaiso on October 17, two being killed and eighteen hurt. Other warlike events of the year were: The termination of the Indian wars in Northwestern America by the surrender of the hostiles January 15; the suppression of a Republican uprising at Oporto, Portugal, January 31; the defeat of Osman Digna by the Egyptians at Tokar February 19; insurrectionary troubles in Buenos Ayres, following the election of General de Fonseca, March 2. He proclaimed himself Dictator November 5, but resigned November 19. In New Orleans the lynching of eleven Italians by citizens in revenge for the murder of Chief of Police Hennessy led to talk of war between the United States and Italy. Baron Fava, the Italian Minister at Washington, was recalled, and the trouble was finally settled by the payment of an indemnity of $25,000 to the families of the sufferers. Secretary of State Blaine did not regard the indemnity as a right, but as a courteous redress. He also boldly refused "to recognize the right of any government to tell the United States what it should do," adding, "we have never received orders from any foreign power, and shall not begin now." On March 30 the Manipur tribes massacred 400 Goorkhas troops at Assam; ten days later a large force of Manipurs were defeated by the British under Lieutenant Grant, but on April 13 Mr. Quinton and other British officials were murdered and mutilated at Manipur. By order of President Hippolyte there were many executions in Hayti on June 8. A British naval force landed at Mitylene on September 14 and erected fortifications. France severed diplo matic relations with Bulgaria December 14. Among the incidents less warlike than the foregoing abroad were: The making public by Dr. Koch of the ingredients of his consumption lymph January 15; the announcement at the British Museum of the discovery of a

[ocr errors]

lost work by Aristotle; the formation of a new ministry in Italy with the Marquis di Rudini as Premier February 9; the surrender of Dillon and O'Brien, the Irish Nationalists, to the English police February 12; a Conservative triumph at the general elections for Parliament in Canada March 5; the consent of France to arbitration on the Newfoundland fisheries question with the United States March 11; the sinking of the steamship Eutopia by collision in Gibraltar Bay, 571 Italian passengers drowning, March 17; the first conversation by telephone between London and Paris March 17; the Czar proclaimed the expulsion of Jews from Moscow April 22; Prince Bismarck was elected to the Reichstag May 1; Queen Natalie of Servia was expelled from Belgrade May 19; the British Parliament passed the Behring Sea bill June 9; Sir William Gordon Cumming was convicted in England of cheating at baccarat June 9, and the next day was married to Miss Garner, a wealthy New York woman. A new Canadian ministry was formed by Premier Abbott June 16. Charles Stewart Parnell and Mrs. O'Shea were married June 25. The triple alliance of Germany, Italy and Austria was renewed for six years June 30. Emperor William of Germany visited England and was received with great demonstrations July 4-14. An attempt was made by a madman to assassinate President Carnot July 13. Lord Salisbury received the Columbian World's Fair Commissioners in England July 23. A French fleet visited Cronstadt, Russia, and was enthusiastically received July 27. The six hundredth anniversary of Swiss nationality was celebrated on August 1. The International Congress of Hygiene and Demography was opened by the Prince of Wales at St. James's Hall, London. The export of every kind of grain from Russia was prohibited August 11. Sir Hector Langevin, Canadian Minister of Public Works, resigned because of disclosures of corruption made before a Parliamentary committee. The French fleet was received with great ovations in English waters August 18-21. A hurricane and earthquake at Martinique destroyed every vessel in the harbor and cost 340 lives August 19. The "holy coat" was exposed to view in the cathedral at Treves August 20. The Meyerbeer centenary was celebrated at Berlin September 5. In San Salvador an earthquake destroyed many villages and lives September 9, and at Seville, Spain, 2,000 people were drowned by floods September 16. The first performance of "Lohengrin" was given in Paris September 16. On September 30 General Boulanger committed suicide at Brussels. Demonstrations were made against the French Catholic pilgrims at Rome on October 2. Arthur J. Balfour was appointed First Lord of the Treasury October 18. The Italian Government permitted the importation of American pork October 21. A commercial treaty was signed by Germany, Austria and Italy October 27.

In the United States the notable events of 1891, not already mentioned, were: The death of Secretary of the Treasury Windom at a Board of Trade banquet at Delmonico's, New York, after a speech, January 29. President Harrison proclaimed reciprocity with Brazil February 5. Edwin Booth played "Hamlet" in Brooklyn and bade farewell to the stage April 4. The beginning of the second century of patents in the United States was celebrated at Washington April 8. Ground was broken for the Grant Monument, New York City, with imposing ceremonies April 27. The Chinese Government notified the United States of its disapproval of Henry W. Blair, American Minister, April 28. The new Carnegie Music Hall in New York City was opened May 5. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the "original package" law May 25. President Harrison issued a proclamation declaring a close sealing season in Behring Sea June 15. A commercial treaty between the United States and Spain was made public June 26. An inland lake appeared in the Colorado desert June 29. The reciprocity treaty with San Domingo was made public August 1. The new lands in Oklahoma were opened to settlers September 22. The Leland Stanford, Jr., University at Palo Alto, Cal., was opened. Phillips Brooks was consecrated Bishop of Massachusetts October 14. The New York Presbytery acquitted the Rev. Dr. Briggs of heresy October 4. A memorial meeting in honor of Charles Stewart Parnell was held in New York November 15. Norcross, a Boston lunatic, attempted to assassinate Russell Sage in New York by exploding a bomb December 4.

1892

The United States. In 1892. went through the throes of another presidential campaign, in which the tariff was the issue. The Republicans, at Minneapolis in June, renominated

President Harrison on the first ballot, he receiving 535 votes to 182 for Blaine, 182 for McKinley and 4 for Speaker Reed. Whitelaw Reid, of New York, was unanimously nomi. nated for Vice-President. The Democrats, at Chicago in June, nominated Grover Cleveland on the first ballot, with Adlai E. Stevenson for Vice-President. David B. Hill, of New York, who received 114 votes, and Horace Boies, of Iowa, with 103 votes, were Cleveland's chief opponents for the Presidential nomination, he receiving 617 ballots. In the election on November 8, out of a popular vote of 12,110,636, Cleveland received 5,556,533; Harrison, 5,175,577. The electoral vote stood: Cleveland, 277; Harrison, 145; Weaver, People's candidate, 22, he carrying Colorado, Idaho, Kansas and Nevada, and getting one electoral vote ir. North Dakota and one in Nevada. Weaver's votes were obtained by fusion with the Democrats. Practically universal peace prevailed throughout 1892, and there were few radical departures from humdrum national existence anywhere. Tiny Honduras had a revolution in August, and in October a Venezuelan revolution triumphed in a battle won by On General Crespo. The world, however, wagged on like a well regulated pendulum. January 25 Chile withdrew the offensive note by Minister Matta to the United States and apologized for the Valparaiso riots. The United States calmed Italy's ire over the New Orleans "Mafia riots" by paying $25,000 indemnity to families of the victims. Among the noteworthy events in the United States were: The United States Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of the McKinley Tariff act March 1; the Senate ratified the Behring Sea arbitration treaty without opposition March 29; the United States invited other nations to a monetary conference April 21; President Harrison laid the corner-stone of the Grant Monument in New York April 27; the bridge across the Mississippi River at Memphis was opened with ceremonies May 12; Dr. Parkhurst's crusade against vice in New York, following his denunciation of New York City officials as "a damnable pack of administrating bloodhounds," was indorsed at a mass meeting at Cooper Union. A conflict between strikers and Pinkerton men at Homestead, Pa., resulted in ten killed and many wounded The July 6, and led Governor Pattison to order out State troops July 9 to preserve order. Stewart Free Silver Coinage bill was defeated in the House of Representatives, 154 to 136, July 13. Congress appropriated $2,500,000 to be coined into memorial half dollars in aid of the World's Columbian Fair at Chicago. New York State troops were ordered to Buffalo and quelled a switchmen's strike in August. President Harrison issued a proclamation Το retaliatory upon Canada by establishing tolls on Sault Ste. Marie Canal August 20. shut out the cholera the United States Government proclaimed twenty days' quarantine for all European vessels September 1; a death occurred in New York City from cholera on The disSeptember 13, but the city was declared free of the disease after September 19. covery of America by Columbus was commemorated in New York October 9-15 by a series of celebrations, including a great military pageant October 12; in Chicago, October A $5,000,000 fire 20-23, there were magnificent ceremonies dedicatory of the World's Fair. The Amalgamated Association in Milwaukee burned over twenty-six acres October 28. declared the strike at Homestead at an end November 20; the anarchist, Berkman, who tried to kill Manager H. C. Frick, of the Carnegie Steel Works, was sentenced to twentytwo years' imprisonment. The corner-stone of the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral of St. The Rev. Dr. McGlynn was restored John the Divine, New York, was laid December 27. to his priestly functions by the Papal delegate, Mgr. Satolli.

Abroad, in 1892, the much-mooted "unwritten law" came into prominence when Edward P. Deacon, an American, shot and killed his wife's friend, M. Abeille, in Paris February 18. On the same day Lieutenant Hetherington, U. S. N., also killed a too persistent admirer of his wife at Yokohama, Japan. The French ministry was defeated on a religious question and resigned February 18, and M. Loubet formed a new ministry February 27; a ministerial crisis in Greece occurred at the same time. An extradition treaty between France and the United States was signed at Paris March 26. At Tokio, Japan, a fire destroyed 6,000 houses on April 12. The Cafe Very, Paris, was destroyed by dynamite April 25. One The Rudini ministry thousand lives were lost through a hurricane at Mauritius April 29. in Italy resigned May 5. An American steamer laden with grain for the starving Russians arrived at Riga May 13. The Danish King and Queen celebrated their golden wedding May 23. The Twelfth Parliament of Victoria was dissolved and elections for the new RavaParliament began June 28. St. John's, N. F., was nearly destroyed by fire July 9.

chol, the anarchist and dynamiter, was guillotined at Paris July 11. An avalanche from Mont Blanc destroyed villages and 200 lives July 12. The Christopher Columbus celebration began at Cadiz, Spain, July 31. The new British Parliament was opened August 4. August 11 a vote of "no confidence" in the Conservative ministry was carried in the House On of Commons, 350 to 210; the Conservative ministry thereupon resigned, and Mr. Gladstone formed a Liberal ministry. The railroad from Joppa to Jerusalem was completed September 13. On September 20 the Italian people celebrated the twenty-first anniversary of the unification of Italy. The centennial of the birth of the First Republic was celebrated in France on September 22. Stuart Knill, a Roman Catholic, was elected Lord Mayor of London September 29. The German and Austrian Emperors had a fraternal conference in Vienna October 11. The Anchor Line steamer Roumania was wrecked on the coast of Portugal, with a loss of more than 100 lives, October 28. Celebrations in honor of Luther were held at Wittenberg October 31. Anarchists caused dynamite explosions in Paris November 8. The International Monetary Conference met in Brussels November 22; on December 17 it suspended its sessions until May 13, 1893. Sir John Thompson succeeded Sir John Abbott as Canadian Premier November 25 and chose a new ministry. tigation of the Panama Canal scandal was begun in France November 25; on this scandel The invesissue the Loubet ministry resigned November 28, and the Ribot ministry succeeded December 5. Ferdinand de Lesseps was arrested for complicity in the canal frauds December 16; excitement was high in France; Clemenceau and Deroulede, the French political leaders, fought a bloodless duel on December 23.

1893

The political change in 1893 in the Washington administration by the inauguration of Mr. Cleveland as President on March 4 did not cause as much excitement as did Mr.. Cleveland's first accession. Walter Q. Gresham, of Illinois, was made Secretary of State. The notable political events of the year were: The Senate confirmed the Russian extradition treaty February 8; the Hawaiian annexation treaty was returned to the State Department by the Senate at the President's request March 9; the Supreme Court declared the Geary Chinese Exclusion act to be constitutional May 15; President Cleveland called an extra session of Congress, to convene August 7, to consider the financial crisis June 30; when the extra session begun currency was selling at a premium in New York City. The House of Representatives voted to repeal the silver-purchasing clause of the Sherman act, rejecting all free coinage amendments. August 28, and on September 20 the bill to repeal the Federal Election law was reported in the House. bill October 30. The Senate passed the Silver Repeal The first Chinaman was officially deported from San Francisco August 10, for non-registration. During the year American eyes were turned frequently toward Hawaii, where Queen Liliuokalani was dethroned by revolutionists on January 16; Minister Stevens landed United States marines at Honolulu, raised the United States flag, and established a protectorate February 1; this protectorate ended April 13, when the United States forces were withdrawn by order of Commissioner Blount. of 1893 were: Other noteworthy American incidents President Harrison raised the American flag on the Atlantic liner New York February 22; the World's Fair at Chicago was opened by President Cleveland May 1 and continued until October 30; a $5,000,000 fire in Boston, March 10, was followed by the burning of Tremont Temple in that city March 19; the New York Central Railroad's engine "999" raised the speed limit to 112 miles per hour; Princess Eulalie, representative of the Spanish Government, was received with honors in New York May 18; the body of Jefferson Davis was reinterred at Richmond, Va.; the Presbyterian General Assembly suspended Dr. Eriggs from the ministry June 1; the Ford Opera House in Washington, D. C., used by the Pension Record Division of the War Office, collapsed during business hours, killing twenty-one clerks and wounding many, June 9; Governor Altgeld, of Illinois, caused a fiore by releasing the Haymarket anarchists from prison June 26; the ClearingHouse banks of New York prevented a money panic by the loan of $6,000,000 June 29; the South Carolina liquor dispensary law took effect July 1; Lieutenant Peary's expedition left New York for the Arctic regions July 2; by Mr. Drexel's will many public bequests and $1,000,000 for the erection of an art gallery in Philadelphia were announced July 20;

Minneapolis had a $2,000,000 fire, by which 1,500 people were made homeless, August 13; the resuming of work in the iron, steel and cotton mills of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts restored 20,000 men to labor August 14; 1,000 lives were lost by a cyclone in Savannah and Charleston August 28; President Cleveland opened the Pan-American Congress in Washington September 5; the Parliament of Religions began its sessions at Chicago September 11; the Cherokee strip was opened for public settlement September 16; yellow fever became epidemic at Brunswick, Ga., September 17; a disastrous cyclone raged on the Gulf coast of Louisiana, about 2,000 persons, mostly whites, being killed, and much property destroyed; the Union Pacific Railroad was placed in a receiver's hands October 13; the English yacht Valkyrie was defeated by the American yacht Vigilant in races for the America's Cup off New York harbor October 7-13; eastbound and westbound records were broken by the Cunard steamships Lucania and Campania, respectively, October 20; Mayor Carter H. Harrison, of Chicago, was assassinated October 28; F. H. Weeks, of New York, embezzler of $1,000,000, was sent to Sing Sing prison; the new cruiser Columbia, U. S. N., made nearly twenty-five knots on an unofficial trip; a successful test of an electrical canal boat on the Erie Canal was made November 19; the United States Supreme Court decided the Great Lakes to be high seas November 21; a statue of Nathan Hale was unveiled in New York City by Sons of the Revolution November 25.

Abroad: Princess Marie of Edinburgh and Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria were married January 10. The Ribot ministry in France assumed power January 10. The Pope appointed Mgr. Satolli Permanent Apostolic Delegate to the United States January 14. The Khedive of Egypt appointed a new cabinet without consulting the British Government; the next day he dismissed it under British pressure. Princess Margaret, sister of the German Emperor, and Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse were married January 25. Many persons were killed and injured and buildings demolished by an earthquake on the island of Zante. Count de Lesseps and son, MM. Fontaine, Cottu and Eiffel were found guilty of swindling in the Panama scandal trials February 9. Mr. Gladstone introduced the Home Rule bill in the British House of Commons February 13. The Pope's Episcopal jubilee was celebrated February 19. The Mayor of Moscow was assassinated March 21, The Behring Sea arbitration court opened in Paris March 23. Spurgeon's son succeeded him in the Tabernacle pulpit, London, March 29. Brazilian revolutionists defeated the Castilhistas and massacred 4,000 men at Alegrete April 8. Japan seized the Pellew Islands in the North Pacific April 11. The English, Scottish and Australian Chartered Bank of London failed, with liabilities of $30,000,000, April 12. A complete Syrian text of the four gospels of the New Testament was discovered in the Mount Sinai Convent April 12. Alexander, the young King of Servia, by a coup d'etat, established his authority. The Australian Joint Stock Bank failed for £13,000,000 sterling April 20. Mr. Gladstone offered the Poet Laureateship to John Ruskin May 8. The Earl of Aberdeen became Governor-General of Canada May 11. Fifty villages were destroyed and many lives lost by floods in Austria June 7. On June 23 the sympathetic attention of the universe was extended to England when the English battleship Victoria collided with the Camperdown off Tripoli, Syria, and sank, with 400 officers and seamen, among others, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon, the fleet commander. India closed her mints to free coinage of silver June 25. There was rioting in Paris by students and afterward by the disorderly classes July 3-4. The Duke of York and Princess Mary of Teck were married in London July 6. Great disorders and fighting in the House of Commons occurred July 27. The French Cabinet accepted Siam's surrender of territorial rights July 30. The Behring Sea Court of Arbitration denied the right of the United States to a closed sea August 15. The House of Lords rejected the Home Rule bill September 8. The Brazilian rebel fleet began the bombardment of Rio de Janeiro September 13. The Matabele tribe, under Lobengula, attacked the British strongholds near Victora, South Africa, October 3. The President of Guatemala dissolved Congress and declared himself Dictator October 13. Russian naval officers were feted in France October 15-20. A cargo of dynamite exploded in the harbor of Santander, Spain, killing and wounding at least 1,000 persons, while more than 100 houses, were burned, November 4. Thirty persons were killed and eighty injured by a bomb thrown by anarchists in a Barcelona theatre November 8. One of the insurgents' best warships was sunk in Rio harbor by Peixoto's guns. An anarchist exploded a bomb in the French Chamber of Deputies December 9.

« ZurückWeiter »