The following tables of the metric system of weights and measures have been simplified as much as possible for THE WORLD ALMANAC by omitting such denominations as are not in practical, everyday use in the countries where the system is used exclusively. TABLES OF THE SYSTEM. Length. The denominations in practical use are millimetres (mm.), centimetres (cm.), metres (m.), and kilometres (km.). 10 mm. 1 cm.; 100 cm. 1 m.; 1.000 m. 1 km. NOTE. -A decimetre is 10 cm. Weight. The denominations in use are grams (g.), kilos (kg.), and tons (metric tons). 1,000 g.1 kg.; 1,000 kg. 1 metric ton, Capacity. The denominations in use are cubic centimetres (c. c. ) and litres (1.). 1,000 c. c.11. NOTE-A hectolitre is 100 1. (seldom used). Relation of capacity and weight to length: A cubic decimetre is a litre, and a litre of water weighs a kilo. APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS. A metre is about a yard; a kilo is about 2 pounds; a litre is about a quart; a centimetre is about inch; a metric ton is about same as a ton; a kilometre is about 31⁄2 mile; a cubic centimetre is about a thimbleful; a nickel weighs about 5 grams. Minimum Weights of Produce. THE following are minimum weights of certain articles of produce according to the laws of the United States: Coarse salt Fine salt in Penn SALT.-Weight per bushel as adopted by different States ranges from 50 to 80 pounds in Pennsylvania is reckoned at 80 pounds, and in Illinois at 50 pounds per bushel. aylvania is reckoned at 62 pounds, in Kentucky and Illinois at 55 pounds per bushel Measures and Weights of Great Britain. THE measures of length and the weights are nearly, practically, the same as those in use in the United States. The English ton is 2,240 lbs, avoirdupois, the same as the long ton, or shipping ton of the United States. The English hundredweight is 112 lbs, avoirdupois, the same as the long hundredweight of the United States. The metre has been legalized at 39. 37079 inches, but the length of 39. 370432 inches, as adopted by France, Germany, Belgium, and Russia, is frequently used, The Imperial gallon, the basis of the system of capacity, involves an error of about 1 part in 1,836: 10lbs. of water-277 123 cubic inches. The English statute mile is 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet. MEASURES OF CAPACITY. A cubic foot of pure gold weighs 1.210 pounds, pure silver, 655 pounds; cast iron, 450 pounds; copper, 550 pounds; lead. 710 pounds; pure platinum, 1,220 pounds; tin, 466 pounds; aluminum, 163 pounds. Domestic Weights and Measures. Apothecaries' Weight: 20 grains 1 scruple; 3 scruples 1 dram; 8 drams-1 ounce; 12 ounces 1 pound. Avoirdupois Weight (short ton): 27 11-32 grains - 1 dram; 16 drams-1 ounce; 16 ounces- 1 pound; 25 pounds 1 quarter; 4 quarters 1 cwt.; 20 cwt. - 1 ton, Avoirdupois Weight (long ton): 27 11-32 grains-1 dram; 16 drams-1 ounce; 16 ounces = ! pound; 112 pounds 1 cwt.; 20 cwt. - 1 ton. Troy Weight: 24 grains 1 pennyweight: 20 pennyweights-1 ounce; 12 ounces- 1 pound. Circular Mensure: 60 seconds 1 minute; 60 minutes-1degree; 30 degrees-1 sign; 12 signs -1 circle or circumference Cubic Measure: 1,728 cubic inches - 1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet-1 cubic yard. Dry Measure: 2 pints 1 quart; & quarts-1 peck; 4 pecks-1 busbel. Liquid Measure: 4 gills 1 pint; 2 pints-1 quart; 4 quarts-1 gallon; 31 gallons-1 barrel: 2 barrels 1 hogshead. Long Measure: 12 inches1 foot; 3 feet 1 yard; 5% yards-1 rod or pole; 40 rods-1 furlong; 8 furlongs 1 statute mile (1,760 yards or 5.280 feet); 3 miles 1 league. Mariner's Measure: 6 feet1 fathom; 120 fathoms 1 cable length, 7% cable lengths - 1 mile; 5,280 feet ➡ 1 statute mile; 6,085 feet 1 nautical mile. Paper Measure: 24 sheets-1 quire; 20 quires 1 ream (480 sheets); 2 reams - 1 bundle; 5 bundles 1 bale. Square Measure: 144 square Inches-1 square foot; 9 square feet-1 square yard; 304 square yards 1 square rod or perch; 40 square rods 1 rood; 4 roods-1 acre: 640 acres 1 square mile; 36 square miles (6 miles square) 1 township. = Time Measure: 60 seconds-1 minute; 60 minutes 1 hour; 24 hours-1 day; 7 days➡1 week; 365 days➡1 year; 366 days - 1 leap year. MEDICAL SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS. B (Lat. Recipe), take; åå, of each; b, pound; 3, onnce; 3. drachm; . scruple; m, minim, or drop; O oro, pint; f3, fluid ounce; f3, fluid drachm; as, ss, half an ounce; 31, one ounce: 3iss, one ounce and a half; 3ij, two ounces; gr., grain; Q. S., as much as sufficient: Ft. Mist., let a mix. ture be made; Ft. Haust.. let a draught be made, Ad., add to, Ad lib., at pleasure; Aq, water; M., mix: Mac, macerate; Pulv., powder; Pil., pill; Solv, dissolve; St., let it stand; Sum., to be taken; D., dose; Dil,, dilute; Filt, filter, Lot., a wash; Garg., a gargle; Hor. Decub., at bed time; Inject., injection: Gtt., drops; ss, one-half: Ess., essence. To and the number of acres in any number of square varas, multiply the latter by 177 (or to be more exact, by 177), and cut off six decimals. 1.900.8 varas - 1 mile. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF THE PHILIPPINES, 1 vara 331⁄2 inches. Knots and Miles. THE Statute Mile is 5,280 feet. The British Admiralty Knot or Nautical Mile is 6,080 feet. The Statute Knot is 6,082, 66 feet, and is generally considered the standard. The number of feet in a statute knot is arrived at thus: The circumference of the earth is divided into 360 degrees, each degree containing 60 knots or (360x60), 21,600 knots to the circumference. 21,600 divided into 131,385,456-the number of feet in the earth's circumference-gives 6,082,66 feet-the length of a standard mile. "The modern drachma equals 19.3 cents. †Did not remain, at all periods, at this value, but this is the value indicated by Tacitus. English Money: 4 farthings Foreign Moneys. horse power. .238 unit of heat (Therm). 1 penny (d); 12 pence-1 shilling (s); 20 shillings -1 pound (£). 21 shillings one guinea; 5 shillings one crown. German Money: 100 pfennig 1 mark. Austro-Hungarian Money: 100 kreutzer 1 florin. For United States equivalents, see table of Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money. " 44 TIME. Table of Geometrical Progression. (WHEREBY any questions of Geometrical Progression and of Double Ratio may be solved by Inspection, the Number of Terms not exceeding 56.) ILLUSTRATIONS-The 13th power of 2-8192, and the the 8th root of 256–2, Standard Newspaper Measure. THE Standard Newspaper Measure, as recognized and now in general use is 13 ems pica. The standard of measurement of all sizes of type is the "em quad," not the letter 'm." The basis of measurements adopted by the International Typographical Union is the lower-case alphabet, from "a" to "z" inclusive, and the ems used are the same body as the type measured, (Showing at Different Rates the Interest on $1 from 1 Month to 1 Year, and on $100 from 1 Day to 1 Year) 4 PER CENT. 5 PER CENT. 6 PER CENT. 7 PER CENT. 8 PER CENT. One Dollar 1 month. Dollars. Danish Mile. Stunde. Compound Interest Table. COMPOUND INTEREST ON ONE DOLLAR FOR 100 YEARS. YEARS IN WHICH A GIVEN AMOUNT WILL DOUBLE AT SEVERAL RATES OF INTEREST. 3.. 1.15 1.27 1.38 1.50 1.62 1.73 2,08 4. 1.54 1.69 1.85 2.00 2.31 2. 46 2.62 2.77 2.92 3.08 5. 2.15 2.31 2.50 2.69 2.88 2.77 3.00 3.23 3.23 3.50 3.77 4.04 3.69 4.00 4.31 3.46 3.81 4.15 4.50 4.85 3.85 4.23 4.62 5.00 5.38 5.77 6.15 5.50 5.92 6.35 6.77 6.00 6.46 6.92 7.38 7.85 8.31 8.77 9.23 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 7.00 7.54 8.08 8.62 9.15 9.69 10.23 10.77 7.50 8.08 8.65 9.23 9.81 10.96 11.54 9.23 10.00 10.77 11.54 12.31 13.03 13.85 14.62 15.38 1400 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 28,00 30,00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 30.00 33.00 36,00 39 00 42.00 45.00 48,00 51.00 54.00 57.00 60.00 40 00 44.00 48.00 52.00 56.00 60.00 64.00 68.00 72.00 76.00 80.00 50.00 55.00 6000 65,00 70,00 75,00 80,00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 60.00 66.00 72.00 78.00 84.00 90,00 96.00 102.00 108, 00 114, 00 120, 00 70,00 77.00 84.00 91.00 98.00 105.00 112.00 119.00 126.00 133.00 140.00 80.00 88.00 96.00 104.00 112,00 120.00 128, 00 136,00 144.00 152, 00 160. 00 90,00 99.00 108, 00 117.00 126.00 135, 00 144.00 153.00 162.00 171.00 180.00 100.00 110, 00 120, 00 130, 00 140,00 150.00 160, 00 170, 00 180.00 190.00 200, 00 1 0.00 121. 00 132.00 143.00 154.00 165.00 176,00 187.00 198, 00 209, 00 220.00 120.00 132. 00 144. 00 156.00 168.00 180, 00 192.00 204.00 216, 0028,00 240, 00 *Six working days in the week. 1 year VI. 13.00 |