Normal Temperature and Rainfall TABLE SHOWING THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE FOR JANUARY AND JULY, AND THE NORMAL ASSUAL, PRECIPITATION AT WEATHER BUREAU STATIONS IN EACH OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES, ALSO THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURES EVER REPORTED FROM EACH OF SAID STATIONS, TO DECEMBER 31, 1906. (Prepared in the office of the Chief of the Weather Bureaul, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for THE WORLD ALMANAC for 1908.) TEMPERATURE Rain and Melted Snow (inches). 1-12 Mean Annual Precipitation, Lowest. July. Highest. ON Rain and Melted Snow (inches). January. Le west. Cal........... Erie .... Birmingham 4582 96 2149.5 Kalispell. Ala... Mobile 50/80 102 Mont Miles City. 48181 107 North Platte. 27 65 93 Omaha... 50 90 1191 Valentine 65 91 118 22 3.1 Nevada... Winnemucca 35 si 107 (Charlotte.... -12 19.9 X. C ........ Hatteras 4582 115 Wilmington Bismarck 45 82 115 Williston. Concord.. SAtlantic City. N. J. Cape May 29 72 105 Roswell 16 8 5 N. Mex... Santa Fe Albany Binghamton. D. C... Washington 33 77 101 15 13.5 X. Y. {Burtalo New York City. Oswego Cincinnati 52151 103 7 56. 2 Ohio.. Columbus Toledo 4278 100 849.4 Okla....... Oklahoma. Portland Oregon... Roseburg 2973 111 -28 12.7 Philadelphia 3579 106 16 41.7 Pittsburgh Illinois ... Chicago ...... 2472 103 23 33.3 R. I Block Island (Springfield 2676 107 24 37.0 is. C Charleston.. Indiana Indianapolis 28176 106 25 41.5 (Huron... (Des Moines 20 76 103 30 32.4 S. Dak... Pierre Yankton (Chattanooga 2478 106 25 27.5 Tenn....... Memphis. Nashville (Abilene | Amarillo. ( New Orleans. 63 81 102 767.4 Texas El Paso.. Galveston. 20 60 93 21 43.3 Maine Palestine.. San Antonio.. 33 77 104 743.0 Utah.. Salt Lake City. Mass Boston 27171 102 13 43.4 Vt | Burlington. Northfield Va. Lynchburg. Norfolk (Seattle Walla Walla. W. Vu..... SElkins. Parkersburg La Crosse Milwaukee. (Cheyenne Mont.......! 20 64 96 -28 16.9 14 73 111-49 13. 2 21 74 107-35 18,9 20 76 106 -32 30.7 1873 106 -38 22.5 29 72 104 -28 8.4 40 79 102 5 49.2 46 79 92 860.8 46 79 103 551.0 7 70 106 -44 17.6 6 69 107 -49 16,1 21 69 95 -23 40.1 32 72 99 - 7 40.8 34 73 96 740.8 39 79 101 -29 15.8 28 69 97-13 14.2 22 72 100 -24 36.4 23 70 96 -26 32.9 25 70 95 -14 37.3 30 74 100 6 44.6 24 70 100-23 36.2 32 78 105 -17 37.3 29 75 104 20 36.9 26 74 102 -16 30.6 35 80 104 -17 31.7 39 66 102 - 245. i 41 66 106 - 634.4 26 72 94 -16 38.6 32 76 103 641.2 31 70 103 -20 36.4 31 681 84 - 4 44.4 49 81104 7 62.1 10 72 108 -43 21.1 14 75 110 -40 16.6 16 75 107 -34 25.4 41 78 101 -10 50.7 40 81 104 - 9 50.3 38 79104-13 48.5 43 82110 6 24.7 34 76 105 -16 22.6 44 80 113 - 5 9.8 63 83 98 8 47.1 46 82 104 6.43.0 51 82 108 4 2€ 29 76 102-20 16.0 19 71 97-25 31.6 15 671 95 -32 33.8 36 77 102 - 6 43.4 40 78 102 2 49.5 39 64 90 12 36.6 27 69 104 -30 18.8 33 74113 -1717.7 29 70 94 -21 42.8 31 76 102 27 40.2 15 73 104 -4331. 2 20 70 100 25 31.4 26 67 100 -38 13.6 Cairo La ....... Mich........ Duluth ...... Mo.. Wis......... 146-108 55 13.7 Wyo......... Lander & WashHelena.... 20 67 103-42 12.8 akie. The ininus (-) sign indicates temperature below zero. 17'68100 -54'13,9 Para........ Alexandria...... 69. O 10 Florence.. 59.2 60.3 30 Algier's 61.3 27 Frankfort. 50,0 58.0 29 Amsterdam.. 49.9 Geneva... 52.7 48.0 Archangle. 33.0 81.0 71 Astrakhan.... 50.1 Glasgow 49.8 51.3 22 Athens ........ 63.0 47.0 53.0 27 Bagdad. 74.0 79.2 Port Said 63.0 73.0 50.2 14 Berlin 48.2 24 Honolulu 75.0 40.3 Bermuda. 72.0 30.0 60.9 62.6 Rio de Janeiro... 77.2 29 Birmingham 48,2 73.3 60.5 31 Bombay 81.3 73 61.4 51.0 23 Bordeaux 67.0 50.8 San Domingo 81.3 108 Brussels. 50.0 29 Lyons. 53.0 59.0 66.0 60.0 24 Buenos Ayres. 62.8 58.2 St. Petersburg.. 39.6 17 Cairo. 72.2 66,0 42.3 20 Calcutta 82.4 76 Manchester 48.8 65.8 49 Canton.......: 71.0 39 Manila 78.4 52,0 Tobolsk... 32.0 58.3 55.0 57.0 52.0 106 Christiania. 41.5 Mexico... 60.9 64.0 Constantinople. 56.5 55. 4 62.0 77.0 180 Delhi 77.0 24 Montreal. 44.6 51.0 19 Dublin. 50.1 29 40.0 56.2 Edinburgh 47. 38 Muuich. 48, 4 In Southwestern Assam. It is the wettest place in the world. In 1861 the rainfall there reached 905 inches. NOTE-The mean annual temperature of the globe is 500 Fahr. The average rainfall is 36 Inches, 43 Greatest altitude in Each State. 'FROM THE RECORDS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. STATE OR Name of Place. Helg't TERRITORY. Feet. TERRITORY. Feet. Alabama Cheawha Mt.(Talladega (0) 2,407 Montana. Granite Penk. 12, 800 Alaska Mt. McKinley... 20,464 Nebraska ......... Hogback Mt. 5,084 Arizonai........... San Francisco Mt... 12,794 Nevada 13,058 Arkansas ......... Magazine Mt.... 2,800 N. Hampshire. Mt. Washington 6, 279 California.... Mt. Whitney 14,501 New Jersey...... High Knob.... 1,799 Colorado Mt. Massive..... 14,424 New Mexico..... Truchas Peak. 13, 276 Connecticut..... Bear Mt....... 2,355 New York Mt. Marcy (Adirondacks). 5,344 Delaware Southwood... 327 North Carolina Mt. Mitchell 6,711 D. of Columbia.. Tenley 400 North Dakota Summit, Billings Co.. 2,830 Florida Mossyhead 274 Ohio 1,373 Georgia Brasstown Bold, or Enota. 4,768 Oklahoma 12,078 Oregon 11, 225 Illinois Wadham.. 1,023 Pennsylvania... Blue knob.. 3, 136 Indiana Carlos City 1,208 Rhode Island... Duriee Hill... 805 Indian Territ'y Sugarloaf Mt..... 2,600 South Carolina. Pinnacle.. 3,413 Iowa .... C'Azenovia 1,670 South Dakota... Harney Peak. 7,216 Kansas.. Kanarado. 3,900 Tennessee.... Clingman Dome 6,619 Kentucky Big Black Mt. (Harlan Co. 4,100 Texas ...... Chisos, Mts.... 7,835 Louisiana Arcadia.... 368 Utah..... 13.422 Maine... Katahdin Mt.... 5, 200 Vermont Mt. Mansfield. 4,364 Maryland Great Backbone Mt.... 3,400 Virginia........ Mt. Rogers (Grayson Co.)... 5,719 Massachusetts.. Mt, Greylock... 3,535 Washington ... Mt. Rainier 14,363 Michigan.... Porcupine Mt. 2,023 West Virginia. Spruce Mt. (Pendleton Co.) 4,860 Minnesota ....... Mesabi Range. 2,400 Wisconsin.. Rib HM, Marathon Co..... 1.940 Mississippi Forrest ........ 593 Wyoming .... 13,720 Missouri Cedar Gap 1.683 The lowest point of dry land in the United States is in Death Valley, Cal., 278 feet below sea level. NOTE.-The above table was prepared for THE WORLD ALMANAC by the Geographic Branch of the United States Geological Survey. It should be stated in connection with this table that it presents oply points whose heights are matters of record, and that in several cases in the high mountain region of the far West and the Pacific Slope it is well known that there are higher points within the State or Territory whose heights are not yet known with accuracy, and consequently cannot be given. This table was revised by the United States Geological Survey to September 1, 1907. "Western end of Beaver County, Oklahoma, reaches 5,000 feet elevation, Weather Flags OF THE WEATHER PUREAU, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. The Weather Bureau furnishes, when practicable, for the benefit of all interests dependent upon weather conditions, the "Forecasts'' which are prepared daily at the central Office in Washington, D), C., and certain designated stations. These forecasts are telegraphed to stations of the Weather Bureau, railway officials. postmasters, and many others, to be communicated to the public by means of flags or steam whsstles. The flags adopted for this purpose are five in number, and of the forms and colors indicated below: No. 1. White Flag. EXPLANATION OF WEATHER FLAGS. No. 4. No. 5. black square in Clear or fair weather. Rain or snow. Local rain or snow. Temperature. Cold wave. When number 4 is placed above number 1, 2, or 3, it indicates warmer; when below, colder, when not displayed, the temperature is expected to remain about stationary. During the late Spring and early Fall the cold-wave flag is also used to indicate anticipated frosts. WHISTLE SIGNALS. A warning blast of from fifteen to twenty seconds duration is sounded to attract attention. After this warning the longer blasts (öf from four to six seconds duration) refer to weather, and shorter blasts (of from one to three seconds duration) refer to temperature; those for weather are sounded first. Blasts. Indicate. Blasts. Indicate. One long.................. Fair weather. One short...... .Lower temperature. Two long... ........... Rain or snow. Two short. Higher temperature. Three long. ........... Local rain or snow. Three short............Cold wave. By repeating each combination a few times, with intervals of ten seconds, liability to error in reading the signals may be avoided. As far as practicable the forecast messages will be telegraphed at the expense of the Weather Bureau; but if this is impracticable, they will be furnished at the regular commercial rates and sent ''collect." In no case will the forecasts be sent to a second address in any place, except at the expense of the applicant. Persons desiring to display the Aags or sound the whistle signals for the benefit of the public should communicate with the Weather Bureau officials in charge of the climatological service of their respective States, the central stations of which are as follows: Alabama. Montgomery. Massachusetts, Boston Oklahoma (for Indian TerriArizona, Phoenix. (for New England). tory, and Oklahoma). Arkansas, Little Rock. Michigan, Grand Rapids. Oregon, Portland. (alifornia, San Francisco. Minnesota, Mimeapolis, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia ('olorado, Denver. Mississippi. Vicksburg. South Carolina, Columbia South Dakota, Huron. Tennessee, Nashville, Texas, Galveston, Utah, Salt Lake. New Jersey, Atlantic City. Virginia, Richmond. loin, Des Moines, New Mexico, Santa Fé. Washington, Seattle. ansas, Topeka. New York, Ithaca. West Virginia, Parkersburg. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wyoming, Cheyenne, Ohio, Columbus. (for Delaware and Maryland). The Ancient and Modern Year. THE Athenlans began the year in June, the Macedonians in September, the Romans first in March and afterward in January, ihe Persians on August 11, the ancient Mexicans on Pebruary 23, the Mohammedans in July: The Chinese year, which begins early in February, is similar to the Mohammedan in having 12 months of 29 and 30 days alternately; but in every nineteen years there are seven years which have 13 months. This is not quite correct, and the Chinese have therefore formed a cycle of 60 years, in which period 22 intercalary months occur. Storm and Hurricane varnings OF THE WEATHER BUREAU, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, STORM WARNINGS, Northeasterly winds. Southeasterly wlads. Northwesterly winds. Southwesterly winds. Red, black centre. Slorm Warnings. -A red flag with a black centre indicates that a storm of marked violence is expected. The pennants displayed with the flags indicate the direction of the wind; red, easterly (from northeast to south); white, westerly (from southwest to north). The pennant above the flag indicates that the wind is expected to blow from the northerly quadrants; below, from the southerly quadrants, By night a red light iudicates easterly winds, and a white light above a red light westerly winds. Hurricane Warnings -Two red flags with black centres, displayed one above the other, indicate the expected approach of a tropical hurricane, and also one of those extremely severe and dangerous storms which occasionally move across the lakes and Northern Atlantic Coast. Velocity of winds in the United States. AVERAGE hourly velocity of the wind at selected stations of the United States Weather Bureau, also the highest velocity ever reported for a peri of five minutes. (Prepared by W.L. Moore, Chief of the Weather Bureau, and revised to December 31, 1906, for THE WORLD ALMANAC.) STATIONS. Average STATIONS, Average STATIONS. Ever | Reported Hourly Reported. Mi. Mi. Mi. Mi. Abilene, Texas 11 66 El Paso, Texas.......... 78 Philadelphia, Pa.. 10 75 Albany, N. Y 70 Fort Smith, Ark. 64 Pittsburgh, Pa 6 Alpena, Mich 72 Galveston, Texas 10 84 Portland, Me.. 5 Atlanta, Ga. 56 Havre, Mont.... 76 Red Bluff, Cal.... 7 Bismarek, N. D. 74 Helena, Mont.. 60 Rochester, N. Y....... 11 Boisé, Idaho 55 Huron, S. D... 10 69 St. Louis, Mo.... 11 Baston, Mass, 72 Jacksonville, Fla... 70 St. Paul, Min. 102 Buffalo, NY keokuk, Iowa. 60 St. Vincent, Minn. t... Charlotte, NC. Knoxville, Tenn. 84 Salt Lake City, Utah 6 Chattanooga, Tenn... 60 66 San Diego, Cal... 58 San Francisco, Cal... Cincinnati, Ohio. 59 Lynchburg, Va. 50 Santa Fé, N, M. Cleveland, Ohio. 73 Memphis, Tenn. 75 Savannah, Ga... Custer, Mont.t... 72 Montgomery, Ala... 54 Spokane, Wash. Denver, Col. Nashville, Tenn. 75 Toledo, Obio Detroit, Mich New Orleans, La... 60 Vicksburg, Miss....... Dodge City, kan. New York City, N.Y. 80 Washington, D. C..... Dubuque, Iowa. North Platte, Neb. 96 Wilmingtou, N. C...... Duluth, Minn... Omaha, Neb.. 64 Eastport, Me Palestine, Texas, 60 *Aueiponeter blew away,at a velocityoi 81 miles per hour, September, 1900. tStations discontinued, STANDARD TABLE SHOWING VELOCITY AND FORCE OF WINDS. Force in Miles Feet Feet Force in lbs. per DESCRIPTION. per per per DESCRIPTION. per per per Hour. Minute. Second. Square Foot. Perceptible....... 1 88 1. 47 .005 30 2.610 44.0 4. 428 2 Just perceptible. 176 2.93 35 3.080 51.3 6. 027 264 .041 40 3,20 58.6 7.872 352 Very high wind...... 5.87 .079 Gentle breeze 45 3, 960 66. O 9. 063 440 7.33 .123 Storm. 50 4,400 73. 3 12.300 10 880 14.67 Pleasant breeze..... .492 60 5,280 88.0 Great storm........ 17.712 15 1,320 22.0 1.107 70 6,160 102.7 21. 108 20 1,760 29.3 Brisk wind... 1.908 80 Hurricane 7, 040 117.3 31. 188 25 | 2,200 36.6 3. 075 100 8,800 146.6 49. 200 From 1890 to 1898 the property loss by tornadoes in the United States was $26,633,750 (See THE WORLD ALMANAC for 1902, page 61). The number of persons killed by toruadoes 1889 to 1898 inclusive was 1,437. Velocity. Highest Ever Reported. J00AOWora. Hourly 安全Sa88会会ag:SSS: Ibs. per .020. High wind. Loss by Lightning in the United States. THE Weather Bureau of the United States Department of Agriculture in October, 1900, issued a bulletin giving these facts: In 1899 the totul number of strokes of lightning which caused damage was 6.527; number of buildings injured, 6,256; value of property lost, $3,018,520; number of deaths by lightning during the year, 563; number of persons injured, 820; number of liye stock killed in the felds, 4,251; value, $129,955, These are the latest available statistics. The Chronicle Fire Tables record 3,012 fires cansed by lightning in the United States in 1902, the property loss occasioned thereby being 83,396,810. These are the latest reported statistics on the subject. Opening and Closing of Navigation May 26: Dec. 234 921 214 May 235 May 303 923 925 Mar. ON THE HUDSON RIVER AND THE ERIE CANAL, AND OPENING OF LAKE ERIE NAVIGATION. NAVIGATION OF THE ERIE CANAL, Opening of Lake Navigable Erie. Days. Jan. 5, 1825. Dec. 219 938 Feb. 25, 1826. Dec. 13, 1826. 243 Mar. 20, 1827.. Nov. 95, 1827. 981 April 29, 1827. Dec. 18. Feb. 8, 1828. April 21, 1897 Dec. 23, 1628. 920 Mar. 27, 1828 Dec. 90 269 Apri 1, 1828 April 1, 1899. Jan. 14, 18:30 286 230 May Mar. 15, 1830 10, 1879 Dec. 25, 1830. 983 April 30, 1830. Dec. 17. Mar. 13, 1831 5, 1230 Dec. 6, 1831 April 16, 1831. 1. 230 Mar. 25, 1839. Dee'. 91, 1532 May 8, 1831 289 April 25, 1832. Dec. 21 241 Mar. 21, 1833 Dec. 18, 1833 April 27, 18:32 977 April 19, 1833. Dec. 12 Feb. 99, 1834. April 23, 1833 Dec. 15, 1834. 291 April 17, 1834. Dec. 12 240 6, 1834 Mar. 25, 1835 April 268 230 April 4, 1936. May 3, 1835 Dec. 7, 1836, 944 April 25, 1836. Nov. 26 916 Mar. 97, 1837. April 27, 1836 Dec. 14, 1837 261 April 20, 1837. Dec. Mar. 19, 1638. May 10, 1837 Xov. 95, 1.38 257 April 11, 1839 Nov. 25 998 Mar. 25, 1839. March 31, 1838 Nov, 18, 1839. 286 April 20, 1839. Dec. 16. 941 Feb. 25, le 10. Nov. April 11, 1839 5, 1610 285 April 20, 1840. Dec. 9 228 Mar. 24, 1-41. Nov. 19, 1541 April 27, 1840 256 April 24, 1841 Nov. 30. Feb. 4, 1842. April 14, 1641 808 992 March 7, 1849 April 13, 1843. Dei. 10, 1943 Nov. 30. May 6, 1843 Dec. 17, 1844 278 April 18, 1814. Nov. 96. 222 March 14, 1844 Feb. 24, 1N45. Dec. 3, 18-15 928 Mar. 18, 1846. April 3, 1845 275 234 April 7, 1647. April 11, 1816 263 214 April 23, 1847 923 Mar. 19, 1849. April 9, 1848 286 219 March 25, 1519 Mar. 10, 1850. Dec. 17, 1650. 234 March 95, 1850 Feb. 25, 1851 Dec. 14, 1551. 993 April 9. 1851 Mar. 8, 1852. Dec. 23, 1832. 270 239 April 20, 1959 274 April 20, 1853. Dec. 20 245 Mar. 17, 1851. April 14, 1653 266 217 Mar. 27, 1855. April 29, 1854 968 224 April 11, 1856. April 21, 1855 2-18 214 Fel. 97, 1857. May 2, 1856 Dec. 21, 1857. May 6, 1857 Dec. 15 Mar. 20, 1858. April 97, 1857 De 17, 1859. 473 April 28, 1858. Dec. 8 Mar. 13, 1859 April 15, 1858 Dec. 10, 1859 273 April 15, 1-39 Dec. 12. 249 Mar. April 7, 1259 6, 1860 Dec. 14, 1860... 283 April 25, 1860. 232 April 17, 1560 991 1, 1861 Dec. 10. April 4, 1862. April 13, 1861 Dec. 19, 1862.. 259 1, 1862 Dec. 10 April 3, 1863. April 15, 189 252 April 3, 1863 April 30, 1564 Dec. 8 Mar. 99, 1865 April 13, 1564 970 Dee. 19. April 26, 1865 Dec. 12 Mar. 16, 1867. April 28, 1966 Dec. 20 April 21, 1867 Dec. 7 April 1869 April 19, 1868 Dec. 9, 1869 248 May 6, 1859 Dec, 10. Mnr. 31, 1870. May 1, 1869 Dec, 17, 1870. 261 May 10, 1870. Dec. 8 Mar. 12, 1871. April 16, 1870 Xov. 29, 1871. 963 April 21, 1971. 1 April 1, 1871 April 1, 1872, Des. 9, 1879. May 6, 1879 April 16, 1673. Nov. 22, 1873 5 Mar. 19, 1874. April 29, 1973 069 May April 18, 1874 April 13, 1575 Nov. 29, 1875 May 12, 1675 April 1, 1876. 2, 1676 Dec, 1 May 277 May Dec. 7 April 17, 1677 982 7. March 24, 1978 April 4, 18:9 Dec. 20, 1879. Dec. 6 April 24, 1879 Sov. 95, ISO. 265 April 16, 1890 Nov. 91 (by ice).. Mnb 19, 1-80 Mar, 21, 1881 Jan. My 1. 1891 Mar. 8,15-2. Dec. 4, 142 2:2 March 26, 1889 Mar, 99, 1883. Dec. 15. 1883. De. 1. May 4, 1883 Dec. 19, TA, 269 May 6, 1884. Dec. 1 April 7, 1895 April 28, 1814 The. 13, 185). 450 May 11, 18.1. Der. 1. Mnr. 30. 1886. May , 1885 Det. 8, 1887 48 May 1, 1886. Dec. 1. April, 1887. Ap il 26, 1886 256 April 17, 1887 April 8, 1888. D. c. 14, 1-89, Dec. 3 207 Mar. 19, 189 April 10, 1988 211 April 10, 1889 Open all Winter. Tec. 3, S40 March 31, 1890 Mar. 92, 1891. 24, 1891.. Dec. 5. April 18, 1891 266 219 April 1, 1993 April 14, 1899 950 May 912 April 15, 1893 282 1, 18:14 Nov. 30 214 April 2, 1895. April 28, 1894 c. 9, 1993, 259 May 3, 1893 Dec. 5 216 Auril 4, 1.95 April 17, 1996 Dec. 10, 1995 1. 196. 1. 214 April 19, 1897. April 19, 1996 Der. 7, 1997, 993 May 8, 1897 Dec. 1. 20$ MAY 14, 1998 April 6, 1-97 Dic. 12, 19 274 My 7, 1898 Dec. 10 March 25, 1.98 Mar 99, 1.99 Dec, 2, 1299 De. 919 April 27, 1899 246 April 25, 1900 Dec. 990 Mar. 28, 1901. April 29, 1900 249 207 ur. 17, 1902. April 20, 1901 Dec. 8, 1907. 266 April 24, 1902) 924 Mar. 14, 1903. April 9, 1902 Nov. 28 910 6, 1903 April 4, 1904 April 205 April 3, 1905 May 10, 1904 Dec. 15, 19:5. 257 Мяу 4, 1965. Nov. 28. 909 Mar. , 1906 Dec. April 29, 1905 5, 1906, 260 May 2, 1906 Nov. 25.. 211 Mar. 18, 1907. April 15, 1906 1907 May 1, 1907 April * At Duffalo. The record in the above table to kept by the tale Superiutendeat of Public Works May May Dec. Dec. 924 Dec. Dec. 6, 1907 |
