Elder, Honorable Samuel J.-Continued.

Question 7-Continued.

Statutes cited: Imperial: Order in council, 1830, B. C. Ap., 570-1, com-
mercial privileges extended to U. S. by British colonies, 1579-80. United
States: May 29, 1830, B. C. Ap., 786, reciprocal commercial privileges,
1579, 1580, Mar. 3, 1887, B. C. Ap., 792, President empowered to close
ports if commercial nonintercourse continued. 1582.

"Touch and trade," 1818 treaty has no application to right to, Manning's
report to House of Representatives, 1577-8.

Trade from fishing vessel, or fish from trading vessel, LAMMASCH, 1587-8.
Trade, tribunal should not seek sources of American right to, LAMMASCH,
1584.

Trading and fishing, no mention of impropriety of both, Grey to Reid, Feb.
2, 1906, U. S. C. Ap., 974–5, 1590.

Trading and fishing permitted by United States register, 1588.

Trading by inhabitants who are fishing, 1582-3.

Trading privileges may be exercised by fishing vessels if authorized by
United States, FITZPATRICK, 1585–6.

Trading rights, general, fishing vessels claim under, right to buy bait and
supplies, GRAY, 1586-7.

Trading vessels, United States inhabitants entitled to fish from, DRAGO, 1587.
Treaties cited: 1818, does not destroy commercial privileges, 1583-4; does
not give commercial privileges, House of Representatives committee
report, 1887, 1578; does not involve commercial privileges, 1577; does not
involve commercial rights, Evarts in Senate, Jan. 24, 1887, 1578; has no
application to right to "touch and trade," Manning's report to House of
Representatives, 1577-8.

West, Bayard to, May 10, 1886, U. S. C. Ap., 764, extension of reciprocal
commercial rights, 1581.

Ewart, John S., K. C.

Question 1, pp. 1367-1443. (July 18, 19, 1910.)

Adams' diary, Nov. 29, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 103, "right" to ocean fishery
and "liberty" to coast fishery, 1377-8.

Adams drafted plan 1783 treaty using "liberty," 1376.

Adams' Memoirs, Dec. 14, 1814, B. C. C. Ap., 147, treaty right a continua-
tion of previous rights, 1432.

Adams to Castlereagh, Jan. 22, 1816, B. C. Ap., 74, partition theory, 1433.
Adams to Gallatin and Rush, July 28, 1818, B. C. Ap., 85, partition theory,
1433.

Adams to Monroe, Sept. 19, 1815, B. C. Ap., 65, partition theory, 1432.
Adams to Rush, Apr. 5, 1815, U. S. C. C. Ap., 618, British and American
rights equal, 1431.

Adams to Russell, May 3, 1822, B. C. C. Ap., 156, treaty right a continuance
of previous rights, 1433.

Adams to Thomas, Aug. 10, 1822, U. S. C. Ap., 318: Americans discovered
fisheries, New England defended them, 1375, 1379; partition theory,
1431; "right" and "liberty," 1376.

Adams, C. F.: B. C. C. Ap., 105, "right" to ocean fishery and "liberty" to
coast fishery, 1378.

Advantages of British fishermen, geographical and by treaty, 1422.

Alaska Packers Association. United States v., 79 Fed. Rep., 152: “in com-
mon," 1397-8; power of regulation, 1398.

Ewart, John S., K. C.-Continued.

Question 1-Continued.

American commissioners, report of, Dec. 25, 1814, B. C. C. Ap., 150, partition theory, 1432.

American, Franco-, controversy, 1404-5.

Articles of confederation gave Congress limited authority, 1385.

Bait, regulations, imperial statute, 1824, B. C. Ap., 567, GRAY, 1401-2.
Ballast, regulations, imperial statute, 1824, B. C. Ap., 567, GRAY, 1401-2.
Bathurst to Hamilton, June 21, 1819, B. C. Ap., 99, regulations on Labrador
coast, 1401.

Boutwell circulars, reason for clause regarding obedience to local regula-
tions, 1407-9.

British condition in 1782, not helpless, 1374.

Canadian regulations, FITZPATRICK, 1407.

Canals, right to regulate, 1413.

Castlereagh, Adams to, Jan. 22, 1816, B. C. Ap., 74, partition theory, 1433.
Coastal waters defined, 1396.

Colonial charters: Fishing liberties, 1369-71. 1691, Massachusetts charter,
right of free fishery reserved to British subjects, 1369-70. 1620, Virginia
charter, right of King to give fishery monopoly disputed, Sabine's report,
U. S. C. Ap., 1166-70, 1369.

Colonial charters, laws regulating fisheries under, B. C. Ap., 770-76, 1370–1.
Colonial fishing rights covered in 1783 treaty by "free fishing," 1372.
Colonial liberties in fishery, 1369-71. See Liberties.

Colonial regulation statutes: Between 1783-1818, 1395-6. 1786, imperial
statute, B. C. Ap., 558, regulations, nets, desertion of fishermen, 1395.
1788, Lower Canada, B. C. Ap., 592, regulations, interference with nets, offal,
1395. 1793, New Brunswick, B. C. Ap., 595, regulations, nets in rivers,
creeks, etc., 1395. 1807, Lower Canada, B. C. Ap., 601, regulations,
ballast, nets, seines in creeks and harbors. 1395-6. 1818, New Bruns-
wick, B. C. Ap., 605, regulations, offal, 1396.

Colonial rights in fishery preserved in 1783 treaty: Livingstone to Washington, Mar. 12, 1783, B. C. C. Ap., 132, 1382. Madison to Randolph, Mar. 12, 1783, B. C. C. Ap., 132, 1383.

Colonies not connected governmentally, 1370.

Confederation, Articles of, gave Congress limited authority, 1385.

Congress, report of committee, 1782, disclaimed right to in-shore fishery, 1372.
Constitutional limitations in United States, 1439.

Construction of treaty, rules, 1368.

Cooley, p. 575, right to regulate, 1440.

DRAGO: United States position re partition theory, 1428-9.

Dunham v. Lamphere, 3 Gray, 268, free fishing to American citizens does not

prohibit State regulation, 1391-4.

Evarts and Root only objected to regulations, 1439.

Evarts-Salisbury correspondence, 1415–20.

Evarts to Welsh, Aug. 1, 1879, B. C. Ap., 277, joint regulations, 1425.

Exclusion law, LAMMASCH, Forsyth to Stevenson, Feb. 20, 1841, B. C. Ap.,

124, 1407.

Exclusive, French rights claimed to be, 1404; are not, 1381-2.

Exclusive, grant to United States in 1783 not, 1381, 1382.

Executive and legislative acts alleged to be violations of treaty, list of requested by tribunal, 1443.

Extraterritoriality, Americans claim, 1367.

Extraterritoriality, "liberty" is not right of, 1382.

Ewart, John S., K. C.-Continued.

Question 1-Continued.

Fishermen, American, not released from British control by treaty of 1783, 1381.

Fisheries conceded to Americans in 1782, reasons for, 1379-80.

Fisheries discovered by Americans, Adams to Thomas, Aug. 10, 1822, U. S.
C. Ap., 318, 1375, 1379.

Fishery rights insisted on by American commissioners, Fitzherbert to Shel-
burne, Dec. 4, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 110, 1378–9.

Fitzherbert to Shelburne, Dec. 4, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 110, American commissioners insist on fishery rights, 1378-9.

FITZPATRICK: Canadian regulations, 1407. Regulation must be authorized by legislation, 1389. Security for fair administration of regulations, 1423. Treaty right subject to preexisting laws, 1418. United States position re partition theory, 1434.

Forsyth to Stevenson, Feb. 20, 1841, B. C. Ap., 124, treaty right subject to local legislation, 1406, exclusion law, LAMMASch, 1407.

Franco-American controversy, 1404-5.

Free fishing did not mean unlimited fishing, 1371. Imperial statute, 1699,
B. C. Ap., 525, 1371-2.

Free fishing, 1783 treaty, means freedom previously enjoyed by colonists,

1372.

Free fishing to American citizens does not prohibit State regulation: Dunham v. Lamphere, 3 Gray, 268, 1391-4. Mass. v. Manchester, 152 Mass. R., 230; 139 U. S., 240, 1394-5.

Frelinghuysen, West to, Oct. 9, 1883, U. S. C. Ap., 751, joint regulations, 1425. Frelinghuysen to West, July 11, 1884, U. S. C. Ap., 753, joint regulations, 1426.

French rights: Claimed to be exclusive, 1404; but are not, 1381-2.

French shore, regulations unnecessary on, 1404.

Gallatin and Rush, Adams to, July 28, 1818, B. C. Ap., 85, partition theory,
1433.

Gardner's letter, B. C. Ap., 502, regulations unreasonable, position of United
States, 1438.

Geographical advantages of British fishermen, 1422.

Governors, Livingstone to the, Feb. 19, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 30, hazardous
position of United States in 1782, 1375.

Grant of liberty to United States did not prevent similar grant to others, 1381.
Granville to Lowell, Oct. 27, 1880, B. C. Ap., 290, joint regulations, 1425.
Granville to Thornton, Apr. 2, 1881, U. S. C. Ap., 733, joint regulations, 1425.
Granville to West, July 15, 1882, U. S. C. Ap., 746, United States freedom
from regulations, joint regulations, 1425.

GRAY: American claim, any regulation is derogation of treaty right, 1386–8.
"On terms of equality" means "in common," 1413-14. Positions of two
Governments re partition theory, 1429. Regulations authorized by legis-
lation after 1818, 1406-7. Regulations, 1824, imperial statute, B. C. Ap., 567,
nets and harbors, bait, ballast, 1401-2. Treaty right subject to preexisting
laws, 1418.

Great Britain, statutes of. See Statutes cited, Imperial.

Great Britain's failure to regulate does not indicate inability, 1401.

Green, Livingstone to, Jan. 31, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 30, hazardous position of
United States in 1782, 1374.

Grey's memorandum, B. C. Ap., 495, partition theory, 1436-7.

Ewart, John S., K. C.-Continued.

Question 1-Continued.

Halifax commission: 3-mile limit follows sinuosities of coast, Proceedings I: 169,1414-15. Trescott at: American right unlimited, B. C. Ap., 266, 1368-9; rights within 3-mile limit not invasion of territorial jurisdiction, B. C. C. Ap., 187, 1411.

Hamilton, Bathurst to, June 21, 1819, B. C. Ap., 99, regulations on Labrador coast, 1401.

Harbors, regulations, imperial statute, 1824, B. C. Ap., 567, GRAY, 1401-2. Hoppin, Salibury to, Apr. 3, 1880, B. C. Ap., 278, American fishermen to be regulated, GRAY, 1416-18.

Imperial or local regulations, existence of, 1404.

Imperial statute, 1699, free fishing not unlimited, 1371-2.

"In common": Defined, 1397. Means "on terms of equality," GRAY, 1413–14. United States v. Alaska Packers Association, 79 Fed. Rep., 152, 1397–8. Inhabitants of certain locality, treaty right limited to, 1427.

In-shore fishery, congressional committee report, 1782, disclaimed right to,
1372.

International and interstate relations, distinction, LAMMASCH, 1394–5.
Interpretation of treaties: 1871 and 1818 must be similarly construed, 1410.
Rules, 1368.

Interstate and international relations, distinction, Lammasch, 1394–5.
Joint regulations: Attempt to make failed, 1424. Difficulty of securing
American consent in 1783, Root to Reid, June 30, 1906, B. C. Ap., 500, 1384.
Evarts to Welsh, Aug. 1, 1879, B. C. Ap., 277, 1425. Frelinghuysen to
West, July 11, 1884, U. S. C. Ap., 753, 1426. Granville to Lowell, Oct. 27,
1880, B. C. Ap., 290, 1425. Granville to Thornton, Apr. 2, 1881, U. S. C.
Ap., 733, 1425. Impossibility of United States consent in 1783, 1383. Two
attempts at, on nontreaty shore, 1424-5, 1426. Vain attempt at, on treaty
shore, 1424-5. West to Frelinghuysen, Oct. 9, 1883, U. S. C. Ap., 751, 1425.
Jurisdiction, territorial, not invaded by rights within 3-mile limit, Trescott
at Halifax commission, B. C. C. Ap., 187, 1411.

Labrador coast, regulations on, Bathurst to Hamilton, June 21, 1819, B. C.
Ap., 99, 1401.

Labrador, regulations in, LAMMASCH, 1407.

LAMMASCH: British may make regulations not destructive of treaty right, 1389. Difference between interstate and international relations, 1394–5. Exclusion law, Forsyth to Stevenson, Feb. 20, 1841, B. C. Ap., 124, 1407. Regulations in Labrador, 1407. Right to regulate subject to remonstrance, 1419. Special Agreement, 1909, article 4, provision for agreement to regulations, 1389-90. Imperial statute, 1775, B. C. Ap., 545, Sunday fishing, 1403. United States position re partition theory, 1429.

Lamphere, Dunham v., 3 Gray, 268, free fishing to American citizens does not prohibit State regulation, 1391-4.

Laws regulating fisheries under colonial charters, B. C. Ap., 770–776, 1370–71.
Legislative and executive acts alleged to be violations of treaty, list of, re-
quested by tribunal, 1443.

Legislation, treaty cannot be modified by, Welsh to Salisbury, Nov. 7, 1878,
B. C. Ap., 271, 1415-16.

Legislation, treaty right subject to local: Forsyth to Stevenson, Feb. 20, 1841,
B. C. Ap., 124, 1406. Stevenson to Palmerston, Mar. 27, 1841, B. C. Ap.,
126, 1406. Vail's report, 1839, B. C. Ap., 118, 1405–6.

Ewart, John S., K. C.-Continued.

Question 1-Continued.

Liberties, colonial, in fishery: 1369–71. 1620, Virginia charter, right of King
to give fishery monopoly disputed, Sabine's report, U. S. C. Ap., 1166-70,
1369. 1691, Massachusetts charter, right of free fishery reserved to British
subjects, 1369-70. 1699, Imperial statute, free fishing not unlimited,
1371-2. Colonial charters enumerated, fishing liberties, 1370-71. Colo-
nial charters, laws regulating fisheries under, B. C. Ap., 770–76, 1370–1.
Colonial fishing rights covered in 1783 treaty by "free fishing," 1372. Free
fishing in 1783 treaty, means freedom previously enjoyed by colonists, 1372,
did not mean unlimited fishing, 1371. Liberty to fish not license, 1371.
Liberties in fisheries after 1783: 1390-95.

Dunham v. Lamphere, 3 Gray, 268,

free fishing to American citizens does not prohibit State regulation, 1391-4.
International and interstate relations, distinction, LAMMASCH, 1394–5.
Manchester, Mass. v., 152 Mass. R. 230, 139 U. S., 240, free fishing to Ameri-
can citizens does not prohibit State regulation, 1394–5.

Ownership and regulation of fisheries rested in States after 1783, 1391.
"Liberty:" And "right," Adams to Thomas, Aug. 10, 1822, U. S. C. Ap., 318,
1376. Defined, 1381-2. Does not mean license, 1371, 1381. Granted
United States in 1783 not exclusive, 1381, 1382. Is not right of extraterri-
toriality, 1382. To coast fishery, Adams' diary, Nov. 29, 1782, B. C. C. Ap.,
103, 1377-8. To coast fishery, C. F. Adams, B. C. C. Ap., 105, 1378.
Used in Adams' draft 1783 treaty, 1376.

License, liberty to fish is not, 1371, 1381.

Livingstone to the governors, Feb. 19, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 30, hazardous
position of United States in 1782, 1375.

Livingstone to Green, Jan. 31, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 30, hazardous position of
United States in 1782, 1374.

Livingstone to Washington, Mar. 12, 1783, B. C. C. Ap., 132, right to fishery
is same as before Revolution, 1382.

Local or Imperial regulations, existence of, 1404.

Lowell, Granville to, Oct. 27, 1880, B. C. Ap., 290, joint regulations, 1425.
Lower Canada, statutes of. See Statutes cited.

Madison to Randolph, Mar. 12, 1783, B. C. C. Ap., 132, fishery rights same as
before Revolution, 1383.

Maine, statute 1883, B. C. C. Ap., 196, regulation under 1871 treaty, 1420.
Maine, statutes of. See Statutes cited.

Manchester, Mass., v., 152 Mass. R. 230, 139 U. S., 240, free fishing to American
citizens does not prohibit State regulation, 1394–5.

Massachusetts charter, 1691, right of free fishery reserved to British subjects,
1369-70.

Mass. v. Manchester, 152 Mass. R. 230, 139 U. S., 240, free fishing to American
citizens does not prohibit State regulation, 1394–5.

Monroe, Adams to, Sept. 19, 1815, B. C. Ap., 65, partition theory, 1432.
Municipal legislation. See Local legislation.

Negotiations, 1782: 1376–79. Adams' diary, Nov. 29, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 103,
"right" to ocean fishery and “liberty" to coast fishery, 1377-8. Adams,
C. F., B. C. C. Ap., 105, "right" to ocean fishery and "liberty" to coast
fishery, 1378. Commissioners did not propose abdication of British sov-
ereignty, 1380. Fishery rights insisted on by American commissioners,
Fitzherbert to Shelburne, Dec. 4, 1782, B. C. C. Ap., 110, 1378–9.
Negotiations, 1818, 1396-7.

New Brunswick, statutes of. See Statutes cited.