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to operation under this constitution. North Carolina and Rhode Island withheld their approval for a time. In June, 1790, however, both these states had ratified it, and it became the constitution of general government for the thirteen states. This constitution is contained in the next chapter.

Questions on Chapter III with Explanations.

Between whom were the Articles of Confederation an agreement? To whom did the state governments confide some of their powers? Whom did the delegates in congress represent? In what manner were the votes in congress taken? What number of delegates were the states allowed to have? How many votes had each state? On what principle was it that the smaller states had as many votes as the larger? To what did the powers confided to congress relate? How many houses did the members of congress constitute? Who presided over the deliberations of congress ? What was he styled? How many votes were requisite for the decision of the more important questions? How many for the decision of the less important? In what

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manner were disputes between the states settled on appeal to congress? How was the money necessary for the expenses of the government to be raised? What force had the determinations of congress? Ans. The states agreed to abide by them on all questions which by the Articles of Confederation were submitted to congress. What evidence is there that the congress which framed the Articles of Confederation considered them as forming a union far from perfect? Mention some instances of Confederacies which congress had for examples. What was the great defect of these Confederacies? Was there any provision for executing the decrees of congress in case the states should not obey them? How did the Articles of Confederation prove, as a system of government, in their operation? Ans. The states began to disregard them almost as soon as ratified. What had the effect of giving them a kind of efficiency for a time? Ans. The danger apprehended from the hand of a common enemy. Relate some of the evils which afflicted the country while the government was administered under these Articles.

Where was the first attempt towards relieving the country from these evils, made? In what year? What proposition was made by

72 FORMATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.

the legislature of Virginia? At whose suggestion? When and where did this convention meet? What did this convention do?. How did congress treat their suggestion? What states acceded to the proposal of Congress? When and where did the convention of delegates appointed by the states meet? How long did the convention remain in session? When did it rise? What was done by this convention? What induced the members of this convention to make concessions of local interests and to agree upon a new plan of gov ernment with great unanimity? To whom was the plan submitted for ratification or rejection? Why was it regarded by many persons with alarm? What number of states was it necessary should ratify it before it should have any effect? On what states was it then to be binding? How long time was it before it was ratified by nine states? Which was the ninth state which ratified it? What states followed New Hampshire? When did the United States government go into operation under the Constitution? How many years since, was this? What states withheld their approval for some time longer? When did it become the constitution of general government for the thirteen states?

CHAPTER IV.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.

ARTICLE I.

SEC. 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives.

SEC. 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several

states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least

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