sellors are characterised in language still more extravagant. The following passage contains a concise review of the wars in which the nation has been engaged for the past forty years, and more particularly of those of which WILLIAM PITT was the author and supporter.

"A consideration of those severe mental exercises with which the bosom

of our monarch must have been agitated, especially during the latter part of his reign, will render its protraction to so great a length still more extraordinary, in the view of every one who is experimentally acquainted with the injurious effects of deep anxiety and distress. That anxiety and distress have been the associates of our monarch's soul, who can doubt that reviews the events which have been passing on the maddened theatre of the world? Has the uncrowned patriot felt, and felt severely? Did one, the chief of the loyal train, exclaim in his dying moments, Oh my country?" --How excruciating must have been the emotions of one, who, from the elevation of a throne, has surveyed the storm which has raged around him, and the billows which have foamed at its footstool. I touch not on his domestic causes of disquietude: I refer to that torrent of anarchy, which agitated by French influence, first caused the dismemberment of the British empire by the loss of its trans-atlantic colonies; and which after a while, lashed into resistless fury on the continent of Europe, has produced effects which have made every ear that has heard of them to tingle. A war THE MOST JUST AND NECESSARY THAT PERHAPS WAS EVER WAGED! —a war in which a great and mighty nation, nay, in which the whole continent of Europe has been opposed to us,—has for nearly twenty years together (with the exception of one short interval of only a few months continuance) demanded all our national energies, and at times produced alarm respecting our national safety. We are contending pro aris et focis, for all that is justly dear to us as men, us Englishmen, and as Christians! In the midst of this unprecedented contest, a spirit of intestine insubordination arose among us a spirit more threatening to our safety than all the efforts of the world united in arms against us; for a house divided against itself, if the division be sufficiently ex

tensive, must fall. But our God hath cared for us. He hath proved himself to be a wall of fire round about us, and the glory in the midst of us. He hath, amidst all the perplexities and anxieties of our beloved king, preserved him to guide the helm of the state, and we trust that he will yet live to conduct it into the haven of peace.

"I cannot here forbear to notice that signal instance of divine goodness, shewa to our king and to his people, in the production of such a man as was the late Right Honourable William Pitt ;— a man raised up for special service at a time when no common means seemed to promise success in opposing the enemies of God and his church,-the enemies of liberty and order,-the enemies of hu→ man happiness. Surely while this illus trious man is intitled to the grateful recollection of his country, God who raised him up is intitled to our grateful adoration."

We shall not trust ourselves to express the horror we feel on reading a passage, in which truth, and the God of truth, are set so completely at defiance! When we reflect that this country was the aggressor in the last war; that we madly and unnecessarily rushed into that war under the pretence of assisting Holland, which at the very time deprecated our assistance; that we were the first to invade France, and to devastate the country with fire and sword; that after a long, bloody, and obstinate perseverance in the pursuit of objects marked by folly and injustice, we were at length compelled to make peace, by giving up every object the obtaining of which, we had so repeatedly declared to be just and necessary:-when we reflect, that, after a short interval of peace, Britain was again the aggressor, by renewing the war under the false pretence (acknowledged to be false even by the supporters of that war) of the vast armaments of the enemy; and that ministers perfidiously broke the treaty they had so recently ratified;--when we consider the progress of the war, the sacrifices we have made, our present awful state,

and that at this very moment, so far from "contending for every thing "dear to us as men, as Englishmen, "and as christians," no one can say what is the object we are now contending for: When we find the preacher so lost to all sense of decency, as to panegyrise an arbitrary minister, a man who set at defiance the laws both of God and his country, an apostate from every good principle he had professed, a Bachanalian, Sabbath-breaking duellista statesman whose frantic measures involved in ruin almost all the sovereigns of Europe, and hurried his own country to the brink of destruction: -Seriously reflecting on the awful events of the past twenty years, we cannot but express our astonishment and indignation, that a christian minister, professing evangelical principles, should discover such weakness and depravity as to panegyrise a system the most profligate and ruinous that ever disgraced a civilized nation! After panegyrising one of the worst of men, it is perfectly natural that the preacher should proceed to slander one of the best. The following observations relate to one of the most distinguished characters in the pure and early part of the French revolution.

"The retributive justice of God has been wonderfully exemplified and illustrated by the French revolution. It is remarkable, among many other striking circumstances, that the very man who was sent by the government of France to foment the troubles in America, was, subsequently, the traytor who imprisoned his king."

We know not to whom these remarks can apply, except to that virtuous patriot the Marquis de la Fayette, who volunteered his services to assist the Americans, but who, so far from meriting the opprobrious epithet of "traitor," or the charge of imprisoning" his king," preserved his loyalty to the last, and because he would not be instrumental in depriving his sovereign of his liberty,

or constitutional authority, escaped with his life only. But surely, une less the mind and conscience of the preacher had been stupified and defiled, he could not, whilst preaching the sermon before us, have dared to allude to the "retributive justice of God, as wonderfully exemplified and illustrated by the French revolution!" Men ought to be very cautious how they talk of " retributive justice" in the case of individuals, since nothing is more common in this world, than the depression of the righteous, and the exaltation of the wicked. But what a reflection has the preacher here cast on almost every sovereign on the continent! Does he consider "the retributive justice of God, as wonderfully exemplified and illustrated" by the hurling of these sovereigns from their thrones!--After all, we firmly believe in divine "retributive justice" as it respects guilty nations; and history, sacred and profane, proclaims in every page, that such "retributive justice," though sometimes slow, is always sure! And this reflection ought to have restrained our jubilee preachers from flattering the sovereign and the na tion at a crisis so awful. A glance at national enormities long practised, on the coast of Africa, in the West Indies, in the East Indies, in Ire land, and off Copenhagen, and at the oceans of blood with which Europe has been overwhelmed in consequence of the wars promoted and cherished by this country, suggests the utmost reason to fear " some chosen curse, some hidden thunder in the stores of heaven," ready to blast a country so guilty! We may flatter ourselves because we no longer persist in one of the crimes alluded to; but when we reflect how long the nation persevered in it with its eyes open, (owing in part, to the hypocrisy of one of the lukewarm friends to its abolition, WILLIAM PITT) that the blood of thousands and tens of thousands of the mur

dered sons of Africa is crying to heaven for vengeance, and that our other crimes, so far from being repented of, constitute the theme of panegyric from the pulpit, surely every thoughtful man when reminded of "the retributive justice of God,"

must tremble!

Amidst the darkness with which the mind of the preacher is invelop. ed, we discern a glimmering of light breaking in upon it, towards the close of the discourse. In the. midst of his panegyrics on our continental wars he adds as follows:

"It is true that in our charitable efforts to save our continental neighbours from the tyrant's chain, we have failed of success. Our troops though frequently, victorious over far superior numbers," [the preacher does not favour us with the particulars of these victories,] "have gained, it may be feared, no lasting advantages. But what doth this concession prove? It only proves that, if it be the will of God now to fulfil the predictions of prophecy relative to the destruction of the papal empire, by the

awful instrument which he has raised up for the purpose, no human efforts cun frustrate his designs !" ·

This "concession proves," however, much more than the preacher imagines, and overturns much of what he had previously advanced about the "most just and necessary war that was ever waged, in which we are contending for all that is justly dear to us as men, as Englishmen, and as christians." It now. appears that one of the objects of the war thus panegyrised, has been the restoration of "the papal empire," the destruction of which forms the accomplishment of the most important divine predictions; and that Britain, whose armies have been blessed by the pope of Rome; whose ambassador to Spain has publicly declared one of the objects of his mission to be, the restoration of his holiness to his government, has been madly fighting against God, and vainly attempting to frustrate the designs of Omnipotence! Can

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christians be surprised, that he that sitteth in the heavens hath laughed at the projects of Britain !-That the Lord hath held them in derision!

The preacher concludes by flattering the nation on account of va rious religious institutions, and more particularly the Bible and Missionary societies. As to the former it is impossible to speak too highly in its commendation. And with re spect to other societies, may success attend the attempts of christians of all persuasions, to spread the pure, uncorrupted christianity of the new Testament: but we confesswe are not very sanguine respecting the success of Britons in converting the heathen abroad, whilst the gospel is so little understood and practised at home; whilst christian ministers, professing sentiments peculiarly evangelical, eagerly rank themselves amongst court flatterers, and are the warmest advocates of war and

corruption; and whilst the conduct of the British in foreign parts is, in '. general, a disgrace to the christian name. We take leave of our Jubilee preachers by recommending to their most serious attention the excellen reflections of the Rev. WILLIAM LAW, on the subject of WAR, extracted from his address to the clergy, and more particularly the admonition contained in the concluding paragraphs.

"The kingdom of God on the earth is nothing else but a kingdom of love, where all hurt and destroying is doue away, and every work of enmity changed into one united power of reigning love: his kingdom, the earth shall be full of the prophet tells us that in the day of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. Therefore, O Christendom! thy wars are the certain proof, thou art all over-as full of an igno rance of God, as the waters cover the sea!

"The kingdom of God, neither wants, nor allows of war. . . . . ... It is my com→ plaint against and charge upon ALL christian nations, that the necessity of war, pleaded by many, is the grand evil, that prevails in all and every part of

30

fallen christendom, and that therefore ALL and EVERY PART, as well protestant, as popish, are at one, and the same distance from the spirit of their Lord and Saviour the lamb of God, and there

fore ALL WANT ONE AND THE SAME ENTIRE REFORMATION"!·

Although we have seen several other Jubilee sermons, preached both by ministers of the establishment, and by protestant dissenters, as they are much in the fashionable strain, it is not our intention to notice them. If any of our readers should have met with any which may be pronounced exceptions, we shall be happy to pay them proper respect.

The Protestant Dissenters' Almanack for the year of our Lord 1810, designed for the use of Dissenters and religious persons of every sect and denomination. MOTTO-One is your Master even Christ, and all ye are brethren. 2s. 6d. We have never yet seen an Almanack, which answering the purposes of those in general circulation, con

tains such a variety of useful information, and more particularly to the religious world as that before us. The calendar, instead of being stuffed with the names of popish saints, is a chronological table of important events, and of the births and deaths of the most eminent men in different ages. Besides a variety of serviceable tables, not usually found in Almanacks, we have-A concise, and an impartial history of the dis senters-A view of the most important public acts and statutes relative to that body-An abstract of the toleration act, and, what we hope will excite the particular notice of the friends to the rights of conscience, Abstracts of the Statutes STILL IN FORCE against the Dissenters. But our limits prevent us from giving more than a small part of the contents of a work, that must have costthe author much labour, and which we hope the public will duly estimate. mate. We with pleasure perceive that a second edition is already published.

Sir-I have the honour to acquaint you, that on the 21st instant, the Duke del Parque moved forward with his army from Tamames to Carrascal del Obispo, and having pushed on a column towards Matilla and Jejo, (as if with an intention of approaching Salamanca, by Muniguela,) proceeded to his left by a rapid lateral movement towards Ledesma, where he crossed the Tormes on the 23d.

On the 24th we arrived at Amanara, and on the morning of yesterday (the 25th) reached the heights which command Salamanca to the Northward,

where the patriots had the mortification to learn that the enemy, having had intimation of our approach, evacuated the town the preceding night, retreating precipitately to Toro, taking with him a quantity of church plate, and other articles of plunder.

The entrance of our army into this town yesterday, presented a most grati fying spectacle. The different brigades, successively forming in the spacious and beautiful square, proclaimed with loud and reiterated vivas, their beloved Fernando, whilst the bands of the different corps played several popular and pa-, triotic airs; nor did the zeal of the patriots suffer then to omit the tribute of their gratitude to their sincere and firm ally; and God save King George and ernando, were alternately repeated do ring the entire of the day!

Amidst the universal joy which pervaded our ranks, a small portion of regret was discernable, occasioned by the escape of the enemy, which the soldiers had already considered as their captives. The advance of our column by Matilla, induced the enemy to suppose that we should have approached Salamanca by Muniguela, and consequently draw their attention to that quarter, which presented them many favourable positions, and from whence the passage of the Tormes is difficult.

So judicious, rapid, and masked was our march by Dedesma, that the enemy was totally ignorant of our real point of attack, until our arrival at Almanara, a village about three leagues from hence. It is a well ascertained fact, that the first intimation Gen. Marchand had of our approach from Ledesma, reached him at six o'clock on the evening of the 24th; at eight o'clock his orders for retreat were issued with the utmost secrecy to the commanders of brigades; at ten o'clock the infantry, and at twelve the cavalry, commenced their march; and so great was their apprehension of pursuit, that they did not halt until they reached Toro. The enemy's loss in killed and prisonérs, at the battle of Tamames, exceeds twelve hundred; and, from every information we can collect, from the best authorities here, their wounded amounts to 2,000, of which number a great proportion are officers; one general, one colonel, several subaltern officers, and 75 privates, died of their wounds on the night of their retreat from Tamames.

Illuminations will take place here this night, and to-morrow a solemn Te Deum will be celebrated in thanksgiving for this signal victory gained at Tamames over the enemies of liberty and religion! The victory of Tamames, and our entrance to Salamanca, will no doubt prove highly beneficial to our cause. This army, (which will daily increase in numbers,) now feels a degree of confidence in its powers hitherto unknown to it. I have the honour to be, &c. W. P. CARROL.

Admiralty-Office, Nov. 29. The Hon. Lieut. W. Waldegrave, of the the Ville de Paris, arrived here this morning with dispatches from ViceAdm. Lord Collingwood, Commander in Chief of his Majesty's ships and vessels in the Mediterranean, addressed to the Hon. W. W. Pole, of which the following are copies :~

While on this station, on the night of the 22d inst. the Pomone joined, and Captain Barrie (who with indefatigable perseverance had, with the Alceste, watched the port of Toulon) informed me that, the day before, several of the enemy's squadron had put to sea, that' others were coming out when he left them, and that there was every appearance of the whole fleet being on the move from the harbour. They had a numerous convoy with them, and as this movement was made with the first of an easterly wind, there was little doubt of their being bound to the westward. I immediately made the necessary signals for the squadron to be prepared for their reception, and placed the three frigates and sloop (Pomone, Hydra, Volontaire, and Minstrel) to windward, to give notice of the enemy's approach.

On the following morning (the 23d) soon after eight o'clock, the Volontaire made the signal for a fleet to the eastward: while they continued to come down before the wind, no alteration was made in the squadron, except by advancing two fast-sailing ships, the Tigre and Bulwark. At ten the Pomone made the signal that the enemy had hauled to the wind, and the convoy separating from the ships of war (which were now discovered to consist of three ships of the line only, two frigates, two smaller frigates, or store-ships, and a convoy of about 20 sail of vessels) I ordered RearAdmiral Martin to chase them, and eight of the best sailing ships, which standing on contrary tacks, might take advantage of the changes of the wind, which was then variable.

At two P. M. the Pomone having got far to windward was directed by signal to destroy such of the convoy as could be come up with; and in the evening she burnt two brigs, two bombards, and a ketch. The enemy before dark was out of sight, and the ships chasing not much advanced, were standing to the northward, while the squadron with me stretched to the southward. morning neither the French nor our own chasing ships were in sight.

The next

This morning, Rear-Admiral Martin joined with his division, as named in the