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REMARKS ON THE SONNETS.

THE brevity of the Sonnet will scarcely admit the greater traits of poetry: there is no space for fable; but for the preservation of a single grand thought it is admirably fitted. Mr. Dyce, in his "Specimens of English Sonnets, from the time of Henry VIII., chronologically arranged," has shown their progress and their fashions. They were favourites with Spenser and Shakspeare, and many less eminent poets of those days; as, Sydney, Constable, B. Barnes, Daniel, and Drayton. It appears to me that the Sonnets both of Spenser and Shakspeare have been commended too much they are quaint, laboured, and often metaphysical. Of all authors, Wordsworth has most succeeded in this department.

But there are many of Milton's which are very grand in their nakedness: they have little of picturesque imagery. To make use once more of an expression of Johnson-not as applied to them, but to other parts of Milton-their sublimity is argumentative: it is intellectual and spiritual. There is something at times of ruggedness and involution in the words: they rarely flow. They are spoken as by one, who, conscious of the force of the thought, scorns ornament; they have something of the brevity and the dictatorial tone of the oracle, and seem to come from one who feels conscious that he is entitled to authority. Compositions so short can only have weight when they come from established names: every word ought to be pregnant with mind, with thought, sentiment, or imagery. The form will not allow diffuseness and smooth diluted periods: the repetition of the rhymes certainly aggravates the difficulty.

If it can be shown that in any one of these Sonnets of Milton there is not much sterling ore, I will give it up. In all there is some important thought, or opinion, or sentiment developed. The modulation may sometimes appear rough to delicate and sickly ears; and there is not the nice polish of a lady's gem come from a refining jeweller's workshop: it is all massy gold,-not fillagreed away into petty ornaments.

The Sonnet on Cromwell is majestic;-on his blindness, sublime;-on his twenty-second birthday, both pathetic and exalted: others are moral and axiomatic; and others descriptive.

The necessity of compression gives this form of composition a great merit, when the fountain of the writer's mind is abundant. It is true, that in this short space, barrenness itself can find enough to fill up the outline but in Milton there is no unmeaning sentence or useless word.

If there was one poetical power of Milton more eminent than another, it was his power of description: he gave an idealism to all his material images; and yet they were in the highest degree distinct and picturesque. He knew where to throw a veil, and when to make the features prominent. The question at present is, not whether the Sonnets are equal to Milton's genius, but whether they are good, or as contemptible as Johnson represents them. I say that they are such as none but Milton could have written they are full of lofty thought, moral instruction, and virtuous sentiment, expressed in language as strong as it is plain. They are pictures of a manly, resolute, inflexible spirit, and aid us in our knowledge of the poet's individual character; and if any one can read them without both pleasurable excitation and improvement, he has a sort of mind which it would be vain to attempt to cultivate-a barren soil, or one overgrown with weeds and prejudices. SIR EGERTON BRYDGES.

SONNETS..

I.

TO THE NIGHTINGALE.

O NIGHTINGALE, that on yon bloomy spray
Warblest at eve, when all the woods are still;
Thou with fresh hope the lover's heart dost fill,
While the jolly Hours lead on propitious May.
Thy liquid notes that close the eye of day,
First heard before the shallow cuckoo's bill,
Portend success in love. O, if Jove's will
Have link'd that amorous power to thy soft lay,
Now timely sing, ere the rude bird of hate

Fortel my hopeless doom in some grove nigh;
As thou from year to year hast sung too late
For my relief, yet hadst no reason why:

Whether the Muse or Love call thee his mate,
Both them I serve, and of their train am I.

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II.

ON HIS BEING ARRIVED TO THE AGE OF
TWENTY-THREE.

How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth,
Stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year!
My hasting days fly on with full career,
But my late spring no bud or blossom shew'th.
Perhaps my semblance might deceive the truth,
That I to manhood am arrived so near;

And inward ripeness doth much less appear,
That some more timely-happy spirits endu'th.
Yet be it less or more, or soon or slow,

It shall be still in strictest measure even
To that same lot, however mean or high,

Toward which Time leads me, and the will of Heaven;
All is, if I have grace to use it so,
As ever in my great Task Master's-eye.

SONNET 1.-4. Lead on propitious May, because the nightingale is supposed to begin singing in April.

6. First heard, &c., that is, if first heard, &c.

SONNET II.-This Sonnet is preeminent ly interesting as an early development of

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his own innate character, vowed to great undertakings, and grieved that his vir tues and sublime ambition had yet advanced no step in its own accomplishment. Here the language is simple, chaste, and smooth, and the numbers are not unmelodious.-BRYDGES.

III.

WHEN THE ASSAULT WAS INTENDED TO THE

CITY.

CAPTAIN, or Colonel, or Knight in arms,

Whose chance on these defenceless doors may seize,

If deed of honour did thee ever please,

Guard them, and him within protect from harms.
He can requite thee; for he knows the charms
That call fame on such gentle acts as these,

And he can spread thy name o'er lands and seas,
Whatever clime the sun's bright circle warms.
Lift not thy spear against the Muses' bower:
The great Emathian conquerour bid spare
The house of Pindarus, when temple and tower
Went to the ground: and the repeated air
Of sad Electra's poet had the power

To save the Athenian walls from ruin bare.

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IV.

TO A VIRTUOUS YOUNG LADY.

LADY, that in the prime of earliest youth
Wisely hast shunn'd the broad way and the green,
And with those few art eminently seen,
That labour up the hill of heavenly truth;
The better part with Mary and with Ruth
Chosen thou hast; and they that overween,
And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen,
No anger find in thee, but pity and ruth.
Thy care is fix'd, and zealously attends

To fill thy odorous lamp with deeds of light,
And hope that reaps not shame. Therefore be sure,
Thou, when the bridegroom with his feastful friends
Passes to bliss at the mid hour of night,
Hast gain'd thy entrance, Virgin wise and pure.

SONNET III.-Ths Sonnet shows that the poet had now conceived that firm opinion of his own genius and worth which never afterwards deserted him. It was written in 1642, when the king's army had arrived at Brentford, and had thrown the whole city into consternation.

11. Pindarus. Every reader of ancient history knows that when Alexander of Macedonia assaulted and destroyed Thebes, he ordered the house of Pindar to stand untouched and entire, though thousands of Thebans were put to death and thousands more sold into slavery. As a poet, Milton had as good a right to expect protection as Pindar.

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13. Sad Electra's poet. Plutarch relates that when the Lacedemonian general took Athens, it was proposed in a council of war to rase the city entirely, and convert its site into a desert. But during the debate a certain Phocian sung some fine lines from the "Electra" of Euripides, which so affected the hearers that they declared it an unworthy act to reduce a place, so celebrated for the produc tion of illustrious men, to total ruin. By the epithet sad, Milton denominates the pathetic character of Euripides. Re peated signifies recited.-T. WARTON.

V.

TO THE LADY MARGARET LEY.

DAUGHTER to that good earl, once President
Of England's council and her treasury,
Who lived in both, unstain'd with gold or fee,
And left them both, more in himself content,
Till the sad breaking of that Parliament
Broke him, as that dishonest victory
At Chæronea, fatal to liberty,

Kill'd with report that old man eloquent.
Though later born than to have known the days
Wherein your father flourish'd, yet by you,
Madam, methinks I see him living yet;
So well your words his noble virtues praise,
That all both judge you to relate them true,
And to possess them, honour'd Margaret.

VI.

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ON THE DETRACTION WHICH FOLLOWED UPON
MY WRITING CERTAIN TREATISES.

A BOOK was writ of late call'd "Tetrachordon,"
And woven close, both matter, form, and style;
The subject new: it walk'd the town awhile,
Numbering good intellects; now seldom pored on.
Cries the stall-reader, Bless us! what a word on
A title-page is this! and some in file

Stand spelling false, while one might walk to Mile-
End Green. Why is it harder, sirs, than Gordon,
Colkitto, or Macdonnel, or Galasp?

Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek,
That would have made Quintilian stare and gasp.
Thy age, like ours, O Soul of Sir John Cheek,
Hated not learning worse than toad or asp,

When thou taugh'st Cambridge, and king Edward, Greek.

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SONNET V.-1. Daughter, &c. She was ton's books published in consequence of the daughter of Sir James Ley, whose his divorce from his first wife. The word singular learning and abilities raised him signifies, Expositions of the Four chief through all the great posts of the law, places in Scripture which mention mar till he came to be made Earl of Marl-riages or nullities in marriage. borough and Lord High Treasurer. The Lady Margaret was married to Captain Hobson of the Isle of Wight.-NEWTON.

8. Kill'd with report, &c. When the news of the victory gained by Philip of Macedon over the Athenians, at Charo nea. (338 B. C.) reached Athens, the orator Isocrates, then in a very advanced age, was so affected by it, that he immediately expired.

SONNET VI.-Milton wrote this Sonnet in sport.-Todd.

1 Tetrachordon. This was one of Mil

9. Colkitto, &c. These are Scottish names of an ill sound. Colkeitto and Macdonnel are one and the same person, a brave officer on the royal side who served under Montrose. The Macdonnels of that family are styled Mac Colleittok, that is, descendants of lame Colin. Galasp is a Scottish writer against the Independents.-T. WARTON.

12. Sir John Cheek, or Cheke, was the first professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge, and was afterwards one of the tutors of Edward VI. See his biography,

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