Bihar, conquered by the Mussulmans, 44, 45.
Bijapur and Golkonda, 332, 509. Bilál Deva, Raja of Karnata, 83, note. Bir Bar, the Brahman, his influence with Akber, 173, note.
Bokhara, described, 14; conquered by the Arabs, 14, note. Bombay, harbour, 495; weakness under the Portuguese, ib. ; change under the English, 495, 496; unhealthiness, 496; Fryer's journey to Joonere, 504; Nie- buhr's account, 518; its climate, ib. ; island and city, 519; population, ib. Brahmanism, and Islam, 1-3, 17, 80, 81, note, 196, 197.
Brahmanní sultans, the, 84; domain, 88, 89, note.
Brahmans, the, coerced by the Mussul- mans, 75; martyrdom of one, 75, note; their theism, 412, 413; reform by San- kara Acharya, 558; laxity, 565; re- formation and reorganisation, 566; respect for purity of caste, ib.; four castes, 567.
British, government in India, 4; appear in India, 189. Buddhism, 412, 413.
Buláki, grandson of Jehangir, 239; short
reign, 248; scared from the throne, 249; fate, 249, note.
Burhan, Sultan of Ahmadnagar, 183. Calicut, description of, 463.
Cannanore, the Raj of, 514.
Caravans of oxen, 470, 473.
Caravanserais in India, 270, note. Carriage, land, 470.
Caste quarrels, 484, note.
Catrou, Father, his History, xiii, xiv, 143, note.
Champat and Shah Jehan, 257, 258. Chánd Bíbí, her story, 183, note, 186. Charuns, their sacred character, 475; al- leged understanding with the Grati- ates, 476.
Chenghiz Khan, his career, 50; his life, 50, note; an example, 62, note; a world-stormer, his style, 122; and his descendants, ib.
Chín Kulich Khan, 396; viceroy of the Dekhan, 406. (See Nizam.) Chitor, defeat of Rana of, 130, 131; re- fuses to pay homage to Akber, 144. Choka Nátha Naik, war with Tanjore, and defeat, 581; recovers himself by a strange device, 581, 582; enters Tan- jore and burns the palace, 582, note; regains Madura, 582; marriage, ib. Choultries, 573, note. Chowries, the, 571, note.
Christianity in Agra, effect, 4, 5; and Muhammad, 7, note; patronised by Akber, 162; effect, 163; favoured by Jehangir, 195; bar in India against, 196. Christians, toleration of, by Aurangzeb, 373, note.
Chronicles, Hindu, 571, note.
Chronicles of the Pathan kings, Mr. Tho- mas's, 49, note.
Chukwars, the Raja of, his obstinate bravery, 532; his son, 533; their capi- tal destroyed, ib.
Chunar, the fortress of. 132. Civility, Indian, 419, 424. Coaches in India, 467, 468.
Controversy, religious, fondness of the sovereigns of India for, 157, note. Conversion, marriage difficulties in, 196. Copper, substitution of, counters for gold, 72.
Coryat, Thomas, traveller, 208, note. Cows, protected as sacred, 429. Cuttack, revolution in, 542. Dancing-girls suppressed, 325; at Ikkeri, 449, 450; visit Portuguese ambassador at Ikkeri, 455.
Dara, Shah, the infidel, 278, 279; the crown prince, 280; pride and insolence, ib.; insults Rajah Jai Singh, 281; his influence, 284, 285; his alarm, 290; defends his father, Shah Jehan, 291; curses Amir Jumla, 292; proclaimed Padishah, 292; leaves Agra with an army, 293; outwitted, 294; befooled, 295; loses the battle of Chambal, 296 takes refuge in Ahmadabad, 305; captured, 311; last days, 312; a Chris- tian, 312, 313.
Dáúd Khan, the Afghan, 399; his defeat and death, 400.
Debtors and sureties, 423.
Dekhan, the, revolts in, 81-83; inde- pendence of, 84; kingdom of, extent, 88; geography, 181, 331; political dis- tribution, 332.
Delhi, the empire of, founded, 44; its extent, 45; revolt in, 59; Hindu revolt in, 68, note, 69; saviour of, 70; change of capital to Deoghur, 72; dis- memberment of empire of, 73; history of, 76, note; New, 273; New described, 274; its great square, ib.; palace, 275; threatened by Hindu fanatics, 366; massacre at, 402; English mis- sion to, 403; alarms at, ib.; Mahratta night, 404; butcheries of Nadir Shah, 408; anarchy in, 409.
Della Valle. (See Valle.) Deoghur, capital of Mahratta country, 52; plundered by Alá-ud-dín, 53, 54; becomes the capital, 71.
Deva Rai, of Vijayanagar, assassination of his son, and rout, 98; alliance with Sultans of Guzerat and Malwa, 99, 100; peace with Fírúz, 101; invades the Dekhan, ib.; perplexity, summons a council, 103; advice of the Brah- mans and the Kshatriyas, 103, 104; enlists Mussulmans, 104; submits to destiny, 104.
Devas in the Shah Nameh, 552, 553. Dewal Deví, the Rajput princess of
Guzerat, her adventures, 56, 57; mar- riage, 57; subject of a poem, 57, note; married to Mubárak, 66. Dewan, office of, 524.
Dhúr-samundar, city, 63, 561.
Diler Khan, commands in the Dekhan, 358, 359.
Durbar, the, 177; cruel scene, 222; in Delhi, 275.
Dutch, the, in India, 424; mostly married men, 425; their wives, ib. Dynasties, Hindu, histories of, 411; mythical accounts, ib.
Education of Moghul princes, 329. Ellenborough, Lord, memory of, 381,
Elephants, stone, in Delhi, 276. Empires, the three Hindu, in the Dek- han, 439.
English, seek a settlement at Surat,
197; prophecy respecting, 199; ag- gressions, 204, 205; frighten the Moghuls, 233; in great favour, 234; at Surat, 267; rights acknowledged in Madras, 389; at Delhi, 403; their tactics, 409; riotous conduct of the lower orders, 419, note; grudge at Portuguese, 424; danger at Masuli- patam, 487.
Epics, the Sanscrit, 551.
Eunuchs, their influence, 484, 485, note. European, respected in India, 199, note; and Hindu, 233, note; settle- ments outside the Moghul empire, 348, 349; privileged traders and pirates, 349; pirates on the high seas, ib.; in a transition state, 369; tra- vellers in India, 416, 417; in Bom- bay, 519.
"Faith, the Divine," 172. Fakhr-u-Nisá, daughter of Aurangzeb,
informs against her aunt's lovers, 343; her influence and ambition, 344; pleads with her father for the life of Shah Jehan, 346.
Fakirs, the Muhammadan, a pest, 497; vagabond lives, 498.
Fancy fairs at the Moghul court, 262. Farrukh Siyar, proclaimed emperor, 396; fights and enters Delhi, 397; chafes under the control of the two Sayyids, ib.; despatches one against Jodhpur, ib.; marries a Marwar princess, 399; deposed, 405.
Fathers, Christian, at the court of Ak- ber, 162, note.
Fathpúr abandoned, 165.
Feathers, heron's, among Turks and Moghuls, 224, note. Female rule in India, 262.
Firdusi, 39; contracts to write his poem, 551; refuses his reward in silver money, 552; character of his poem, ib. Fírúz Shah, peaceful reign, 74; forces the Brahmans to pay jezya, 74, 75,
note; burns a Bráhman at the stake, 75, note; death, 76.
Fírúz Shah, Sultan of the Dekhan,lover of wit and pleasure, 97; evening assem- blies, ib.; war against Vijayanagar, 98; succeeds by assassination, ib. ; conquers Narsing Rai, 99; propitiates Tímúr, ib.; marriage, 100; secret enmity with Deva Rai, 101; story of the damsel of Mudkul, 101, note; troubles with the Hindus, 101; dies in sorrow and de- spair, ib.
Foot-posts, institution of, 470. Foreigners and Dekhanís, 87, 105, 182. Fort St. George, 489; description of, 491; mixed population, 492.
Fortresses, frontier, 92, note.
Foujdar, the, at Surat, 478; duties of, ib.
French, capture St. Thomé and war with Sultan of Golkonda, 482; repulse the Dutch, 488.
Friars, Indian, 450, 454.
Fryer, Dr. John, his travels, 480-511; lands with English fleet at Masulipa- tam, 481; at Madras, 491; at Bom- bay, 495; at Surat, 496; at Joonere, 501; visit to Goa, 505; leaves India, 511.
Galal, Della Valle's servant, 431, 456. Gakkars, the, assassinate Muhammad Ghuri, 43.
Gardens, Oriental, 520.
Garsopa, the Queen of Pepper, 443. Garuda, the bird, 571, note. Gauri worship, 450. Ghats, journey over, 444. Ghazní founded, 21.
Ghiás-ud-din Tughlak, the saviour of Delhi, 68-70; blinded and dethroned, 97.
Ghusal-khana, the, 177; evening assem- blies in, 198.
Goa, Moghul mission to, 384; conduct of the Portuguese viceroy, 385; Mahratta scheme against, ib.; attacked, and saved by the Christian monks and missionaries, 386; a Moghul squadron repulsed, ib.; voyage to, 424; settle- ment described, 431, 432; inhabitants, 433; procession at, 434; courier from Madrid, 435; celebration of canonisa- tion, 435-437; feast of St. John the Baptist, 436; Passion feast, 437; pro- cessions and priests, 437, 438; its weak- ness, 438; Christianity at, ib.; Dr. Fryer at, 505; Inquisition at, ib. ; and the Portuguese, ib.; the clergy, 506; the Kanarese, ib.; ladies, ib.; man- chet, wax, arrack, and punch, 509; old city, 507; more priests than soldiers, 508.
Gokurn, Fryer's pilgrimage to, 508; annals and library, 509; Brahmans at, ib.
Golkonda, ambassador and Shah Jehan,
258, note; designs of Amir Jumla and Aurangzeb, 283, 284; flight of the Sultan, 284; double game of Shah Alam, 387; taken by Aurangzeb through deception, 388, 389; wars of the French against, 482; the Sultan of, 484; his expenses, 485; toleration of Sultans, 488; policy of the Sultan to- wards Europeans, 494.
Gour, the kingdom of, its extent, 45, 46. Granth, the sacred book of the Sikhs, 393.
Gratiates, the, 475, note; their Raja, 476.
Guru Govind, his death, 401.
Guzerat, cannibalism at, 474; its in- habitants, 513; its ports protected by Rajputs, 513.
Haji Ahmad, chief minister of Shuja Khan, 529; ambition, 531; imprisoned and released, 534; fate, 548. Hamilton, Captain Alexander, travels, 511-521; defeats the brigands of Sinde and is rewarded, 512; skirmish with pirates, 513; his views on Moghul rule, 521.
Hanuman, the monkey-god, his temple,
offerings, and pilgrimages, 444, 445. Harems, Moghul, description of, 260. Harún al Rashíd, history, 18, note. Hasan Gangu, founder of the Bahmani empire in the Dekhan, origin and char- acter, 84, note; a Shiah, 87; ingrati- tude, 88, note.
Hawkins, Capt., xii; comes out in the "Hector," 198; goes to the Moghul court, ib.; failure of his embassy, 199; his account of Jehangir, 199, 201, note. Hayasala Belál Rai, Raja of the Karnata country, 561; supports Brahmans and Jains, 561.
Herbert, Sir Thomas, xii.
Hindu, sovereigns, 91; fanatics headed by a woman, 366; destruction of idols and pagodas by Aurangzeb, 373; dynasties, 411, note; last empire, 415; purity, 442; worship, 453-494; women, arithmetic, local art, 486. Hindus, the, and Islamism, 2, 4; their characteristics, 28, 29; conciliate their conquerors, 40; their fitful character, 34, note; revolt in Delhi, 69; in- fluences on their Mussulman rulers, 79; power of abuse, 90, note; relations with the English, 515. Hindustan, conquered by the Mussul- mans, 49.
Horses in India, 461. Hospitals for animals, 429.
Humayun, son of Báber, his character
and proclivities, 131; flattered and gulled, 132; defeat and exile, 132, 133; recovery of kingdom and accidental death, 135.
Humayun, the cruel, 105, 106.
Husain Ali Khan, the Sayyid, supports
Farrukh Siyar, 397; expedition against Jodhpur, 397; makes peace and re- turns, 398; discovers treachery, ib.; becomes Viceroy of the Dekhan, ib.; defeats Dáúd Khan, 400; march against Delhi, 404; stabbed to death, 405.
Husain, the martyrdom of, 85, note. Hyacinth, Father, an apostate, 373,
Ibrahim Lodi, the Afghan Sultan, meets Báber, and is slain, 129, 130. Ibrahim, the Sunní, 111, 112; at Vija- yanagar, 114.
Ikkeri, the capital of Kanara, 448-455. Imáms, the twelve, 152, note; Akber declared the twelfth, 161.
India, Mussulman, its history, ix, x, 4; four epochs, 24-27; dynasties, 25, note; a blank in the history, 40; two kingdoms, 45; the government of, 76, 77; temptations to rebellion, 77, 78; dismemberment, 141.
India, its conquerors fair-complexioned, 147, note; religion in 16th century, 153, 154; under Shah Jehan, 256, note; in Moghul times, 514. Inheritance, law of, in Malabar, 450, 451. Inquisition at Goa, 505.
Islam, and Brahmanism, 1-3, 17; its specialties, 8; decay of. in India, 140, 141, 152; millennium, 151, 153. Ismail Adil Shah, 109; intrigues at his court, ib.; assassination of his mini- ster, 110; his mother, ib.
Jagat Seit, the banker, 530; affront to his bride, 536.
Jaghír lands, 178, 316. Jaghírdars, tyranny, 316.
Jai Chand, Raja of Kanouj, his defeat and death, 41, 42, note.
Jai Singh, Raja of Jaipur, at Delhi, 339; his caution, 339, 340; negotiates with Sivaji, 354; death, 374.
Jains, their moral system, 412, 413; Buddhism at bottom, 412; early con- flicts with the Bráhmans, 554; in the Dekhan, 558; prevalence of, 562; fidelity to their religion, ib. ; persecu- tion, 563, note.
Jaipál, Raja of Jaipur, treachery and defeat, 22, 23; defeat by Mahmud, 32 perishes in the flames, ib. Jamál-ud-dín, viceroy of Bihár, his civilities to Sir Thomas Roe, 215, 216,
Jangamas, Lingayat friars, 450; ordina- tion of one, 453; procession and danc- ing, 454; kissing their feet, ib. Jaswant Singh, Raja of Jodhpur, his de- feat on the Ujain river, 291, 292; his movement to release Shah Jehan, 308; plunders Agra, 309; suspected, 335, 336; his apology, 337; related to Shah Jehan, 342, note; his widow, 378; plots with Akbar, 378.
Jehander Shah, his vices, 395; odium in which he was held, 396; his cowardice, ib.; taken and executed, 397. Jehangir, son of Akber, a contrast to his father, 191; character, 192; revolt against his father, 192, note; outward life, 193; his coarseness and that of his court, 193, note; revolt of his eldest son, Khuzru, its suppression, 194, 195; cruelty, 194, note; countenances Chris- tianity, 195; his hypocrisy and de- pravity, ib.; workings of the English element, 197; took a fancy to Haw- kins, 198; Hawkins dismissed and English trade forbidden, 199; Haw- kins' account of him, 199, note, 200; expensiveness, 200; at Ajmir, 200, 201; Hawkins' description of him, 201, note; marries Núr Mahal, 202; her influence, 203; his sons, ib.; audience to Sir Thomas Roe, 208, 209, note; his childish conduct, 210; holds the feast of the New Year, 211; de- clines a treaty with the English, 213; love of gossip, 214; execution of thieves, 215; birthday weighing cere- mony, 217; elephant show, ib.; car- ouse and largess at the Ghusal-khana, 217, 218; viceroy disgraced, 218; in- trigues, 219; weakness and treachery, 220; receives presents from Persia, 221; avenges the execution of an order when he was drunk, 222; at the Jhar- okha window, ib. ; in the Durbar, 223; state departure, ib. ; royal dress, 224; procession to camp, ib.; Khuzru rides by his side, 226; imperial pavilions and camp, 226, 227; camp life, 228; camp movements, 229; meanness, 230; the English presents, 230, 231; his confessions, 235; reign ends in tragedy, 237, 239; sickness and recovery, 239; plot discovered and indignation, 241; the plotter forgiven, 242; Rajpút re- volt, 243-246; death, 247. Jelál-ud-dín, Sultan, at Delhi, 51; assassinated, 55.
Jesuits in Goa, 434; celebration of the canonisation of their patron saints, 436, 437.
Jews and Christians pay jezya, 10. Jezya, revived, 373, 374; Hindu ap- peal against it in vain, 374; refused by Rana of Udaipur, 375. Jharokha, the, 177.
Joonere, the fortress of, 370; Nawab, 501. Justice, civil and criminal, 477. Kábul, Moghul invasion, 362; outbreak in, 366.
Kai Kubád, reign of, 48. Kaiumárs, 552.
Kajwa, battle of, its significance, 308. Kálidása, his fame and fate, 560. Kallans, the, or Kalars, 575, note. Kámrúp, the bridge at, its ruins, 47, note; the Raja of, 47.
Karwar, Mahratta oppression at, 504. Kashmir, Purchas' description of, 184, note.
Kasim, the Arab, his conquest in Scinde,
16, 17; falsely accused and slain, 17. Kasim Khan corresponds with Aurang- zeb, 291; treachery, 292; governor of Kábul, massacres the Afghans, 368; reception at Delhi, 369.
Kázis, their business, 422; the chief, 315, note.
Khaibar Pass, massacre of Moghul army at, 363.
Khalifs, the four, of Medina, 9, note, 10; conquest of Syria and Persia, 10; treatment of Jews and Christians, ib., 11; causes of ascendancy, 12; of Da- mascus, conquest of Central Asia, 13; conquest of Bokhara and Kábul, 14, 15; conquest of Scinde, 16; persecu- tion and toleration, 16, 17; of Bag- dad, the first century of their domina- tion, 18; collapse, 19.
Khalil Khan, wronged by Shah Jehan, 293; perfidy, 295, 296; recommended by Aurangzeb, 297.
Khálisa lands, 178, 316.
Khálsa, the, 394.
Khan Jehan, intrigues, 253; treachery and rebellion, 254; slain, 255. Khan Khanán, the, and the dress, 219; treachery, 238, 242, 244.
Khilji Sultans, the, their history, 50-69. Khurram, afterwards Shah Jehan, his character, connections, and exploits, 203; hustles away Roe's interpreter at the court, 213; set against an English treaty, 214; receives a com- mand in the Dekhan, ib.; sobriety, 218; Núr Mahal and Asof Khan plot in his behalf, 219; panic in the harem, 220; dispositions, hatred of Christians, 221; takes leave of his father, 222; Roe's interview with, 228; intercepts the English presents, 230; his triumphs in the Dekhan, 231; welcomed by Jehangir and receives the title of Shah, ib. (See Shah Jehan.) Khutba, the, 43, note, 55. Khuzru, son of Jehangir, his revolt, 194;
hopes, 203; intrigues against, 219, 220; appearance, 225; mystery and romance, 232, 237; murder, 239. Khuzru Khan, the Hindu Vizier, 67, note; doings and death, 68, note; strange character of his revolt, 68. Koh-i-nor, its history, 351, note. Kolies (or Coolies), wandering, 474, note. Konkan, its history, 333, 335; extension of the kingdom of Sivaji, 369. Konkana, the Rajas of, 105.
Kótwals, the, their duties as police, 271, 422, 477, 478.
Krishna Deva Rai, of Vijayanagar, a type of Hindu sovereignty, 91; revenges
an affront, 92; has to yield, 94; great- ness, 95, 96; forefathers, 96; his char- acter and reign, 567, 568.
Kulbarga, 89; Sultan of, 96. Kumára Krishnappa Naik, fabulous and real account of, 574, 575, notes. Kutb-ud-dín, his rise, 42; founds the Delhi dynasty of Slave Kings, 43; death, 47.
Lahore, Hindu Rajas of,'184. Land-tenure among Moghuls, 178. Langhorn, Sir William, his troubles in
Madras, 490; his jurisdiction and state attendance, 492.
Language, the primitive, Akber's ex- periment, 174, note.
Legends, Hindu, a reflex of religious antagonisms, 414.
Lingavants, the, 442, note.
Loyola, Ignatius, canonisation of, cele- brated at Goa, 436.
Lucia, Donna, 424; her matrimonial adventures, 425.
Madras, its site, 488; originally a fishing village, 489; its fishermen, ib.; English factory, ib. ; its divisions, ib.; rent and revenue, ib., 450; dur- ing the civil war of Charles I., 490; its governor and his dilemma, ib. the surf, 491; White-town, 492; Black-town, 493; native population, ib.; country round, ib.
Madura, 63; early history, disturbances
in. 569, note; army and finances, 578.
Maha Bhárata, its heroes, 556, note. Mahabat Khan, the Rajpút, 238, note; defeats Shah Jehan, 243; appeal, in- sult, revenge, 245; deluded, 246; joins Shah Jehan, 247.
Mahabat Khan, the Moghul, removed from his post, 328; his letter, 328, note; at Peshawar, 363; sent back and dies, 367.
Mahal, the harem of the Moghuls,its occu- pants, 260; guard of Tartar women, ib.; the ladies, 260, 261; dancing and slave girls, 261; ruling powers, their influence, ib.; Shah Jehan in, 266,
Mahdi, the Lord of the period, expected at the millennium, 152, 153. Mahmud, the last of the Bahmani Sultans, 106, 107, note. Mahmud of Ghazní, his position and plans, 30, note, 31; advances on Pesha- war and defeats Jaipál, 31, 32; An- andpál submits and rebels, 32; hated for his religious zeal, 33; victory at Peshawar, ib.; destroys the temple of Thanesar and annexes the Punjab, 34; his invasions of Hindustan, ib.; stra- tegy, 34, note; sacks Ajmir, 36; before Somnath, ib.; defeats the Rajputs and seizes the temple and its treasures,
37; returns to Guzerat, 38, note; Raj- pút revenge, ib.; character and poli- tical ideas, 39; meanness to Firdusi, 38; death, 40.
Mahmúd, son of Aurangzeb, refuses the crown, 300; disgraced, 310; defection, ib.; imprisoned at Gwalior, ib. Mahrattas, their country, 52; rise of, 332; described, 371; irrepressible, 383; plots, 384; night at Delhi, 404; the pests of India, 406; at first a loose con- federation, 407; new outbreak, 409; at Surat, 499; movements towards Burdwan, 544; can only be bought off, 544, 545; invest Murshedabad, 545; devastations, ib.; treacherous mas- sacre of, 546; Parthian retreat, 547; twofold invasion of Bengal, ib. Malabar coast, its population, 463; pirates, 495; expedition against, 584. Malik Amber, the famous Abyssinian minister of Ahmadnagar, 204, 231. Malik Káfur, origin, 56; defeats the Rajas, 62; doings in the Dekhan, 63; ambition, crimes, and death, 65, 66. Malik Salih, the tutor of Aurangzeb, his pension withdrawn, 329.
Mallu, the monster, 111. Malwa, situation, 53, note; plundered, 139.
Manaris, the, 471; the four tribes of oxen-drivers, 471, 472; religion, 472. Mandelslo, John Albert de, xii; his tra- vels, 267; his character, 267, note; at Surat, 267; journey to Ahmada- bad, 268; visits Areb Khan, 269; at Agra, ib.; describes the administra- tion, 271; leaves India, 273; after travels, 273, note.
Mangamal, a typical Hindu queen, 583, note; amour and death, 584. Manouchi, his memoirs, xii, xiii; ac- count of Tímúr, 127, note; on the peasant wars, 236; warns the Portu- guese viceroy against Aurangzeb, 385; rewarded, 386.
Mán Singh, the Rajpút, his administra- tion in Kábul and Bengal, 166, 167. Marriage of Rajpút with Mussulman, 143, 144; Akber's state alliances, 144, note; religious difficulties in India, 196, 197; of a Bráhman's daughter with a goldsmith's son, 566. Marsden's "Numismata Orientalia," 49, note.
Masulipatam, factory at, 481; native boatmen, ib.; English-speaking na- tives, 482; the Sultan, ib. ; descrip- tion, 483; inhabitants, ib.; Muham- madan ascendancy, 484; Persians, 485; festival occasions, 485, 486; Muham- madans and Hindus, 486; calico- painting, ib.; terror at the English, 487; toleration, 488. Mathura, encampment at, 301; temple at, 373.
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