τῆς ὥρας, τὴν πορείαν ποιοῖντο· τὴν γὰρ ὑπερβολὴν τῶν ὀρέων ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ προκαταληφθείη· καὶ παρήγγειλαν ἐπειδὴ δειπνήσειαν συνεσκευασμένους πάντας ἀναπαύεσθαι, καὶ ἕπεσθαι ἡνίκ ̓ ἄν τις παραγγείλη.

αν

NOTES.

CHAPTER I.

§1. Recapitulation of preceding narrative.

μÉXPL Tĥs μáxns] The battle of Cunaxa, for which see note on IV. I. 1. There is a slight difficulty in regard to the connection and interpretation of the words ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς. White joins them closely with éyévero, 'took place during the truce', and punctuates the passage accordingly; but, standing where they do in the sentence, it is better, I think, to explain them as referring to άmóvтwv no less than to ἐγένετο.

§§ 2, 3. Despondency of the Greeks upon a review of their position.

§ 2. συνειλημμένοι...ἀπολώλεσαν] Compare συνελαμβάνοντο and κατεKÓTηoav, which are the words used in II. 5. 32, where an account of the occurrence is given. Clearchus, Proxenus, Menon, Agias and Socrates were the generals who fell. The scene of the treachery is placed by Layard in the plain of Shumanuk, on the south side of the Zab, near its confluence with the Tigris.

ev πon dǹ ảπopíą] 'in very great perplexity'. For this strengthening force of δή, see note on καὶ πολλοὶ δέ (IV. Ι. 13).

ἐνθυμούμενοι] ἐννοούμενοι al., a reading which may have arisen from the occurrence of the participle later on in § 3.

ἐπὶ ταῖς βασιλέως θύραις] Cf. II. 4. 4. κύκλῳ δὲ αὐτοῖς ἦσαν, 'they had enemies all around them'. For the ethic dative aurois, which is independent of the construction, see note on vμîv (IV. 6. 16).

ἐν μέσῳ τῆς οἴκαδε ὁδοῦ] intervening in their homeward route. This explanation is adopted by Sturz and White, and is preferable to making the genitive odoû depend on dieîpyor, which is the other alternative. Taken thus by itself dieîpyov will mean little more than 'lay in their way', 'parted them from the district beyond'.

ὥστ ̓ εὔδηλον ἢν] For the force of ὥστε with the indicative and infinitive, see note on IV. 7. 17.

§ 3. Els Thy Eσrépav] for that evening'. For the phrase π Tà ola, to their quarters in the camp', see note on the words év Th duaλ (IV. 2. 16). It is the place where the arms had been stacked preparatory to forming the encampment.

ὅπου ἐτύγχανεν] for ὅπου ἐτύγχανεν ὤν, this omission of the participle with Tuyxávew being now a recognised idiom in Prose no less than in Verse. Cf. Anab. V. 4. 34, and Soph. Aj. 9. ĕvdov yàp ȧvìр äρтi TUYXável. Outw diakeίuevo, with these feelings', 'in this state of mind'. §§ 4-8. The earlier history of Xenophon, and the advice he received from Socrates relative to the present expedition.

§ 4. "Hv dé Tis] There was one called Xenophon in the army'. For this use of Tis in a disparaging or depreciating sense compare in particular Soph. Ed. Τyr. 107. τοὺς αὐτοέντας χειρὶ τιμωρεῖν τινάς (where the plural Twás is a certain emendation for Tά, which is still retained by Dindorf), 'to visit with punishment his murderers-certain persons unknown'.

μETETTÉμато] Observe the force of the middle, 'had sent for him'. Notice also the substitution of the future woσew in place of the more usual infinitive with av, in order to give greater certainty or reality to this portion of the proposition, if only he would come, he would of a truth make him friendly with Cyrus'. Compare the note on διέλθοιεν ...διαβήσονται (ΙV. 1. 3).

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KρEITTW] a better friend to him than his country had ever been'.

§ 5· ἀνακοινοῦται] Macmichael distinguishes no difference be tween the active and the middle of this verb. Breitenbach, on the other hand, would translate the active by consulere, the middle by communicare aliquid cum aliquo. The distinction between the two is really akin to that between συμβουλεύειν and συμβουλεύεσθαι, as the middle voice in both cases implies the interested motives of the consulting party. Thus ȧvakoivŵoal Tv is simply to lay the case before' some one, while ȧvaкoivoûσdaí Tv is to 'take his opinion' upon it.

ÚπожтEÚσαя μý] The construction, as White observes, is the same as it would be after a verb of fearing, the idea being similar in both cases: 'being apprehensive that it might be made a ground of complaint on the part of his city if he became friendly with Cyrus'. The best authorities are in favour of omitting the pronoun of after the word

πόλεως.

συμπολεμῆσαι] to have co-operated vigorously with the Lacedæmonians in the war against Athens'. The allusion is to the negotiations of Lysander, who had been the agent of Cyrus in supplying funds to the Lacedæmonians.

ἐλθόντα] The position of the participle is in favour of ἐλθόντα rather than oor, though in regard to external authority there is little to choose between the two readings.

§ 6. Tivi äv Oeŵv Ovwv] I cannot altogether agree with White, who suggests that the force of this preliminary av is thrown on the riv. Rather it is placed thus early in the sentence to influence the participles Oúwv and evxóuevos, and to show the hypothetical character of the entire clause: to which of the gods he was to pray and sacrifice, and (if he did so) succeed in his travels'.

θεοῖς is of course by attraction for θεούς.

§ 7. ἀλλ' αὐτὸς κρίνας] instead of which he had decided on his own part that he ought to go'.

§ 8. θυσάμενος] For the distinction between θύειν (act.) and Oveola (midd.) see note on IV. 6. 27.

opμâv Thν av odóv] 'to start on the upward route'. The accusative is referable to the same class as those mentioned in the notes on IV. 4. I, and IV. 6. 12. συνεστάθη, was introduced' to Cyrus.

$$ 9, 10. The device of Cyrus for retaining Xenophon in his service. § 9. ȧπожÉμew] If we retain this reading with Bornemann we can only explain it as an anacoluthon, or as a combination of two constructions similar to that which meets us again in § 20 of the present chapter.

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§ 10. Thy Ti Baoiλéa ópμýv] for he knew nothing of the movement against the king'. di' aloxúvny, for fear of losing the respect of Cyrus and their comrades'. The present is a good opportunity for reminding beginners of the difference between the objective and the subjective genitive. Thus aloxúvn Kúpov might either mean the 'shame felt by Cyrus' (subjective) or, as in the present instance, the 'shame felt in regard to Cyrus' (objective).

§§ II, 12. The narrative of the expedition is resumed. Xenophon's dream and its supposed import.

§ II. μικρὸν δ ̓ ὕπνου λαχών] Ὕπνου is here a partitive genitive representing the entire whole, while the accusative μikpòv denotes the part of the whole which is taken in the present instance. For a similar example see note on οὐ προσίεσαν (IV. 5. 5).

Tâσav] Tâσa al., a very inferior reading, which has no doubt been introduced in the endeavour to make the construction of dožev uniform in the two clauses. Retaining therefore the accusative râσav, we have doğev used as a personal verb with σкnтós, while by a very common idiom we must supply it in an impersonal sense with the latter clause of the sentence.

§ 12. Baoiλéws] 'in his character of king'. This portion of the dream was unfavourable as suggesting that in this character he would take earthly kings, and in particular the king of Persia, under his care. Add to which, as White remarks, Jupiter was regarded as the founder of the Persian dynasty, and in this capacity is styled Zeus Tarpos in the Cyrop. I. 6. I.

:

KÚKλ] is the emphatic word and suggests a second ground for disquietude besides which the fire seemed to blaze all round him'. As regards the construction of the sentence, the optative with un is of course dependent on the verb èpoßeîтo, while the où directly negatives Súvairo. Compare note on IV. 7. 11. This usage must be carefully distinguished from other combinations of μn and où (cf. II. 3. II) where the only force of où is to make the negation more emphatic.

SS 13, 14. The reflections suggested by the dream.

§ 13. Ὁποῖόν τι μὲν δή ἐστι] ὁποῖόν τι μέντοι ἐστὶ δὴ is Macmichael's reading, which presents us with an intolerable collocation of particles. The reading of the text, which is adopted by Breitenbach and White, is not free from objections on the same ground, and I am much inclined to adopt Schneider's simplified sentence, òtoîbv tɩ μévtol ẻoti τὸ κ.τ.λ.