the executive, ii, 162; denial of justice, |
ii, 162; Arraigo, ii, 170; not a co-
ordinate department, ii, 173; limit of
jurisdiction, ii, 174; comparison with
American courts, ii, 176.
Cuba, revolution of 1906, i, 170; United
States offers to purchase from Spain,
ii, 391; Lopez filibustering expeditions,
ii, 391; naval demonstration by foreign
powers, ii, 391; England and France's
proposal to United States, ii, 392; reso-
lution in Congress regarding freedom
of Cuba, ii, 514; John Quincy Adams'
letter favoring annexation, ii, 552; joint
resolution in Congress, ii, 553; Platt
amendment, ii, 553; revolution of 1906,
ii, 554; charges made by revolutionary
junta, ii, 555; Roosevelt's letter to
Quesada, ii, 556; President Palma's
resignation, ii, 557; Taft assumes power,
ii, 557; Beveridge's views on Cuban
question, ii, 561.
Currency (see Finance, Debt). Colom-
bian paper
money, i, 475; Vene-
zuela's currency, i, 476; Nicaragua, i,
477; Argentina, i, 478-479; Brazil, i,
479.
DEBT (see Currency; Finance). Division
of Nueva Granada, 1834, i, 71; Indebt-
edness of Nueva Granada, 1824, i, 58;
of Peru, 1868, i, 97; of Argentina, 1884,
i, 122; of Argentina, 1890, i, 123–126.
D'elhuyar, defeats Monteverde, i, 19;
defeated by Spaniards, i, 20.
Diaz, Porfirio, biographical sketch, i, 221–
225; character of, ì, 225–226; becomes
President, 1877, i, 163.
Dictatorship, a form of government, i,
275; should be placed under civilized
control, ii, 638.
Diplomacy, American ministers helpless
in Latin America, ii, 582; difficulties
confronting Consuls, ii, 583; diplomats
declared persona non grata, ii, 584;
consuls asking permission to enter
American vessels, ii, 585; strange in-
structions from Washington, ii, 585;
Olney's criticism of Minister Smythe,
ii, 586; Olney's denial of right of asylum,
ii, 586; Secretary Bayard compliments
dictator, ii, 588; Argentina seeks to
dictate official communications of for-
eign diplomats to their governments, ii,
588; exequaturs withdrawn, ii, 590;
Consul Donaldson's exequatur can-
celled, ii, 591; how Salvador treats
American consuls, ii, 591; Gold-
schmidt's experiences at La Guaira,
ii, 592; Minister Egan grants asylum,
ii, 594; Secretary Gresham disapproves
Egan's action, ii, 595.
Diseases, i, 552-554.
Dom Pedro II, biographical sketch, i, 226-
228; becomes emperor, July 23, 1840,
i, 106; visits United States and Europe,
1877, i, 108; plans for building rail-
ways, i, 108; laws limiting slavery, i,
109; visits Europe, 1887, i, 109; over-
thrown, 1889, i, 110; died, 1891, i, 111.
Dow, J. M., master of S. S. Costa Rica,
ii, 191; statement regarding firing on
steamer by Fort Amapala, ii, 192;
demand on Captain Dow by Command-
ante, ii, 192; Captain Dow's reply, ii.
192; Villela threatens to bombard S. S.
Costa Rica, ii, 192; Captain Dow
weighs anchor, ii, 193; steamer shelled
by Krupp guns, ii, 193; Captain Dow
complimented by Minister Young, ii,
Drago Doctrine, Drago's letter to Merou,
ii, 55; Secretary Hay's reply, ii, 56;
acceptance of Drago doctrine, ii, 57;
advocated by New York Tribune, ii, 58;
Hamilton falsely accused of originating
doctrine, ii, 59; Doctrine before Second
Hague Peace Conference, ii, 60; Hague
Conference proposal, ii, 60.
Duffield, Henry M., decision in Van Dissel
case, ii, 78; decision in great Venezuelan
Railroad case, ii, 328; decision in the
Wenzel case, ii, 331; decision in Kum-
merow case, ii, 95.
Durham, John S., report on Mevs case, ii,
Duties (see Stamps and Tariffs). Triple
payments demanded, i, 520; export
duties in Colombia, i, 468; port dues in
Honduras, i, 469; import duties in
Guatemala, i, 470; exportation of hides
from Paraguay, i, 471; enormous im-
port duties, i, 472.
EARTHQUAKES, Caracas, 1811, i, 13.
Ecuador, classification, i, 267, 274; elec-
tions, i, 186, 306-307; currency and
finance, i, 482; railroads, i, 507; popu-
lation, i, 526; area, i, 525, 527; national
characteristics, i, 398; mines and miner-
als, i, 497; constitutions, i, 352-356;
justice, i, 372; historical outline, i, 90–
Presidents. Sucré, 1824, i, 90; Flores,
1830, i, 90; Rocafuerte, 1835, i, 91;
Flores, 1839, i, 91; Roca, 1845, i, 91;
Urbina, 1849, i, 91; Noboa, 1850, i,
91; Urbina, 1851, i, 91; Robles, 1856,
i, 91; Moreno, 1859, i, 91; Moreno,
1860, i, 91; Borrero, 1875, i, 92; Vein-
temilla, 1876, i, 92; Caamano, 1884, i,
92; Flores, 1888, i, 92; Cordero, 1892,
i, 92; Alfaro, 1895, i, 92; Plaza, 1901,
i, 92; Garcia, 1905, i. 92.
Education, lack of facilities, i, 432; Ameri-
can schools in Colombia, i, 433; govern-
ment interference with, i, 434; litera-
ture, i, 436-439.
Egan, Patrick, reports legation surrounded
by spies, ii, 211; reports suspension of
Constitution in Chili, ii, 594; grants
asylum to refugees, ii, 595; Secretary
Gresham disapproves, ii, 595.
Elections (see revolutions). Argentina, i,
294; Chili and Peru, i, 294–295; Mex-
ico, i, 293-294; Popular elections im-
possible, i, 298-300; Costa Rica,
Nicaragua and Salvador, i, 301-306;
Ecuador, i, 306–307; Brazil, i, 307-
322; Paraguay, i, 322,-323; Vene-
zuela, i, 323, 325; Honduras, i, 325-326;
Bolivia, i, 326-328; Colombia, i, 328-
329; Santo Domingo, i, 330-333; Haiti,
i, 333-346; Cuba, i, 170.
Elective Franchise, necessary restrictions,
ii, 505.
Elias, Campo, defeats Boves and murders
prisoners, i, 19; defeated by Boves at
Calabozo, i, 21; attacks Boves at Vic-
toria, i, 21; killed at San Mateo, i, 22.
Emory, Frederick, discusses Latin Ameri-
can trade conditions, ii, 494.
English, mercenaries aid Bolívar, i, 35;
brilliant work at Carabobo, i, 46–47;
seize Buenos Ayres, 1806, i, 115; seize
Maldonado, 1807, i, 145; seize Mon-
tevideo, 1807, i, 145; defeated at Buenos
Ayres, 1808, i, 115; mercenaries killed
at Rio Hacha, i, 41; in Latin American
society, i, 380, 381; religious intoler-
ance, i, 446; loans to Bolívar's com-
missioner, Zea, i, 53; additional loans
by London bankers, i, 58; attempt to
take possession of Trinidade, i, 112;
make naval demonstration against Mex-
ico, i, 162; compared with Italy, ii, 514;
magnitude of English colonies, ii, 514;
compared with the United States, ii, 515;
territory acquired since 1871, ii, 517;
colonial possessions, ii, 517; strategical
points controlled, ii, 517; statistics of
British Empire, ii, 518; English rule in
India, ii, 520; Indian statistics, ii, 521.
English in Argentina, ii, 40; English in
Chili, ii, 40; English Legation looted in
Mexico, ii, 397; English, French, and
Spanish coalition against Mexico, ii,
397; England a civilizing power, ii, 513;
English work for civilization, ii, 514;
English troops occupy Florida, ii, 538;
English settlement in northwest terri-
tory, ii, 543.
FINANCE (see debts, currency). Argentina,
i, 480; Bolivia, i, 480; Brazil, i, 480;
Chili, i, 481; Colombia, i, 481; Costa
Rica, i, 481; Ecuador, i, 482; Guate-
mala, i, 482; Haiti, i, 482; Honduras,
i, 482; Mexico, i, 483; Nicaragua, i,|
483; Paraguay, i, 483; Peru, i, 483;
Salvador, i, 484; Santo Domingo, i, 484;
Uruguay, i, 484; Venezuela, i, 58, 484;
Nueva Granada in 1822, i, 52.
Firmin, A., revolutionary movements, i,
335 et seq.; gets paper money from New
York, i, 341; issues pronunciamento, i,
343; defeated, i, 344.
Fisher, George P., decision in case of Brig
Sally Dana, ii, 293; opinion in the
Hayes case, ii, 294; pretext for disal-
lowing claim of vessel Amazon, ii, 295.
Fitzgerald Claim, contract with Venezuela,
ii, 257; organization of Manoa Com-
pany, Ltd., ii, 257; Guzman Blanco
decrees annulment, ii, 257; Blanco's con-
cession to Turnbull, ii, 257; Crespo
cancels Turnbull concession, ii, 258;
decision of International Mixed Com-
mission, ii, 258; Secretary Root's
opinion of Fitzgerald's rights, ii, 258.
Flag, American flag treated with disre-
spect, ii, 309; flag disgraced in Vene-
zuela, ii, 597.
Florida, annexed by United States, ii, 537.
Forced Loans. Forced loan exacted by
General Pulgar, ii, 75; a common form
of exaction, ii, 112; Scrugg's description
of forced loans, ii, 113; Tagliaferro
case, ii, 114; Gentini case, ii, 115;
Mazzei case, ii, 115; De Caro case, ii,
116; levied by Zelaya, ii, 117; Gres-
ham's decision in Jacoby case, ii, 119;
seizure of foreign property, ii, 120;
Beaupré's report on Colombian seizures,
ii, 121; Posada arrested for refusal to
pay, ii, 122; Guatemalan officials seize
Chinese funds, ii, 124; lessons from the
forced loan, ii, 126; decreed by Morillo,
i, 25; by Soublette, i, 51; by dictator
of Nicaragua, i, 303; by Firmin in
Haiti, i, 336; by Zelaya, i, 477.
Foreigners (see foreigners, outrages against
English, French, Germans, etc.) threat-
ened and jailed in Venezuela, ii, 9; re-
garded as public enemies in Colombia,
ii, 20; foreigners in Spanish America,
ii, 39; French and Italians in Argen-
tina, ii, 40; Americans in Latin America,
ii, 40; English in Chili and Argentina,
ii, 40; Germans in Latin America, ii,
41; Salvador's laws regarding foreigners,
ii, 41; Secretary Bayard's opinion of
Salvador's laws, ii, 42; Castro's law
against foreigners, ii, 42; Blanco's de-
cree against foreigners, ii, 44; law of
expulsion in Brazil, ii, 45; legal effect
of laws against foreigners, ii, 46; silver
declared contraband in Guatemala, ii,
76; foreign property confiscated in
Venezuela, ii, 248; number of Americans
in Venezuela, ii, 249; number of Ameri-
cans in South America, ii, 498.
Foreigners, Outrages Against (see forced
loans, arbitration conventions, Ameri-
cans in Latin America), case of Pog-
giolis, ii, 62; case of Monnot, ii, 66;
case of James N. Kelly, ii, 67; case of
Di Caro, ii, 70; case of Cesarino, ii, 71:
case of William Quirk, ii, 73; case of
Giacopini, ii, 74; case of Van Dissel, ii,
78; case of Cobham, ii, 84; case of
Fabiani, ii, 85; case of Koenigsbergers,
ii, 77; case of Julio Romano Santos, ii,
282; case of Van Bokkelen, ii, 303;
sample outrages in Venezuela, ii, 360.
Foster, John, W., letter to Mr. Scruggs
regarding seizure of passengers, ii, 185;
Chairman Association of International
Law, ii, 359.
France, French in Argentina, ii, 40;
French army invades Mexico, ii, 397;
declares war against Mexico, ii, 398;
place Maximilian on throne of Mexico,
ii, 398; French colonization, ii, 526;
statistics of French dependencies, ii,
527; obtains cession of Louisiana ter-
ritory, ii, 535; cedes Louisiana territory
to United States, ii, 536; war with
Mexico, 1862, i, 162; French citizens in
Latin America, i, 380, 381.
Francia, José Gaspar, forms junta in Para-
guay, 1811, i, 155; becomes dictator,
1816, i, 155; dies, 1840, i, 155; bio-
graphical sketch, i, 252–254.
Franklin, Benjamin, member of peace
commission, ii, 533.
French Company of Venezuelan Railroads,
Duke of Morny contracts with Vene-
zuela, ii, 334; stipulations of the
contract, ii, 334; a new agreement de-
manded by Venezuela, ii, 336; railway
completed, ii, 336; extraordinary dif-
ficulties encountered by the company,
ii, 337; claims against Venezuela in
1895, ii, 337; Venezuela refuses to pay,
ii, 337; revolutionary movements de-
stroy railroad, ii, 338; adjacent country
devastated, ii, 338; manager of railroad
killed by troops, ii, 338; railway com-
pany compelled to suspend, 339; rail-
way company's steamers destroyed,
340; company presents claim against
Venezuela, ii, 340; summary of claims,
ii, 341; Umpire Plumley discusses the
case, ii, 342; Plumley renders award, ii,
347; comments on Plumley's judgment,
ii, 347.
GAGE, LYMAN J., letter on Argentina's at-
tempt to control communications of for-
eign diplomats, ii, 589.
Gama, Luiz Felippe Saldanha da, issues
manifesto, i, 315; asks American rec-
ognition, i, 318; commits suicide, i, 322.
Germans, mercenaries in Margarita, i, 37;|
element in Latin America, i, 380, 381;
maintain gold standard in Venezuela, i,
476; the German people, ii, 529; Ger-
man colonies in Brazil, ii, 529; statistics
of German colonies, ii, 530; Germans
in the Orient, ii, 531.
Gil y Wos, named provisional president, i,
332, 333.
Godon, S. W., censured for actions in
Paraguay, ii, 231.
Gomez, José Miguel, revolution in Cuba
against Palma, i, 170; letter to Taft, i,
183.
Government, limitations on self-govern-
ment, ii, 506; good government in-
dispensable, ii, 510; our national
government, ii, 625.
Grant, U. S., message regarding Santo
Domingo, ii, 444.
Grau, Captain Miguel, with Huascar de-
stroys Esmeralda, i, 136; captures
Rimac, i, 136; killed in battle, i, 137.
Great Venezuelan Railroad Case, per-
sonnel of arbitration commission, ii, 328;
railroad threatened by revolutionists, ii,
329; Castro seizes railway, ii, 329; con-
tract for transportation of troops, ii, 329;
Venezuela refuses to pay, ii, 329; Um-
pire Duffield disallows claim, ii, 330;
opinion of Umpire, ii, 330.
Gresham, Walter Q., letter regarding
murder of William Wilson, ii, 11; ruling
on citizenship of Mrs. Jacoby, ii, 118;
denies doctrine of asylum on vessels, ii,
182; refuses protection for crew of
Henry Crosby, ii, 191; absolves Hon-
duras for bombardment of Steamship
Costa Rica, ii, 194; recommends res-
toration of Queen Liliuokalani, ii, 548;
criticises Minister Egan for granting
asylum, ii, 595; letter to Minister
Young, ii, 596.
Guano, national monopoly in Peru, ii, 283;
leads to seizure of American steam-
ships, ii, 283.
Guatemala, classification, i, 267, 274;
finance, i, 482; population, i, 526; min-
ing and minerals, í, 505; historical out-
line, i, 167-168; import duties, i, 470.
Guatemala, Outrages Against Foreigners,
imprisons and expels Hollander, ii, 12;
forced loan decreed by Barrios, ii, 76;
confiscates money of Koenigsberger
brothers, ii, 77; no redress for Koenigs
berger, ii, 78; arrests Posadas for
refusal to pay forced loan, ii, 122; out-
rages on Chinese by Guatemala, ii, 124;
murders Barrundia on board Steamship
Acapulco, ii, 186.
Guerra, Pino, attacks Pinar del Rio, i, 171;
captures San Juan de Martinez, i, 172;
opposes American intervention, i, 175;
cuts Western Railway, i, 176.
HAGUE, THE, second Peace Conference, |
ii, 60; consideration of Drago Doctrine,
ii, 60; Hague conference established
through initiative of Czar, ii, 363; the
Hague Convention, ii, 364; article re-
garding international arbitration, ii, 364;
proposed permanent court, ii, 365; sec-
ond convention, ii, 366; proposed inter-
national prize court, ii, 366; arguments
favoring permanent arbitration tribunal,
ii, 366; comments on the proposal, ii,
367; award in English-Venezuelan
boundary dispute, ii, 410.
Haiti, classification, i, 267, 274; finance, i,
482; population, i, 526; mining and
minerals, i, 502-503; historical outline,
i, 157-158; elections in, i, 333-346;
constitution, i, 356; immigration into,
ii, 29; application of Monroe Doctrine,
ii, 460; barbaric condition, ii, 461.
Haitian Claims Commissions, convention
May 24, 1884, ii, 296; claim of Antonio
Pelletier, ii, 296; William Strong ap-
pointed arbitrator, ii, 296; Judge
Strong's opinion, ii, 297; amount of
award, ii, 297; Haiti protests, ii, 297;
Secretary Bayard re-opens award, ii,
297; comments on Secretary Bayard's
ruling, ii, 298; claim of A. H. Lazare ii,
299; Lazare's contract with Haiti, ii,
300; Judge Strong's judgment, ii, 300;
Secretary Bayard re-opens case, ii, 300;
comments on Secretary Bayard's rulings,
ii, 301; Port-au-Prince riot claims, ii,
302; convention May 24, 1888, ii, 303;
Van Bokkelen's imprisonment, ii, 303;
case submitted to arbitration, ii, 303; Al-
exander Porter Morse, referee, ii, 303;
judgment by Referee Morse, ii, 304.
Harrison, Benjamin, message on murder
of sailors at Valparaiso, ii, 213; submits
annexation treaty with Hawaii, ii, 547.
Hassaurek, Frederick, reports on claims
against Ecuador, ii, 279; opinion in
cases of Medea and Good Return, ii,
281.
Hawaii, recognition of independence, ii,
545; King Kalakaua ascends the throne,
ii, 546; Queen Liliuokalani succeeds
Kalakaua, ii, 546; Queen overthrows
constitutional government, ii, 546; com-
mittee of Public Safety organized, ii, 546;
American marines landed, ii, 546; an-
nexation commission reaches Washing
ton, ii, 547; annexation treaty sub-
mitted by President Harrison, ii, 547;
treaty withdrawn by President Cleve-
land, ii, 547; appointment of Paramount
Commissioner Blount, ii, 547; Willis
goes to Hawaii, ii, 547; Willis orders
President Dole to surrender to Ex-
Queen, ii, 548; President Dole refuses,
ii, 548; Secretary Gresham recom-
mends restoration of Ex-Queen by
force, ii, 548; President Cleveland
acknowledges defeat, ii, 549; Hawaii
annexed during McKinley's adminis-
tration, ii, 549.
Hay, John, instructions to Mr. Terres, i,
345; instructions to Mr. Merry, i, 522;
comments on Brazil's discourtesy to
U. S. S. Wilmington, ii, 8; permits
Minister Bowen to become Castro's
agent, ii, 9; takes energetic measures
to protect foreigners in Venezuela, ii, 11;
demands indemnity from Honduras for
murder of Frank Pears, ii, 14; reply to
Drago's note, ii, 56; comments on arrest
of Posadas, ii, 123; demands arbitra-
tion of Venezuela, ii, 259; delivers ulti-
matum to Venezuela, ii, 261; defied by
Castro, ii, 262; Hay and Gresham con-
trasted, ii, 191.
Henry Crosby, Schooner (see A. F.
Stubbs).
Hernandez, “El Mocho," seizes property
of Wenzel, a German, ii, 331; captured
and imprisoned, ii, 331; pardoned by
Castro, ii, 331; organizes revolution in
1898, ii, 332; defeated and imprisoned,
ii, 333.
Hoar, George F., interpretation of Decla-
ration of Independence, ii, 503; opposes
Chinese exclusion act, ii, 504.
Hollander, Jacob B., article on Santo
Domingo in Amer. Jour. of Int. Law,
ii, 417.
Hollander, J. H., charges against Minister
Hall, ii, 12; imprisoned and expelled,
ii, 13.
Honduras, classification, i, 267, 274;
finance, i, 482; population, i, 526; min-
ing and minerals, i, 504; historical
outline, i, 164-167; port charges, i,
469; soldier murders Frank Pears, ii,
13; murderer protected by the govern-
ment, ii, 15; immigration laws, ii, 29;
statistics of births, i, 412.
Hopkins, Edward A., manager United
States and Paraguay Navigation Co.,
ii, 275; erects various works, ii, 275;
incurs enmity of Lopez, ii, 276; com-
pany's property destroyed by Lopez, ii,
Hunter, W. Godfrey, demands indemnity
for murder of Frank Pears, ii, 14; Hon-
duras refuses demand, ii, 15; reports
confiscation of American's money in
Guatemala, ii, 77; reports action of the
European powers in Guatemala, ii,
483.
Hurtado, José Manuel, financial Commis-
sioner to London, i, 58; first Minister to
England, i, 60.
IMMIGRATION, into Latin America, ii, 27;|
the United States, ii, 26; Brazil, ii, 27;
Chili, ii, 28; Peru, ii, 28; Argentina,
ii, 28; Ecuador, ii, 29; Paraguay, ii,
29; German colonies in Brazil, ii, 31;
Dona Francisca, ii, 31; Rio Grande
de Sul, ii, 31; Cruz Alta and Palmeira,
ii, 32; Santa Catharina, ii, 32; statis-
tics of German immigration into Brazil,
ii, 33; immigration into Chili, ii, 34;
false inducements by immigration agents,
ii, 34; low wages and great hardships,
ii, 35; immigration laws of Honduras,
ii, 29; immigration needed in Latin
America, ii, 30.
India, British rule, ii, 520; statistics of
provinces, ii, 521; languages spoken,
ii, 522; principal religions, ii, 522; oc-
cupations, ii, 523; education, ii, 524;
agriculture, ii, 524; irrigation, ii, 524;
general conditions, ii, 525; Indians, i,
380; insects, i, 548.
International arbitration tribunal, The
Hague Convention, July 29, 1899, ii,
364; effort to establish permanent
court at The Hague, ii, 366; Clarke's
argument favoring permanent court,
ii, 366; objections to a permanent
court, ii, 367; objections to life tenure
for judges, ii, 368; difficulty of estab-
lishing a permanent court, ii, 369.
International law (see arbitrations; also
mixed or claim commissions under each
of the Latin American countries). Doc-
trine of non-responsibility for acts of
insurgents, ii, 90; State must take
proper precautions, ii, 91;
case of
United States against Colombia, ii, 91;
case of United States against Peru, ii,
91; Panama riot and other claims, ii,
91; indemnity paid by United States
to Italy, ii, 92; indemnification for riot
in Germany, ii, 93; recommendations
of Institute of International Law, ii,
94; neutral property in wake of war,
ii, 95; injuries by unsuccessful revolu-
tionists, ii, 95; liability under German-
Venezuelan protocol, ii, 95; damages
by guerrillas, ii, 95; the Padron case,
ii, 96; Kummerow case, ii, 99; Sam-
biaggio case, ii, 100; Guastini case,
ii, 102; Ralston's decision in Sam-
biaggio case, ii, 105; comments on
Ralston's decision, ii, 108; doctrine of
State sovereignty, ii, 150; entities under
international law, ii, 151; international
law not properly applicable to Latin
dictatorships, ii, 153; the Monroe Doc-
trine and international law, ii, 153; vio-
lations of international laws by the
dictatorships, ii, 153-155; justice must
be exhausted in local courts when, ii, 159;
doctrine of State sovereignty, ii, 540;|
conditions under which arbitral awards
may be set aside, ii, 254; proposed
changes at Pan American conference,
ii, 425; proposed codification at Pan
American conference, ii, 429; resolu-
tions regarding foreigners by Pan
American conference, ii, 428.
International lawyers, numerous in Latin
America, ii, 149.
International prize courts, Hazeltine's
opinion of, ii, 61; Hague convention
for establishing, ii, 366.
Intervention, American in Cuba, i, 174–
Irish, mercenaries under Montilla, i, 42;
under Juan d'Evereux, i, 41.
Isle of Pines, Protocol with Spain, ii, 558;
proposed treaty between Cuba and
United States, ii, 558; decision of U. S.
Supreme Court in Pearcy case, ii, 559;
Chief Justice Fuller's opinion, ii, 559;
Article VI of Platt amendment, ii,
560; duty of United States Senate with
reference to, ii, 560.
Italy, Italians in South America, i, 380;
joins England and Germany in Vene-
zuelan blockade, ii, 244; compared
with England, ii, 514.
JACKSON, ANDREW, seizes Florida with
his army, ii, 538; fails to annex Texas,
ii, 540.
Jaurez, Benito, revolts against Comonfort,
1858, i, 161; becomes president, 1860,
i, 161; confiscates church property,
1861, i, 161; revolts against Maximilian,
1865, i, 162; seizes power in Mexico,
ii, 397; organizes revolution against
Maximilian, ii, 399; captures and exe-
cutes Maximilian, ii, 399–400.
Jay, John, member of Peace Commission,
ii, 533; far sighted statesmanship, ii,
534.
Jefferson, Thomas, letter to Monroe re-
garding Canning-Rush Correspondence,
ii, 379; approves Louisiana purchase,
ii, 535; letter to Livingston, ii, 536;
diplomacy regarding Florida, ii, 537;
sends Lewis and Clarke to Pacific, ii,
542; demands regarding New Orleans,
ii, 536.
Johnson, Cave, decision in case of United
States and Paraguay Navigation Co.,
ii, 277.
Jones, Francis S., reports Argentina's de
cree regulating reports of foreign diplo-
mats, ii, 589; explains why he did not
sign joint note of protest, ii, 590.
Judiciary, American, designed to promote
justice, ii, 599; greatest defect in Ameri-
can government, ii, 600; American
people support blindly, ii, 601; Phil-
lip's criticism, ii, 601; the law touches
|