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funeral, 40; national grief at his
death, ib.; his good qualities, 41;
interceded for by Maximilian,
ib.; his coffin at the Escurial
cpened, 42; his decapitation dis-
proved, ib.

Carlos (Don,' son of Philip II., 1545–
1568), pretended Madrid document
narrating his execution, cxxxi.
342 note; extravagances of the
story, ib.
Carlovingian Romances, the, earliest
national literature of France, cxv.
363; recited by minstrels, ib.;
their metrical composition, 364;
chronological contradictions in,
366; mythical character of
Saracen chieftains, 367; represent
the apotheosis of feudalism, 368;
romances of the house of Lorraine,
369; absence of refinement dis-
played in, 370; compared with
the Homeric poems, 372; their
interest chiefly in details, 373;
their probable date, 374; largely
derived from Teutonic and Nor-
thern legends, 376; their place in
mediæval literature, 377
Carlowitz, treaty of (1699), cxvi.
510; broken by the Turks, 540
Carlyle (Rev. Dr. Alexander, 1722-
1805), his Autobiography devoid
of scandal, cxiii. 145; his paren-
tage, 146; bursarship at Glasgow
University, 150; his account of
the rebels, 157; visits Leyden,
158; his arrival at London, 160;
ministry at Cockburnspath, 163;
sketches of Scottish celebrities,
164-173; revisits London, 173;
his account of Lord Bute, 175;
his personal appearance, 177;
inarriage, 178; interview with
Lord Mansfield on the window
tax, 180
Carlyle (Thomas, b. 1795), his
wrong
estimate of Frederick William I.,
cxvi. 185

his estimate of Frederick

the Great refuted, cxxiii. 518,
519

Carlyle (Thomas, b, 1795), his de-
sponding conception of human
nature, cxxx. 165; cxxxix. 475
his immoral doctrine of
force, applied to Ireland, cxxxvi.
125

his first arrival In London,
cxxxix. 115; regarded by the
Benthamites as a mystic, ib.: con-
versation in John Austin's draw-
ing-room, ib.

his politics denounced by Mr.
Hall, cxl. 152; his services to
literature and morality, 153
Carnot (Lazare Nicholas Marguerite,
1753-1828), his reorganisation of
the French army, cxxvi. 274, 275;
proscribed, 276

Caroline (Queen of George IV., 1708
-1821), her imprudent return to
England, cxxxv. 519; rejects the
King's terms, ib.; her reception
in London, ib.; address of the
Commons, 520; Government pro-
posals refused, ib.; failure of her
prosecution, ib.; Brougham's
speech for the defence, 521; her
questionable acquittal and death,
522; conduct of the principals
condemned, 523; her levity and
indiscretion, 524; evils of the
prosecution, ib.; the scandal soon
forgotten, 525

Carpentaria, gulf of, overland route
to, cxvi. 35

proposal of penal settlement
rejected, cxvii. 245
Carpenter (Dr.), his researches in

deep-sea thermometry, cxxxv.
453, 454; his doctrine of vertical
circulation, 465

Carpenter (Mary), her book, 'Our

Convicts,' cxxii. 337; her object
therein, ib.; on the reformatory
system, 358; on the methods of
individual appeal to convicts, 362;
on the reformation of women

365; on the separate treatment of incorrigibles, 370, 371 Carstairs (William, 1649-1715), induces William III. to absolve the General Assembly from the oath of allegiance, cxiv. 419 Carstens (Asmus, 1754-1798), his fresco-paintings, cxxiii. 8 Carthage, historical interest of, cxiv.

66; treaties with Rome, ib. and 79; Aristotle's criticism of her constitution, 68; originally a trading settlement, 71; situation of, described by Polybius, ib. ; physical changes since his account, 72; commercial advantages of the site, 73; human sacrifices at, 77; ancient cisterns and aqueducts, 82; the triple wall of Appian, 84; excavations by M. Beulé, 85; position of the Byrsa, 86; temple of Esculapius, 90; artificial harbour, ib.; place of sepulture, 95; effects of Roman dominion, 97; dearth of Punic literature, ib.; note rectifying topographical error of reviewer, 589

first system of road-making in, cxix. 342 Carthusians, their settlement in London, cxxxi. 166; transfer of Charter House at the Dissolution, 175.

Cartwright (Dr. Edmund, 1743

1824), patent for his power-loom, cxxi. 599

Casale (Piedmont), siege of, by Spinola, exxiii. 49, 53; battle prevented by Mazarin, 54, 55 Cashmere (India), commercial relations of, with Toorkistan, cxxxix. 317, 318

Cassini (Italian astronomer), his theory of the sun's distance from the earth, cxxxviii. 145 Cassiodorus (minister of Theodoric, b. 468), his architectural improvements at Rome, cxviii. 350,

351

Caste, scarcely mentioned in the Vedas, cxii. 381

effects of, on military discipline in India, cxvii. 32; instance of the power of, in India, 449; the root of the Mutiny, 461

Portuguese origin of the word, cxxxvi. 471 note; ascribed by Mr. Colebrooke to the simple division of freemen and slaves, 472-475

not a Vedic institution, cxxxix. 425 Castellio (Sebastian, 1515-1573), persecution of, by Calvin, cxxxi. 149, 150

Castle (Lieut. W. M. F.), his 'Game of Naval Tactics,' cxl. 8, 24 Castlereagh (Robert Stewart, Earl of, afterwards Marquis of Londonderry, 1769-1822), his duel with Mr. Canning, exii. 54

opposite estimates of his character, cxv. 513; his hollow sympathy with the Catholic claims, 514; his chequered foreign policy, 515; circumstances of his rise, 517; his Irish services under Lord Cornwallis, 519; his incapacity for debate, 524; his personal advantages, 525; a member of Addington's government, 526; his conduct at the India board, 527; resumes office under Pitt in 1804, 528; blunders of his war administration, 529; his speech on the Walcheren expedition, 530; duel with Canning, 531; resigns office, 532; his successful diplomacy in 1813, 533; failure of his colonial policy, 534

his speech in 1819 on the Foreign Erlistment Bill, cxxxv.

569

Castor-oil plant, the, CXXX. 471

Catacombs at Rome, cxx. 217. See Rome

Cathedrals, Murray's handbook to,

in England and Wales, cxxxviii.
505

Cathedral chapters, proposed read-
justment of their property, cxvii.

373
Catherine Howard (Queen of Henry
VIII.), portrait of, ascribed to
Holbein, cxxv. 436

Catherine II. (Empress of Russia,
1729-1796), anecdote of, during
her tour through Southern Russia,
cxix. 328

her character by M. von
Sybel, cxxviii. 321

her lover, Gregory Orloff,
cxxxviii. 432; her conspiracy and
accession, ib. 433

Catholic Emancipation, divisions in

the Cabinet upon, cxii. 39
Catholics. See Roman Catholics
Cato Uticensis (Marcus Portius,

B.C. 95-45), his character by Dr.
Mommsen, cxv. 473
Catoptric system, the, cxv. 179. See
Lighthouses

Cats, breeds of, cxxviii. 424
Cattle, English and French, com-
pared, cxxiii. 205

domestic, primitive origin of,
cxxviii. 426; the urus and short-
horu, ib.; the Bos longifrons, 427,
428; the Galloway polled cattle,
the Niata breed from La Plata,

ib.;

429
Cattle-Plague, the (1865), tardy pre-
cautions at its first appearance,
cxxiii. 210; previous epidemics in
England, 211; and abroad, 212;
fallacies respecting, b.; neglect of
prevention, 213; identical with
the plague of 1744-57, ib.; four
kinds of fevers, ib. ; question of its
origin, 214; its outbreak in Lon-
don, 215; policy of stamping out,
216; Orders of the Privy Council,
ib.; report of the Royal Com-
mission, ib. 217; isolation of in-
fected districts, ib.; powers of
local authorities, 218; efficiency

of their precautions disputed, ib.;
system of cordons, 219; losses in
previous murrains, ib.; its check
to improved husbandry, 220;
threefold aspect of, ib.; its effect
on the rural system, 221; conta-
gion among sheep, ib. note; loss in
milk-supply, ib. 222; conditions of
its recurrence, ib.; inoculation,
223; need of Parliamentary inter-
ference, ib.; cattle importation
and cattle-markets, 224; future
action of farmers, ib.; cowhouses
in towns and private slaughter-
houses, 225

contagion contained in the
cow's milk, cxxxvi. 235
Catullus (b. about B.C. 86), parent
MS. of, cxxxvii. 74
Caucasus, fixed on by Russia as the
boundary range between Europe
and Asia, cxxx. 338; travels of
Messrs. Freshfield, Tucker, and
Moore, ib.; ascents of Ararat, 339;
the mountain-range described,
341; Pass of Dariel, ib.; Mounts
Elbruz and Kazbek, 342, 345; stu-
pendous peak of Uschba, 347; de-
fects of Russian maps, 348;
beauty of the valley of the Ingur,
ib.; savage character of the natives,
349;
the Suanetians, 350; local
guides, 351; Uruspieh, ib.; Päti-
gorsk, 352; contrasted with the
Alps, 353; inhabitants of, 354
Caucus-system, the, in America,
cxviii. 146

Causation, Dr. Newman's doctrine
of, cxxxii. 392

Causerie, the French word has no

English equivalent, cxxiv. 341;
the term 'Table-talk,' applied to,
ib. See Conches, M. Feuillet de
'Causeries de Lundi.' See Sainte-
Beuve

Cavalry, altered use of, in modern
warfare, cxxvi. 291
Care-dwellings, evidence of, regard-
ing paleolithic man, cxxxii. 450;

in Périgord, 451; in Belgium and
England, 454; at Aurignac, 460;
use of, as burial places, 462
Cavelli (Marchesa Campana de),

her history of the Stuarts at St.
Germains, cxxxvi. 47; her valu-
able research, ib. ; her visit to the
Château, ib.
Cavour (Count, 1809-1861), his ne-
gotiations with France respecting
Nice and Savoy, cxi. 535

on the separation of Church
and State in Italy, cxiv. 263; his
death a national calamity, 269;
his character, 270; his insight into
English thought, 273; his sagacity
during the Crimean War, ib. ; con-
stitutional principles, 274; won-
derful power of work, 275; uni-
versal grief at his death, 276

his deep sense of responsi-
bility, cxxviii. 246; his advocacy
of Free Churches, 283
Cecil (Sir William). See Burleigh,
Lord

Cellini (Benvenuto, 1500-1570), his
works in cinque-cento, cxxi. 551;
his statue of Perseus, ib.; his de-
sign for bronze gates for the
Duomo, ib. 552

Celsus (Epicurean philosopher), his
remark on the personal appearance
of Christ, cxxiv. 349
Cenis (Mont), use of, as an Alpine
pass, cxxii. 123; engineering roads
into Italy, 124; Mr. Fell's railway
over, 125 note; idea of a tunnel
objected to, 126; French prize
poem thereon, 127; line chosen
for the tunnel, ib., 128; ascending
and descending gradient for drain-
age, ib.; progress of early negotia-
tions, 129; machines for rock
piercing, ib.; employment of com-
pressed air, 131; choice of ex-
tremities, 131; the Grand Vallon,
not M. Cenis, pierced by the tun-
nel, ib.; terms of the Convention,
132; the route mapped out, 133;

length of the tunnel, ib.; manu-
facture of compressed air, 134-
136; the conduit pipe, 137; per-
forating rods, ib.; plan of opera-
tions, 138-141; rate of progress,
ib.; importance of the work, 142
Census, impolicy of applying it) to
religious denominations, cxxxvii.
208
Centralisation; over-government on
the Continent, cxv. 324; reaction-
ary movement in France, 325; its
relations with moral and material
progress, 331; assisted by local
authority, 351; jealousy in Eng-
land of, 352; promotes place-
hunting, 354

Cephalus and Procris, explanations
of the myth, cxxxii. 343
Ceuta, Portuguese capture of, from
the Moors, cxxviii, 204
Ceylon, Buddhist literature of, cxv.
386

introduction of the Chin-
chona plant, cxviii. 520

Singalese temples in, cxxv.
348 note

Chaibhar (Arabia), captured by
Mahomet, cxxiv. 41

Chaillot, Monastery of, cxxxvi. 54
Chaillu (Paul B. du), his 'Adven-

tures in Equatorial Africa,' cxiv.
212: his field of discovery, 213;
crowned king of the Apingi tribe,
216; his truthfulness questioned,
219; his geography must be tested
by internal evidence, 220; contra-
diction of dates in his narrative,
222; his explanation, 223; incon-
sistencies of detail, 225; his jour-
nals probably mistranscribed, 229;
importance of his travels, 230
Chalcedony, varieties of, cxxiv. 250;
its porous nature, 253

Chaldæa, early monarchy of, cxi. 58;
evidence of civilisation in Lower
Chaldæa, 61

Chaldæans, Mr. Rawlinson's con-
jectural history of, cxxv. 114; his

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Chaldæans, date of the foundation of

the empire examined, cxxxii. 160;
views of M. Lenormant, ib.
Chalmers (Dr. Thomas, 1780-1847),
his services to the Evangelical
party in Scotland, cxiv. 423

his vague notions of Church
Establishments, cxxviii. 256

his oratory described by
Lord Cockburn, cxl. 272; pro-
posals respecting Church patron-
age, 276
Ghamberlayne (Edward, 1616-
1703), his 'Angliæ Notitia,'
cxxxviii. 492; his valuable sketch
of England, ib.; preservation of
his writings, 493
Chamier (Daniel), Huguenot pastor,
his interview with Henry IV. of
France, cxxiv, 101; his Diary
published, 102 note

Champ des Emigrés, the, cxxviii. 300
Champollion (Jean François le

Jeune, 1790-1832), on Egyptian
hieroglyphics, cxvi. 104
Chancellors (Irish), O'Flanagan's
Lives of, cxxxiv. 44; their origin
and early jurisdiction, 47; position
compared with English Chancel-
lors, 48; their decline as the Pale
increased, 49; early instances of
note, ib.; limited notions of Equity,
50; changes in the fifteenth cen-
tury respecting, ib.; Tudor policy,
51; the 'King's Inns,' 52; time-
serving Chancellors of the Tudor

age, ib,; prelates and Chancellors
under the first Stuarts, 54, 55;
Commissioners under Cromwell,
ib.; office renewed at the Restora-
tion, ib.; Eustace and Boyle, 56;
upright career of Sir C. Porter,
57; his successors, 58; Sir R.
Cox, 59; 'English' Chancellors
under the House of Hanover, 61;
straining of the Penal Code, 62;
Anglo-Irish Conservatives after
1760, viz. Lords Bowes and Lif-
ford, 63; the Bar at that time, 64;
squalid site of the Four Courts,
ib.; Lord Clare, 65, 67; Tory
Chancellors after the Union, ib.;
their sectarian prejudices, b.;
George Ponsonby a bright excep-
tion, 68; Hart and Plunket, ib. 69 ;
evils of dominant system of rule
reflected in, 70

Chandragupta (d. B.c. 291), his
history illustrated by Buddhist
inscriptions, cxxii. 380
Chanzy (General), his Deuxième

Armée de la Loire,' cxxxv. 149;
on the causes of French defeat,
165
Charcoal, its employment in iron
manufactures superseded, cxvi.

206

Charing-Cross, etymology of, cxxxi.
178 and note

Charlemagne (742-814), his charter
for the Republic of Andorre,
cxiii. 351

his theory of polygamy, cxv.
206; his love of national poetry,
359; his legendary character, 362 ;
his history distorted in romance,
365; the type of feudal royalty,
368

-his treaty with King Achains,
cxviii. 238

'Histoire poétique de,' by
Gaston Paris, cxxv. 229

-wrong notions of his system
in modern school-histories, cxl.
203

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