of the Oregon question, cxii. 547; his antecedents before elected President, ib.; his policy on his accession to power, 548; constitu- tional questions agitated, 549; on the Dred Scott case, 550; uneasy aspect of the slave question, 551; foreign complications, ib.; his cor- ruption of the democratic party, 553; his letter to Pittsburg, ib.; foreign passports refused to free negroes, 556; fresh election forced upon Kansas, 558; his policy re- garding the slave trade, 560; ill- treatment of free negroes in the States, 563; his intended annexa- tion of Cuba, 564; lawlessness in the slave States, 574; their condi- tion and resources compared with the free States, 576; mutual hostility of the two sections, 577; the Union party, 580 Buchanan (James Percival, U.S.), his pro-slavery policy, cxiii. 564
results of his blind policy, cxxiii. 526 Buckingham (George Villiers, Duke of, 1594-1629), debate on his impeachment, cxx. 18; Sir John Eliot's invectives against, 18, 28; his assassination, 30
his town house in the Strand, cxxxi. 177
(George Villiers, second Duke of, son of preceding, 1627-1688), Dryden's description of, as 'Zim- ri,' cxl. 364
Buckingham and Chandos (Duke of,
b. 1797), his application in 1823 to enter the Cabinet, cxxviii. 152; his desire for the Governor-Gene- ralship of India, 153 Buckland (William, D.D. 1784- 1859), his estimate of coal exhaus- tion in England, exi. 83; his recognition of a common organic prototype of species, 511
on the date of man compared
with the lower animals, cxviii. 276; on the cave-bones at Pavi- land, 275 note and 284 note Buckle (Henry Thomas, 1823-1862), his 'History of Civilisation in England,' Vol. II., cxiv. 183; his logical perversity, 184; his aversion to Christianity, 185; on supersti- tion in Spain and Scotland, 187; absurdity of the comparison, ib.; attributes Spanish superstition to earthquakes, 189; his loose notions of history, 196; his view of Scottish history, 200; his idea of the term 'superstition,' 203; ignorance of Church history in Scotland, 206; limits to his merits as an historian, 211; his absurd theory of the Scottish Reforma- tion, 404; fantastic views of the Covenanters, 414
Buckle (Henry Thomas), on the inductive and deductive methods, cxvi. 160
his theory of man's subjec- tion to material causes, cxx. 466
his paradoxical scepticism as to hereditary influences, cxxxii. 100 Bucklersbury, origin and early his- tory of, cxxxi. 174
Buddha, M. St. Hilaire's Life of,
cxv. 379; dates assigned to his death, 391; evidence of the Lalita Vistara, ib. 392; his birthplace and history, 393; origin of his teaching, 396; his existence questioned by Professor Wilson, 398; his title of 'The Enlightened,' ib. ; admixture of fiction in his life, 399; his 'four verities,' 403; his doctrines attributed to Kapila, 404; his supposed atheism, 405
his date determined by Mr. Turnour from Buddhist inscrip- tions, cxxii. 379
compared with Mahomet,
Buddhism, importance of the study
of, cxv. 380; recent knowledge of, 384; discovery of Sanskrit MSS., ib.; colossal literature of, 385; the Mongolian version translated, 386; value of Mr. Hodgson's researches, 387; knowledge of Sanskrit ne- cessary, 389; labours of M. St. Hilaire, ib.; prevalent misconcep- tions of, 390; proportion of its disciples to other religionists, 396, and note; perfection of its moral code, 400; secret of its success in India, 402; its conflict with Brah- minism, ib.; its metaphysical doc- trines, 403; its doctrines of nihil- ism, 408
Buddhism, Mr. Fergusson's theory of its Turanian origin, cxxx. 500; cxxxviii. 199, 200
in Japan, cxxxviii. 78, 79 Buddhists, fanciful theory of Bud- dhist missionary relics in Scotland, cxvii. 60
ancient inscriptions of, de- ciphered, cxxii. 379; overthrow of their temporal power, 382; the Jain creed, ib.; their cave-temples in India, 384; decay of Buddhism after the Mauryan Dynasty, 385; revolution of the Agni Kools, 386; co-existence with Hinduism, ib.
Buffon (George Louis Le Clerc,
1707-1788), his theory of the de- generation of species, cxi. 508; his view of the mutability of species, 509
his idealistic notion of species, cxxviii. 417 Bugeaud (Marshal 1784-1849), his contrast between French and British troops in the Peninsula, cxxvi. 293
his remark on the British in- fantry, cxxxii. 523 Building Societies, principle of co- operation illustrated by, cxxxviii. 115
'Bull-running,' custom of, practised by early guilds, cxxxiv. 356 Bulwer, Edward. See Lytton, Lord Bunsen (Chevalier Christian Karl Josias, 1791-1860), his system of Egyptian chronology, cxvi. 82; his 'Egyptian Dictionary,' 104; his dynastic theories unsound, 107; his arbitrary method of criticism, 110
Bunsen (Chevalier Christian Karl
Josias), interest attaching to his career, cxxvii. 469; his thoroughly Germanic character, 470; memoir of, by his widow, 471; his sanguine temperament and quick sympathies, ib.; early life and education, 473; his youthful abilities, ib.; his friends Mr. Astor and Mr. Cathcart, 474; his intimacy with Niebuhr at Rome, 475; made Prussian Mi- nister, ib.; his marriage, ib.; his earnest religious devotion, 476; married life at Rome, 477; his friendship with the Crown Prince of Prussia, 478; his welcome by the King at Ber- lin, 479; diplomatic transactions, 480; end of his Roman mission, 482; his arrival in England, ib.; welcomed as a Protestant cham- pion, 483; his remarks on Mr. Gladstone's Church and State,' ib.; on the debates in Parliament, 485; his English sympathies, ib.; Prussian offers of employment, 486; negotiates with England for a Protestant bishop at Joppa, ib., 488; Prussian Minister at St. James', 489; his social life in London, ib.; his interview in 1847 with the Queen and Prince Albert, 490; his intimacy with the latter, 493; letters to Baron Stockmar on England, ib.; on Prussian affairs in 1848, 494; diplomatic vexations, 496, 497; recalled from St. James', ib.; his literary in-
dustry, 498; change in his political opinions, 499; invited to the Evangelical Alliance at Berlin, 500; raised to the peerage, 501; his closing years, ib. Bunsen (Chevalier Christian Karl Josias), Prussian Minister at St. James', cxxxvi. 401; his efforts for Anglo-German Alliance, ib.
his prediction of a of religion' in Europe, cxxxviii. 536
(Professor, the Chemist, b. 1811), his visit to Iceland, cxiii. 535; his theory of the Geyser Eruptions, 545
his experiments in spectrum analysis, cxvi. 304; discovers two new alkaline metals, ib.
his discovery of cæsium and rubidium, cxxxi. 59 Buonaparte (Charles Lucien, Prince
de Canino, 1803-1857), Audubon's description of, cxxxii. 262; his 'Ornithology of America,' ib.
(Jerome Napoleon, 1784- 1860), his marriage with Miss Patterson, cxxviii. 470
(Lucien, d. 1840), his cha- racter, by Madame Récamier, cxi. 212
(Napoleon). See Napoleon
Marshal, b. 1782), his letter to the 'Times' in 1868 on the attack on Sebastopol, cxxviii. 387, 392 Burgundy, Dukes of, their splendid pomp and hospitality, exix. 532; wealth of their Flemish posses- sions, 533; their anomalous posi- tion as vassals of France, 534; provinces granted in apanage by the Crown, ib. ; the House created afresh in the person of Philip le Hardi, ib.; John the Fearless, 535; his son Philip's alliance with Henry V. of England, 536; Philip's defection from the English, 537; he dictates peace to Charles VII., ib.; prosperity of his rule, 537; affords refuge to the Dau- phin, ib.; escorts Louis to his coronation at Reims, 539; he resigns the towns on the Somme to Louis XI. 541; reconciled to his son, the Count of Charolais, 542 (see Charles the Bold); Guel- dres added to the Burgundian dominions, 565
Burial, mode of in ancient Carthage, cxiv. 96
early Jewish use of prayers for the dead on epitaphs, cxx. 245, 246
modes of, among prehistoric cave-dwellers, cxxxii. 462; in the iron age, 478
Burial service, the, objectionable allusion to the dead, cxiii. 21
urgent need of revision, cxxvi. 510; scandals of its indis- criminate use, ib. ; obnoxious clas- .; sification of the unbaptised, 511; proposed alteration of the Rubric, 515
Burke, Sir Bernard, his loose study
of genealogies, cxxi. 342 note Burke (Edmund, 1730-1797), his genius compared with Macaulay's, cxiv. 280-
Windham's notes on, cxxiii. 574; his letter to Windham on
Lord Fitzwilliam's quarrel with Burnet (Gilbert), pastoral letter of, Pitt, 583
Burke (Edmund), enters Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, at fourteen, cxxv. 59 his claims to the authorship of 'Junius,' cxxvii. 198; diffe- rences of his style therefrom,
his letters to Sir Gilbert Elliot, cxxxix. 191 (see Minto, Lord); his 'Considerations on the French Revolution,' 197
his remarks on constitu- tions, cxl. 206; on Convocation, 430; on the union of Church and State, 449
Burke and Wills (Messrs.), their Australian exploring expedition, cxvi. 43; succeed in crossing the continent, 46; their tragic fate, ib.
their expedition into Central Australia, cxviii. 331; searching parties sent after them, ib. Burleigh (William Cecil, Lord, 1520-1598), his blindness to Spanish designs, cxiii. 207; his clandestine negotiations with Philip II. 208
Mr. Froude's story of his proposal to dethrone Elizabeth, cxix. 274
his scheme of a French marriage for Elizabeth, cxxiv. 501, 502; detects the Spanish plot against her, 504; his saga- cious statesmanship, 510 Burlinghame mission in China, the, cxxxiii. 197
Burmah, trade intercourse of, with
Western China, cxxxvii. 300 Burn (Mr. Robert), his 'Rome and
the Campagna,' cxxxv. 293; his valuable topography, 317 Burnet (Gilbert, Bishop of Salis-
bury, 1643-1715), the sport of political ballad-mongers, cxiii. 102 his toleration of polygamy,
ordered to be burnt, cxxxiv. 188 Burnouf (Eugène), his researches on Buddhism, cxv. 384; importance of his labours, 387
Burns (Robert, 1759-1796), his lite- rary character, cxxi. 322 Burnside (Federal General), his re- lief by Sherman, cxxi. 258 Burton (Captain), results of his Nile explorations with Speke, cxii. 324
his expedition in 1857-59, with Capt. Speke, cxviii. 211; on the affluents of Lake Tanganyika,
on the character of the Be- douins, cxxii. 496 note Burton (H.), works of, suppressed, cxxxiv. 185
Burton (J. Hill), his History of Scotland to 1688, cxxvi. 238; his periods adopted from Dr. Robert- son, 239; his searching spirit of criticism, 239; his able treatment of the War of Independence, 240; on English rights of superiority, 242; his weakness of romantic description, 252; on Mary and Bothwell, 261, 262; his love of truth and impartiality, 263; want of method, ib.; defects of style, 264; his inaccurate account of the Comyn family, 265; errors due to haste, 267; his theory of the Re- formation in Scotland, 268
his History of Scotland, Vols. V.-VII., cxxxiv. 100; on Mary's fortunes after Kirk-o'-Field, ib.; on the prospects of her reception in Spain, 101; his injustice to Knox, 106; his true estimate of James, 107; impartial treatment of the Reformation, 108; his cri- ticism of Sharp, 121; his conclu- sive condemnation of Charles II.'s policy, 123; superiority of his concluding volumes, 128; im- provement in style, ib.; still open to charge of inaccuracy, ib.; his
neglect of Scottish jurisprudence, 129; and of educational history, 130; the best historian of Scotland, ib.
Burton (Robert, 1578-1640), com- pared by M. Taine to Rabelais, cxxi. 304
Bury (M. Blaze de), his narrative of
Königsmark's murder, cxvi. 196 Busaco, the Duke of Wellington on the battle of, cxvi. 59
monastery of, cxxxi. 465; aspect of the battle-field, 466; misstatement of Napier, ib. Busby (Dr.), his Lucretian Didascalic Poem, cxxii. 254
Bushby (Mr.), his sulphur-workings in Iceland, cxiii. 538
Bussy (Charles Joseph Patissier, Marquis de, 1718-1785), his cha- racter, cxxvii. 554; his daring imarch to Aurungabad, 555; de- feats the Mahrattas, 556 Bute (John Stuart, Earl of, 1713- 1792), Dr. Carlyle's sketch of, cxiii. 175
his alleged early influence over George III., cxxvi. 5; his unpopular administration, 11; his Scotch origin lampooned, 12; his harsh policy, ib.; retires after the peace, 14; jealousy of his influence, 14; his visits to the Princess Dowager watched, 15
Butler (Joseph, Bishop 1692-1752), his remark on the truth of the Resurrection, cxix. 604 Butler (Federal General), Lincoln's partiality to, cxxi. 272; failure of his campaign against Lee, 282 Butt (Isaac), his 'Plea for the Celtic race,' cxxv. 187; his ideas of a peasant proprietary in Ireland, 203; simplicity of his scheme, 204; on the unpopularity of the land laws, 205, 208; upholds fixity of tenure and compulsory valuation, 209
his Irish Federalism,'
cxxxiii. 501; his plan of a local Parliament at Dublin, 511 Butts (Sir W. and Lady), Holbein's portrait of, cxxv. 437 note Buzot (François-Nicolas Leonard, 1760-1793), Madame Roland's passion for, cxxi. 389; her letters to him, 390; his portrait found among her papers, 391; his per- sonal attractions, 416; conduct after the September massacres, ib.; his fearful death, 424 Bynkershoeck (Cornelius Van, 1673– 1763), on the rights of trade be- longing to neutrals, cxxxv. 561; on foreign enlistment, 567 'Byre,'early English word explained, cxxviii. 74
Byron (George Gordon, Lord, 1788- 1824), his contempt for Italian singers, cxiii. 518
statue of, by Thorwaldsen,
his affected hatred of society at Geneva, cxix. 434; his inter- view with Bonstetten, ib.
his egotism exposed by M. Taine, cxxi. 323
his type of intellectual great- ness, cxxx. 165; Landor's portrait of, 246; his wife's remarks on his Calvinism, 532
his contempt for the Portu- guese, cxxxi. 453
his intimacy with Hobhouse, cxxxiii. 290, 294; his death and burial described by him, 295, 298; libels on his relations with his wife, ib.
contemporary estimates of 'Beppo,' cxxxv. 487, 489; the poem due to Frere, 491; publica- tion of his 'Don Juan' discussed, 492 Byzantines, the, their dominion in Sicily, exvi. 363
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