of the Oregon question, cxii. 547;
his antecedents before elected
President, ib.; his policy on his
accession to power, 548; constitu-
tional questions agitated, 549; on
the Dred Scott case, 550; uneasy
aspect of the slave question, 551;
foreign complications, ib.; his cor-
ruption of the democratic party,
553; his letter to Pittsburg, ib.;
foreign passports refused to free
negroes, 556; fresh election forced
upon Kansas, 558; his policy re-
garding the slave trade, 560; ill-
treatment of free negroes in the
States, 563; his intended annexa-
tion of Cuba, 564; lawlessness in
the slave States, 574; their condi-
tion and resources compared with
the free States, 576; mutual
hostility of the two sections, 577;
the Union party, 580
Buchanan (James Percival, U.S.),
his pro-slavery policy, cxiii.
564

results of his blind policy,
cxxiii. 526
Buckingham (George Villiers, Duke
of, 1594-1629), debate on his
impeachment, cxx. 18; Sir John
Eliot's invectives against, 18, 28;
his assassination, 30

his town house in the Strand,
cxxxi. 177

(George Villiers, second Duke
of, son of preceding, 1627-1688),
Dryden's description of, as 'Zim-
ri,' cxl. 364

Buckingham and Chandos (Duke of,

b. 1797), his application in 1823
to enter the Cabinet, cxxviii. 152;
his desire for the Governor-Gene-
ralship of India, 153
Buckland (William, D.D. 1784-
1859), his estimate of coal exhaus-
tion in England, exi. 83; his
recognition of a common organic
prototype of species, 511

on the date of man compared

with the lower animals, cxviii.
276; on the cave-bones at Pavi-
land, 275 note and 284 note
Buckle (Henry Thomas, 1823-1862),
his 'History of Civilisation in
England,' Vol. II., cxiv. 183; his
logical perversity, 184; his aversion
to Christianity, 185; on supersti-
tion in Spain and Scotland, 187;
absurdity of the comparison, ib.;
attributes Spanish superstition to
earthquakes, 189; his loose
notions of history, 196; his view
of Scottish history, 200; his idea
of the term 'superstition,' 203;
ignorance of Church history in
Scotland, 206; limits to his merits
as an historian, 211; his absurd
theory of the Scottish Reforma-
tion, 404; fantastic views of the
Covenanters, 414

Buckle (Henry Thomas), on the
inductive and deductive methods,
cxvi. 160

his theory of man's subjec-
tion to material causes, cxx. 466

his paradoxical scepticism as
to hereditary influences, cxxxii. 100
Bucklersbury, origin and early his-
tory of, cxxxi. 174

Buddha, M. St. Hilaire's Life of,

cxv. 379; dates assigned to his
death, 391; evidence of the Lalita
Vistara, ib. 392; his birthplace and
history, 393; origin of his teaching,
396; his existence questioned by
Professor Wilson, 398; his title of
'The Enlightened,' ib. ; admixture
of fiction in his life, 399; his
'four verities,' 403; his doctrines
attributed to Kapila, 404; his
supposed atheism, 405

his date determined by Mr.
Turnour from Buddhist inscrip-
tions, cxxii. 379

compared with Mahomet,

cxxiv. 49

Buddhism, importance of the study

of, cxv. 380; recent knowledge of,
384; discovery of Sanskrit MSS.,
ib.; colossal literature of, 385; the
Mongolian version translated, 386;
value of Mr. Hodgson's researches,
387; knowledge of Sanskrit ne-
cessary, 389; labours of M. St.
Hilaire, ib.; prevalent misconcep-
tions of, 390; proportion of its
disciples to other religionists, 396,
and note; perfection of its moral
code, 400; secret of its success in
India, 402; its conflict with Brah-
minism, ib.; its metaphysical doc-
trines, 403; its doctrines of nihil-
ism, 408

Buddhism, Mr. Fergusson's theory
of its Turanian origin, cxxx. 500;
cxxxviii. 199, 200

in Japan, cxxxviii. 78, 79
Buddhists, fanciful theory of Bud-
dhist missionary relics in Scotland,
cxvii. 60

ancient inscriptions of, de-
ciphered, cxxii. 379; overthrow
of their temporal power, 382; the
Jain creed, ib.; their cave-temples
in India, 384; decay of Buddhism
after the Mauryan Dynasty, 385;
revolution of the Agni Kools,
386; co-existence with Hinduism,
ib.

Buffon (George Louis Le Clerc,

1707-1788), his theory of the de-
generation of species, cxi. 508; his
view of the mutability of species,
509

his idealistic notion of species,
cxxviii. 417
Bugeaud (Marshal 1784-1849), his
contrast between French and
British troops in the Peninsula,
cxxvi. 293

his remark on the British in-
fantry, cxxxii. 523
Building Societies, principle of co-
operation illustrated by, cxxxviii.
115

'Bull-running,' custom of, practised
by early guilds, cxxxiv. 356
Bulwer, Edward. See Lytton, Lord
Bunsen (Chevalier Christian Karl
Josias, 1791-1860), his system of
Egyptian chronology, cxvi. 82; his
'Egyptian Dictionary,' 104; his
dynastic theories unsound, 107;
his arbitrary method of criticism,
110

Bunsen (Chevalier Christian Karl

Josias), interest attaching to
his career, cxxvii. 469; his
thoroughly Germanic character,
470; memoir of, by his widow,
471; his sanguine temperament
and quick sympathies, ib.; early
life and education, 473; his
youthful abilities, ib.; his friends
Mr. Astor and Mr. Cathcart, 474;
his intimacy with Niebuhr at
Rome, 475; made Prussian Mi-
nister, ib.; his marriage, ib.;
his earnest religious devotion,
476; married life at Rome, 477;
his friendship with the Crown
Prince of Prussia, 478; his
welcome by the King at Ber-
lin, 479; diplomatic transactions,
480;
end of his Roman mission,
482; his arrival in England, ib.;
welcomed as a Protestant cham-
pion, 483; his remarks on Mr.
Gladstone's Church and State,'
ib.; on the debates in Parliament,
485; his English sympathies, ib.;
Prussian offers of employment,
486; negotiates with England for
a Protestant bishop at Joppa, ib.,
488; Prussian Minister at St.
James', 489; his social life in
London, ib.; his interview in 1847
with the Queen and Prince Albert,
490; his intimacy with the latter,
493; letters to Baron Stockmar
on England, ib.; on Prussian
affairs in 1848, 494; diplomatic
vexations, 496, 497; recalled from
St. James', ib.; his literary in-

dustry, 498; change in his political
opinions, 499; invited to the
Evangelical Alliance at Berlin,
500; raised to the peerage, 501;
his closing years, ib.
Bunsen (Chevalier Christian Karl
Josias), Prussian Minister at St.
James', cxxxvi. 401; his efforts for
Anglo-German Alliance, ib.

'war

his prediction of a
of religion' in Europe, cxxxviii.
536

(Professor, the Chemist,
b. 1811), his visit to Iceland,
cxiii. 535; his theory of the
Geyser Eruptions, 545

his experiments in spectrum
analysis, cxvi. 304; discovers two
new alkaline metals, ib.

his discovery of cæsium and
rubidium, cxxxi. 59
Buonaparte (Charles Lucien, Prince

de Canino, 1803-1857), Audubon's
description of, cxxxii. 262; his
'Ornithology of America,' ib.

(Jerome Napoleon, 1784-
1860), his marriage with Miss
Patterson, cxxviii. 470

(Lucien, d. 1840), his cha-
racter, by Madame Récamier, cxi.
212

(Napoleon). See Napoleon

Marshal, b. 1782), his letter to the
'Times' in 1868 on the attack on
Sebastopol, cxxviii. 387, 392
Burgundy, Dukes of, their splendid
pomp and hospitality, exix. 532;
wealth of their Flemish posses-
sions, 533; their anomalous posi-
tion as vassals of France, 534;
provinces granted in apanage by
the Crown, ib. ; the House created
afresh in the person of Philip le
Hardi, ib.; John the Fearless,
535; his son Philip's alliance with
Henry V. of England, 536; Philip's
defection from the English, 537;
he dictates peace to Charles
VII., ib.; prosperity of his rule,
537;
affords refuge to the Dau-
phin, ib.; escorts Louis to his
coronation at Reims, 539; he
resigns the towns on the Somme
to Louis XI. 541; reconciled to
his son, the Count of Charolais,
542 (see Charles the Bold); Guel-
dres added to the Burgundian
dominions, 565

Burial, mode of in ancient Carthage,
cxiv. 96

early Jewish use of prayers
for the dead on epitaphs, cxx.
245, 246

modes of, among prehistoric
cave-dwellers, cxxxii. 462; in the
iron age, 478

Burial service, the, objectionable
allusion to the dead, cxiii. 21

urgent need of revision,
cxxvi. 510; scandals of its indis-
criminate use, ib. ; obnoxious clas-
.;
sification of the unbaptised, 511;
proposed alteration of the Rubric,
515

Burke, Sir Bernard, his loose study

of genealogies, cxxi. 342 note
Burke (Edmund, 1730-1797), his
genius compared with Macaulay's,
cxiv. 280-

Windham's notes on, cxxiii.
574; his letter to Windham on

199

his letters to Sir Gilbert
Elliot, cxxxix. 191 (see Minto,
Lord); his 'Considerations on the
French Revolution,' 197

his remarks on constitu-
tions, cxl. 206; on Convocation,
430; on the union of Church
and State, 449

Burke and Wills (Messrs.), their
Australian exploring expedition,
cxvi. 43; succeed in crossing the
continent, 46; their tragic fate,
ib.

their expedition into Central
Australia, cxviii. 331; searching
parties sent after them, ib.
Burleigh (William Cecil, Lord,
1520-1598), his blindness to
Spanish designs, cxiii. 207; his
clandestine negotiations with
Philip II. 208

Mr. Froude's story of his
proposal to dethrone Elizabeth,
cxix. 274

his scheme of a French
marriage for Elizabeth, cxxiv.
501, 502; detects the Spanish
plot against her, 504; his saga-
cious statesmanship, 510
Burlinghame mission in China, the,
cxxxiii. 197

Burmah, trade intercourse of, with

Western China, cxxxvii. 300
Burn (Mr. Robert), his 'Rome and

the Campagna,' cxxxv. 293; his
valuable topography, 317
Burnet (Gilbert, Bishop of Salis-

bury, 1643-1715), the sport of
political ballad-mongers, cxiii. 102
his toleration of polygamy,

cxv. 207

ordered to be burnt, cxxxiv. 188
Burnouf (Eugène), his researches on
Buddhism, cxv. 384; importance
of his labours, 387

Burns (Robert, 1759-1796), his lite-
rary character, cxxi. 322
Burnside (Federal General), his re-
lief by Sherman, cxxi. 258
Burton (Captain), results of his Nile
explorations with Speke, cxii. 324

his expedition in 1857-59,
with Capt. Speke, cxviii. 211; on
the affluents of Lake Tanganyika,

218

on the character of the Be-
douins, cxxii. 496 note
Burton (H.), works of, suppressed,
cxxxiv. 185

Burton (J. Hill), his History of
Scotland to 1688, cxxvi. 238; his
periods adopted from Dr. Robert-
son, 239; his searching spirit of
criticism, 239; his able treatment
of the War of Independence, 240;
on English rights of superiority,
242; his weakness of romantic
description, 252; on Mary and
Bothwell, 261, 262; his love of
truth and impartiality, 263; want
of method, ib.; defects of style,
264; his inaccurate account of the
Comyn family, 265; errors due to
haste, 267; his theory of the Re-
formation in Scotland, 268

his History of Scotland, Vols.
V.-VII., cxxxiv. 100; on Mary's
fortunes after Kirk-o'-Field, ib.;
on the prospects of her reception
in Spain, 101; his injustice to
Knox, 106; his true estimate of
James, 107; impartial treatment
of the Reformation, 108; his cri-
ticism of Sharp, 121; his conclu-
sive condemnation of Charles II.'s
policy, 123; superiority of his
concluding volumes, 128; im-
provement in style, ib.; still open
to charge of inaccuracy, ib.; his

neglect of Scottish jurisprudence,
129; and of educational history,
130; the best historian of Scotland,
ib.

Burton (Robert, 1578-1640), com-
pared by M. Taine to Rabelais,
cxxi. 304

Bury (M. Blaze de), his narrative of

Königsmark's murder, cxvi. 196
Busaco, the Duke of Wellington on
the battle of, cxvi. 59

monastery of, cxxxi. 465;
aspect of the battle-field, 466;
misstatement of Napier, ib.
Busby (Dr.), his Lucretian Didascalic
Poem, cxxii. 254

Bushby (Mr.), his sulphur-workings
in Iceland, cxiii. 538

Bussy (Charles Joseph Patissier,
Marquis de, 1718-1785), his cha-
racter, cxxvii. 554; his daring
imarch to Aurungabad, 555; de-
feats the Mahrattas, 556
Bute (John Stuart, Earl of, 1713-
1792), Dr. Carlyle's sketch of,
cxiii. 175

his alleged early influence
over George III., cxxvi. 5; his
unpopular administration, 11; his
Scotch origin lampooned, 12; his
harsh policy, ib.; retires after the
peace, 14; jealousy of his influence,
14; his visits to the Princess
Dowager watched, 15

Butler (Joseph, Bishop 1692-1752),
his remark on the truth of the
Resurrection, cxix. 604
Butler (Federal General), Lincoln's
partiality to, cxxi. 272; failure of
his campaign against Lee, 282
Butt (Isaac), his 'Plea for the Celtic
race,' cxxv. 187; his ideas of a
peasant proprietary in Ireland, 203;
simplicity of his scheme, 204; on
the unpopularity of the land laws,
205, 208; upholds fixity of tenure
and compulsory valuation, 209

his Irish Federalism,'

cxxxiii. 501; his plan of a local
Parliament at Dublin, 511
Butts (Sir W. and Lady), Holbein's
portrait of, cxxv. 437 note
Buzot (François-Nicolas Leonard,
1760-1793), Madame Roland's
passion for, cxxi. 389; her letters
to him, 390; his portrait found
among her papers, 391; his per-
sonal attractions, 416; conduct
after the September massacres, ib.;
his fearful death, 424
Bynkershoeck (Cornelius Van, 1673–
1763), on the rights of trade be-
longing to neutrals, cxxxv. 561;
on foreign enlistment, 567
'Byre,'early English word explained,
cxxviii. 74

Byron (George Gordon, Lord, 1788-
1824), his contempt for Italian
singers, cxiii. 518

statue of, by Thorwaldsen,

his affected hatred of society
at Geneva, cxix. 434; his inter-
view with Bonstetten, ib.

his egotism exposed by M.
Taine, cxxi. 323

his type of intellectual great-
ness, cxxx. 165; Landor's portrait
of, 246; his wife's remarks on his
Calvinism, 532

his contempt for the Portu-
guese, cxxxi. 453

his intimacy with Hobhouse,
cxxxiii. 290, 294; his death and
burial described by him, 295, 298;
libels on his relations with his
wife, ib.

contemporary estimates of
'Beppo,' cxxxv. 487, 489; the
poem due to Frere, 491; publica-
tion of his 'Don Juan' discussed,
492
Byzantines, the, their dominion in
Sicily, exvi. 363