1795-1855), his affection for Landor, cxxx. 240; their meeting at Cambridge, 248

Harlaw, battle of (1411), cxx. 324 Harley (Robert, afterwards Earl of Oxford, 1661-1724), anomaly of his rise, cxviii. 412; constantly flustered with claret, ib.; Swift's amusements with, 418; his popularity' after Guiscard's attempted assassination, 419; created Earl, ib.; his creation of twelve new peers, 420; scene in the Council at his dismissal, 427; unfavourably received by George I., 428 Harness (Rev. W.), his 'Memorials of Miss Catherine Fanshawe,' cxxii. 323, 324

Harold II. (d. 1066), made the

scapegoat of the Norman conquest, cxxi. 12; his claims to the crown vindicated, 23, 25; national prostration

after his death, 27

perplexing account of his relations with Tostig, cxxx. 193; and of his struggle with William, 191; Mr. Freeman's advocacy of, 214

Harrison (Mr. Frederic), his exculpating Report on Trades' Unions, CXXX. 396

his admiration of the Paris Commune in 1871, cxxxiv. 287 Harrison (John), his improvements in the marine chronometer, cxl. 96

Harrow School, smallness of its endowments, cxx. 148; causes of its popularity, 182

Latin verse-making partially abolished at, cxxvii. 131 note Hart (Sir Anthony), his Irish Chancellorship, cxxxiv. 68 Hartley-Colliery accident, the, cxvi.

213

causes of, cxvii. 419 Hassall (Dr.), his evidence on sewage pollution of rivers, cxxii. 402, 405

Hastings (Warren, 1733-1818), bribed by the Nabob of Oude against the Rohillas, cxxvii. 180, 184; compared with Sir Philip Francis, 186; motion in the Court of Directors for his removal, 189; he refuses to resign, ib.; marries Madame Imhoff, 190; his duel with Francis, 192

his Report of 1772 on rural distress in Bengal, cxxix. 212

his unpopularity before his impeachment, cxxxix. 192 Hatchets, primitive use of coloured stones for, cxxiv. 229 Hatherton (Edward John Littleton,

Lord, d. 1863), succeeds Mr. Hobhouse as Irish Secretary, cxxxiii. 311; his conduct on the Irish Coercion Bill vindicated, ib. 314; his private narrative thereof, ib. note; resumes office under Lord Melbourne, ib.

Hatton (Sir Christopher, d. 1591),

his house in London, cxxxi. 179 Haughton (Professor), on the origin of metallic ores, cxxxi. 53 Haugwitz (Christian Henry Charles, Count, 1758-1832), his timeserving policy, cxl. 308; his treacherous negotiations with Buonaparte, 309 Haussonville (Comte d'), his qualifications as historian of Lorraine, cxii. 59; period comprised in his work, 60; his remarks on French annexation, 85

his Église Romaine et le premier Empire 1800 1814,' cxxviii. 451; his use of unpublished archives, ib.; his views compared with those of M. Thiers, ib.; his dislike of Napoleon's papal policy, ib.

Havelock (Sir Henry, 1795-1857), his
speech to his troops after entering
Cawnpore, cxxxiii. 106
Havre, expulsion of the English from,

cxxx. 371

Hawkesbury (Charles Jenkinson,
Lord, afterwards Earl of Liver-
pool, 1770-1828), his accession as
Prime Minister, cxxxv. 512. See
Liverpool, Earl of
Hawkins (Rev. Ernest), his tabular
statement of colonial episcopates,
cxviii, 560

Hay, family of, legendary origin of
the three escutcheons of, cxxi.
343

Hay (D. R.), his 'Natural Principles
of Beauty as developed in the
Human Figure,' cxl. 183; his ana-
logy of a musical chord disproved,
ib.

Haydn (Joseph,

1732-1809), his
relations with Beethoven, cxxxviii.
371

Haydon (Berjamin Robert, 1786-
1846), exclusion of, from the Royal
Academy, cxviii. 492
Head (Sir Edmund), appointed
chairman of the New Hudson's
Bay Company, exix. 452
Head (Rev. Erskine), ecclesiastical
sentence against, exxi. 173
Hearing, defined as the sensation of
sound, cxxiv. 128

Hearne (Mr.), his exploration of the
Coppermine River, cxix. 447

Hearts of Steel,' farmers' and pea-
sants' association in Ireland, cxxxix.
481
Heat, evolution of, from the earth,
cxiii. 533

the dynamical theory of,
cxix. 2; formerly defined as mo-
tion, 5; modes of generation, 6;
effects produced by friction, 9;
proofs of the immateriality of, 10;
the mechanical equivalent of, 11;
theory of solar heat, 13; author-
ship of the dynamical theory dis-
cussed, 17; phenomena of latent
heat, 22; cosmical phenomena in-
terpreted by, 23

the term ray-force' applied
to, exxii. 425; theory of its pri-

mæval melting of rock-substances,
448

Heat, mechanical equivalent of,
discovered by M. Joule, cxxx. 140;
atomic theory of, 143; absorption
of, by gases, 145

ambiguities besetting the
term, as an element of Force,
cxxxiii. 150; imperfect conceptions
of latent heat, 151

Heath (Mr.), his condemnation by
the Privy Council, cxxi. 176
'Heath v. Unwin,' patent suit of,
cxxi. 590

Heathenism, its unconscious testi-
mony to Christian revelation,
cxxxix. 439

Hebrews, Epistle to the, disputed
authenticity of, exiii. 482
Hecla, eruptions of, cxiii. 541
Hector, Homer's account of his pur-
suit by Achilles, cxxxix. 537
Hedley (Rev. W.), his evidence on
public-school education,

154

CXX.

Heemskerck (Martin van,1498-1574),
edition of his Victories of Charles
V..' by Sir W. S. Maxwell, cxxxii.
67; his collection of portraits, 69;
fate of later engravings, 70; copies
ascribed to Giulio Clovio, 71; the
'Victories' engraved by Coorn-
hert, ib.; the title criticised, 84
Heer (Dr. Oswald), his Monde
Primitif de la Suisse,' cxxxix. 151;
his valuable researches, ib.; his
previous work on the 'Tertiary
Flora of Switzerland,' 172; ac-
count of the Swiss glacial epoch, 178
Heft, meaning of the word, cxxx

106; the phrase 'tender-hefted' in
Shakspeare, ib.
Helicarnassus, the Mauseoleum at,
testimony to its architectural
beauty, cxvi. 462; period of its
destruction unknown, ib.; problem.
of its restoration, 463; discovery
of bas-reliefs, 464; its site dis-
covered by Mr. Newton, 465; ac-

count given by Vitruvius, 469; subsequent notices of, 471; its destruction probably caused by an earthquake, ib.; completely decayed in 1472, 472; its ruin completed by the Knights of Rhodes, ib.; Pliny's description, 474; contradictory accounts of its dimensions, ib.; positive data for restoration, 477; position of the chariot group, 479; height of the pyramid, 480

Heliostat, the, invention of, cxviii. 386

Hellenicus, his Homeric criticisms, cxxxiii. 358-360

Hellenists, the, early Jewish sect of, cxxxviii. 47

Helmholtz (H.), his work on Sound, cxxvii. 103; on the transmission of sensations through the nerves, 108; his discovery of overtones, 122; his novel apparatus, 124 Helper (Mr. H. Rowan), his compendium on 'The Impending Crisis of the South,' cxii. 568; his arguments against indifference on the Slave question, 569; excitement caused by his book, 571 Helps (Sir Arthur, 1817-1875), his "Thoughts upon Government,' cxxxvi. 83; his scientific treatment of his subject ib.; his optimist views of British government, 86; defence of paternal' government, 93; on the evils of routine, 105; his defence of councils, ib. 107; objections to open competition in the Civil Service, 109; on the primary duties of government, 111; his criticisms on the House of Lords, ib. Hemero-baptistæ, the religious sect of, cxxiv. 13

Heminge and Condell, their editio

princeps of Shakspeare, cxxxvii. 68 Hendriks (M. Frederic), his panphlet on the Decimal Coinage, cxxiv. 383; his precedents for re

adjustment of the Mint Exchange, 396 Henrietta Anne (of England, Duchess of Orleans, 1644-1670), unfounded suspicions of her death by poison, cxix. 84; St. Simon's belief in the story, 85

Henry II. (1132-1189), importance of his reign recognised by Sir F. Palgrave, cxxi. 39

his government of Anjou, cxxvii. 90, 91; his tomb at Fontevrault, ib.

Henry IV. (1366-1413), doubtful genuineness of his portrait at Windsor Castle, cxxiv. 350 Henry V. (1388-1422), his friendship with the House of Burgundy, cxix. 536

Henry VI. (1422-1461), versions of his death, cxv. 298 Henry VII. (1457-1509), historical importance of his reign, cxvii. 382; his Spanish negotiations illustrated by the Simancas Papers, 387; his influence over De Puebla, 390; his conduct to the Princess Katharine, 401; project of his marriage with the Queen of Naples, 403.

Gairdner's memorials of, cxxi. 200; foreign intrigues, 205; story of Perkin Warbeck, ib.; his patronage of Tyrrel, 208; his interview with Warbeck in prison, 209 (see Warbeck, Perkin); intricate foreign intrigues, 213; his attempts to secure the Earl of Suffolk, 215, 216; his fear of Suffolk exaggerated, 219; his relations with Rome, ib., 220; on the proposed crusade against the Turks, ib., 221

Henry VII., his overtures of marriage to Juana of Castile, cxxxi. 356 Henry VIII. (1491–1546), his statesmanlike policy to Ireland, cxiv. 377

Simancas Papers on the

validity of his marriage with
Katharine, cxvii. 399
Henry VIII., his services to the Re-
formation exaggerated by Mr.
Froude, cxix. 250; his retrogressive
policy illustrated by the Six Arti-
cles, ib.

his cruel sentence on Lam-
bert, cxxi. 165 note

his court and person
de-
scribed by Mr. Brewer, cxxiii. 248;
his view of Mary's marriage with
Suffolk, 259

portraits of, by Holbein,
CXXV. 434-437

his misguided Scottish policy,
cxxvi. 257; his complicity in the
death of Beaton, 258

his enlightened intentions
towards Ireland, cxxxiv. 51

his invasion of Scotland, cxl.
336; his policy towards Convoca-
tion, 433

Henry IV. (Emperor of Germany,

1050-1106), his contest with
Gregory VII., exviii. 369, 370;
marches on Rome, ib.; retreats
before Robert Guiscard, ib.
Henry II. (of France, 1518-1559),

his project of annexing Scotland,
cxviii. 253

Henry III. (of France, 1551-1589),

refuses the sovereignty of the
Netherlands, cxiii. 189; his in-
trigues with Spain against Eng-
land, 193

Henry III. (of France), signs the
treaty of Nemours, cxxxii. 308;
excommunicated, ib.; his assassi-
nation approved by Sixtus V., 321
Henry IV. (of France, 1553-1610),

his defection from Protestantism,
cxxiv. 99; his address to the Par-
liament on the Edict of Nantes,
101; his desire for religions unity
in France, 102; his corpse disin-
terred in 1793 at St. Denis, 362

his relations with Condé,
cxxx. 378; the hope of the Hugue-

nots, 379; his victory at Coutras,
381; his passion for Marguerite
de Montmorency, 385; the war of
1610, 387; his death, 388; cha-

racter by the Duc d'Aumale, ib.
Henry IV. (of France), his accession,
cxxxii. 321; scheme of Sixtus V.
for his conversion, 322

-

his project of French su-
premacy in Europe, cxl. 109; his
scheme to drive the Spaniards
from the Netherlands, ib.; negotia-
tions with Barneveldt, 113; speech
at his interview with the ambas-
sadors, 114; his preparations for
war against Austria, ib.; his as-
sassination, 116; its effects on
France, 117; M. Guizot's apology
for his defection from Protestant-
ism to Rome, 223

Henry II. (of Lorraine, d. 1624), his
policy, cxii. 64; quarrel with his
brother Francis, ib.

Henry (Prince of Portugal, the
Navigator,' 1394-1460), Life of,
by Mr. Major, cxxviii. 200; his
claims to admiration, 201; im-
perfect knowledge of, in England,
ib.; Mr. Major's use of State ar-
chives, 202; his birth and pa-
rentage, ib.; early scientific studies,
203; his capture of Ceuta, 204;
his attempts to circumnavigate
Africa, 205; his slender materials
of knowledge, 209; discoveries on
West Coast of Africa, ib. 214; his
settlement of Madeira, ib.; Gil
Eanne's successful voyage to the
Cape, 215; his failure against
Tangiers, 216; he composes affairs
in Portugal, 217; his later ex-
plorations in Africa, ib.; home dis-
sensions, 222; he captures Alçaçar,
ib.; his services to navigation,
223; his death, ib. ; character, 224;
African voyages after his death,
ib.; obligations of Columbus to, 233

his tomb described, cxxxi.
463; his illustrious descent, ib.

Heraclitus (b. about B.C. 503), his
astronomical theories, cxvi. 91

his doctrine of 'perpetual
flux,' cxxiii. 348, 349
Heraldry, manuals on, cxxi. 328;
instinctive love of tracing ancestry,
ib.; feudal titles, 329; origin of
coats of arms, ib.; English usage
of nobility, 330; titles of nobility
abroad, ib.; German equivalents to
English barons, 331; feudal asso-
ciations of, 332; duties of modern
officers of arms, ib.; neglect of, in
last century,333; recent interest in,
ib.; origin of systematic heraldry,

.; hereditary use of, 334; the
term 'coat of arms,' ib.; 'Honour-
able Ordinaries,' ib.; legends of
old heralds, 335; commemorative
bearings, ib.; small number of
original coats in Scotland, 338;
Highland coats, 340; usage as to
'supporters,' ib.; family legends
in Scotland, 341; 'canting arms,'
342; Scottish heraldic establish-
ment, 344; legal aspect of, ib.;
heralds' visitations in England,
345; the Register and Lyon
Court in Scotland, ib.; prosecutions
in Scotland, 346, 347; Scottish
seals, 348; materials for study of, ib.
Herat, taken by Dost Mahomed from
the Persians, cxxv. 17
Herbert (Sidney, Lord, 1810-1861),
his evidence on colonial defence,
cxv. 114; deprecates fortification
of colonies, 117
Herbert (Lord), his appointment
to the Board of Control, cxl.
529

Herbert (Mr.), his painting of the
'Descent of Moses from the
Mount,' cxx. 106, 107; cxxiii. 28;
his self-denial regarding remunera-
tion, 30, 31

Herculaneum, the Papyri of, cxvi.
318; disappointment of hopes ex-
cited by their discovery, 320;
labours of Neapolitan editors, 322;

dryness of their publication, 325;
experiments of Sir Humphry
Davy, 327; process of unrolling,
328; reprints of original editions,
329; their value that of isolated
fragments, 331; light thrown on
Epicurean literature, ib.; their
interest confined to scholars, 346
Herder (Johann Gottfried von, 1744-
1803), his theory of humanity,
cxxxix. 420

Hereditary influences, Buckle's scep-

ticism refuted by Darwin, cxxxii.
100, 101; popular belief in, ib.;
transmission of physical qualities,
102; want of scientific principle,
ib.; notion of hereditary fertility,
103; Mr. Galton's analysis of the
peerage, ib. ; instances of credulity,
105; transmission of intellectual
faculties, 109; doctrine of here-
ditary talent qualified, ib., 112;
ability transmitted in families, 117;
pertinacity of family types illus-
trated, ib., 118; 'Atavism,' 119;
talent is heritable, 120; special ap-
titudes in families, ib.; heritability
of genius discussed, 123, 124; ap-
parent brevity of transmission of
ability in families, 125. See
Galton, Mr. F

Hereditary Monarchy, value of, de-
termined, cxxxiii. 10 ·
Herluin, founder of the Abbey of

Bec, cxxx. 202; his character, ib.
Hermæ, mutilation of the, cxiii.
461

Herminjard (M.), his collection of
letters of the French Reformers,
cxxiv. 86

Herodians, the, early Jewish sect of,
cxxxviii. 47

Herodotus (B.c. 484-413), English
translations of, cxi. 32; superiority
of Mr. Rawlinson's version, ib.;
cuneiform and hieroglyphical dis-
coveries, 33, 35; criticisms on, as-
cribed to Plutarch, 36; his im-
partial spirit, ih.; unfairly attacked