OF THE COLLISION BETWEEN THE RIGHTS OF BELLIGERENTS AND NEUTRALS, 157 ART. I. Of the Conventional Law of Europe, as to the capture of the goods of an enemy on board of a neutral ship, II. Of the primitive and universal Law of Nations, concerning the capture of the goods of enemies on board ibid. neutrals, ibid. No. I. Declaration of the empress of Rus- 26, 1780. II. The Memorial presented to their high mightinesses by Prince Gallitzin, III. Answer from the king of Spain to 370 XIII. Additional instructions to the com- manders of British ships of war XIV. Additional instruction, 6th Novem- XV. Instructions for the commanders of British ships of war and priva- XVI. Instructions to the commanders of THE MARITIME LAW OF EUROPE. PART SECOND. Of the Maritime Law of Europe in time of War. Of the Origin and Causes of Maritime Wars. § 1. THE sole aim of man, from the first moment of his existence, is the pursuit of pleasure, or the avoidance of pain, by every means which may bring him nearer to the one, or remove him further from the other. A being harmonious, composed of fibres, alive to each impression, and susceptible of every emotion, his heart is torn with grief, or exhilarated 1 Progress of population. bosom of the mother affords nourishment to the first wants of her offspring, and the vigorous arm of the father procures subsistence and support for their adolescent state.(2) 4. By the frequent intercourse of the sexes, domestic population is increased; by the use of property, and the necessity of labour, individuals are multiplied; wants augment with numbers; a single family becomes the nursery of many others, which extending one after another, until no longer able to live extraneam. Itaque viro calores et frigora perpetienda, tum etiam itinera et labores pacis ac belli, id est, rusticationis et militarium stipendiorum, distribuit; mulieri deinceps, quòd omnibus his rebus fecerat inhabilem, domestica negotia curanda tradidit. Et quoniam hunc sexum custodiæ et diligentiæ assignaverat, idcirco timidiorem reddidit, quàm virilem: nam metus plurimùm confert ad diligentiam custodiendi. Quòd autem necesse erat foris et in aperto victum quærentibus nonnunquam injuriam propulsare, idcirco virum, quàm mulierem, fecit audaciorem. Quia verò partis opibus æquè fuit opus memoriâ, et diligentiâ; non minorem feminæ, quàm viro, earum rerum tribuit possessionem. Tum etiam, quód simplex natura non omnes res commodas amplecti volebat, idcirco alterum alterius indigere voluit; quoniam, quod alteri deest, præstó plerumque est alteri. This differs widely from the system of some modern female philosophers....T. Sed (2) Commune item animantium omnium est conjunctionis appetitus, procreandi causa, et cura quædam eorum, quæ procreata sunt. inter hominem et belluam hoc maxime interest, quod hæc tantum, quantum sensu movetur, ad id solum, quod adest, quodque presens est, se accommodat, paululum admodum sentiens præteritum aut futurum. Homo autem.. facile totius vitæ cursum videt, ad eamque, degendam præparat res necessarias. Cic. de Offic. lib. 1, cap. 4. .... |