A. C. About 2 Arise, go to Nineveh, that" great city, and cry against 787. it; for their wickedness is come up before me. n Gen. x. 11, 12, ch, iii. 2, 3. a native of Gath-hepher, in the tribe of Zebulun; a town in the most remote part of that district. This province was that part of the district of Galilee, more particularly called Galilee of the Gentiles, on account of the great admixture of people who had forced themselves into the country, and had brought with them their various forms of worship. In the midst of these lived Jonah, who appears to have been more or less affected with the idolatry of this mixed multitude, and to have imbibed an idea, very prevalent among the Pagan nations, that particular gods presided over particular districts, or provinces. In conformity to this doctrine, he considers Jehovah as the local God of Judea, and in order to escape from his presence he "rose up to flee unto Tarshish." And for this purpose " he went down to Joppa." At the latter place was worshipped a marine deity, Derceto, Atergatis, or Cetus, θαλάσσιος ἰχθὺς παμμεγέθης, a sea fish of an immense size; and Jonah, who at this time must have apostatized from the faith of the true God, would, without doubt, now commit himself to the protection of this idol, and we must conclude that "when the mariners were afraid, and cried every one unto his god," that they invoked this sea deity. What must have been their astonishment then, on throwing Jonah overboard, to behold him swallowed up by their own god, who was thus converted into an unresisting instrument of punishment and preservation by the God of heaven, " which hath made the sea and the dry land," on whom the prophet in his distress had pro fessed to believe! But to give a more unequivocal and general demonstration of the weakness and helplessness of this deified monster of the deep, Jonah, after having passed three days and three nights in the belly of the fish, was brought back again to Joppa, (the very place he had so lately left,) and in the immediate view of the temple of Derceto, and in the presence of its numerous votaries, the prophet was disgorged from the belly of their god! That Jonah was ejected at Joppa seems to be confirmed by the large bones of such an animal being there preserved. Pliny mentions these enormous bones, and informs us they were brought as a great curiosity to Rome, and they were exhibited by M. Scaurus in his Ædileship. The ribs appeared more in height than those of an Indian elephant, and the length of the bones forty feet. The history of Jonah has been esteemed by many as merely allegorical and descriptive; but it cannot for a moment be considered in this light, when it is remembered that our Lord himself refers to it as a type of his own imprison ment in the bosom of the earth; and he alludes, likewise, to the history of Jonah as a fact, when he declares that the Ninevites repented at his preaching. Without this incontestible evidence, there is a reason and fitness throughout the whole relation, which wonderfully prove the propriety, justice, wisdom, and power of the Supreme Being, and the object and design of this miracle. No punishment could have been more analogous to the offence of the prophet, and no appeal more convincing to the idolaters, of the inferiority of their powerless god. To this miracle may be attributed, in great measure, through the mercy of God, the successful preaching of Jonah to the Ninevites. Vide "Observations upon some Passages of Scripture, which the enemies to Religion have thought most obnoxious, and attended with difficulties not to be surmounted," by Jacob Bryant, 4to. p. 199, &c. &c. 787. 3 But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the pre- A.C. About sence of the LORD, and went down to Joppa; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go down with them unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD. 4 But the LORD * sent out a * Heb. cast great wind into the sea, Hel and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship † was like to be broken. 5 Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god, and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it of them. But Jonah was gone down into the sides of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep. 6 So the shipmaster came to him, and said unto him, What meanest thou, O sleeper? arise, call upon thy God, if so be that God will think upon us, that we perish not. 7 And they said every one to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah. 8 Then said they unto him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose cause this evil is upon us; What is thine occupation? and whence comest thou? what is thy country? and of what people art thou? 9 And he said unto them, I am an Hebrew; and I fear the LORD, the God of Heaven, which hath made the sea and the dry land. +Heb thought 10 Then were the men ‡ exceedingly afraid, and said: Heb. with unto him, Why hast thou done this? For the men knew great fear. that he fled from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them. 11 Then said they unto him, What shall we do unto thee, that the sea § may be calm unto us? for the *wrought, and was tempestuous. sea Heb. may be silent from us. || Or, grew and more tempestuous 12 And he said unto them, Take me up, and cast me 13 Nevertheless the men + rowed hard to bring it to the + Heb. digged. 14 Wherefore they cried unto the LORD, and said, We beseech thee, O LORD, we beseech thee, let us not perish for this man's life, and lay not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O LORD, hast done as it pleased thee. 15 So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging. 16 Then the men feared the LORD exceedingly, and fered a sacrifice unto the LORD, and made vows. § of-ficed Heb. stood. Heb. sacri. a sacri fice unto the LORD, and vowed vows. 1 A. C. About 17 Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the * belly of the fish three 787. o Matt, xii. 40, days and three nights. & xvi. 4. Luke p Ps. cxx. 1. + Or, out of JONAH II. 1 The prayer of Jonah. 10 He is delivered from the fish. 1 Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly, 2 And said, I cried + by reason of mine affliction unto mine affliction. the LORD, and he heard me; out of the belly of ‡ hell cried Or, the grave. I, and thou heardest my voice. Heb. heart. 3 For thou hadst cast me into the deep, in the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about: all thy billows and thy waves passed over me. 4 Then I said, I am cast out of thy sight; yet I will look again toward thy holy temple. q Ps. lxix. 1. 5 The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. || Heb.cuttings هff 6 I went down to the || bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars was about me for ever: yet hast thou * Or, the pit. brought up my life from * corruption, O LORD my God. 7 When my soul fainted within me I remembered the LORD: and my prayer came in unto thee, into thine holy temple. 8 They that observe lying vanities forsake their own mercy. 9 But I will sacrifice unto thee with the voice of thanksgiving; I will pay that that I have vowed. Salvation is of the LORD. 10 And the LORD spake unto the fish, and it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. JONAH III. 1 Jonah, sent again, preacheth to the Ninevites. 5 Upon their repentance, 10 God repenteth. 1 And the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the second time, saying, 2 Arise, go unto Nineveh, that great city, and preach unto it the preaching that I bid thee. 3 So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh, according to + Heb. of God. the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an † exceeding great city of three days' journey. 4 And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown. 787. -5 So the people of Nineveh 'believed God, and pro- A.C. About claimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them. 6 For word came unto the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and he laid his robe from him, and covered him with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. t Matt. xii. 41. Luke xi. 32. 7 And he caused it to be proclaimed and * published * Heb. said. through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his no- + Heb. great bles, saying, Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing: let them not feed, nor drink water: 8 But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands. men. 9 Who can tell if God will turn and repent, and turn u Joel ii, 14. away from his fierce anger, that we perish not. 10 And God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not. JONAH IV. 1 Jonah, repining at God's mercy, 4 is reproved by the type of a gourd. 1 But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. 2 And he prayed unto the LORD, and said, I pray thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before unto Tarshish: for I x ch. 1. 3. knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to y Ex. xxxiv. anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the evil. 5. Joelii. 13. 3 Therefore now, O LORD, take, I beseech thee, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live. 6. Ps. lxxxvi. 4 Then said the LORD, † Doest thou well to be angry? Or, Art thou 5 So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side greatly angry? of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see what would become of the city. 6 And the LORD God prepared a § || gourd, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah * exceeding glad of the gourd. Or, palmHeb. Kika. crist. jon. was * Heb. rejoiced with great joy. 7 But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered. 8 And it came to pass, when the sun did arise, that God prepared a + vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon + Or, silent. the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live. A. C. About 9 And God said to Jonah, * Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, + I do well to be angry, even 787. *Or, Art thou unto death. greatlyangry? + Or, I am 10 Then said the LORD, Thou hast I had pity on the greatly angry. gourd, for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest Heb. was the it grow; which came §up in a night, and perished in a Or, spared. son of the the night. 784. Or, sanctu ary. * Heb. house dom. night: 11 And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle? SECTION V. Death of Jeroboam the Second. 2 KINGS XIV. VER. 28. 28 Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, how he warred, and how he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, which belonged to Judah, for Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? AMOS VII. VER. 10, TO THE END. 10 Then Amaziah the priest of Beth-el sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words. 11 For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel shall surely be led away captive out of their own land. 12 Also Amaziah said unto Amos, O thou seer, go, flee thee away into the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and prophesy there : 13 But prophesy not again any more at Beth-el: for it is the king's || chapel, and it is the * king's court. 14 Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was of the king- no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son; but I was an † Heb. from behind. 15 And the LORD took me as I followed the flock, and the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel. 16 Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: ■ Ezek. xxi. 2. Thou sayest, Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac. 17 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the city, and thy sons and thy daughters shall fall |