w, and wheel v, keyed to the shaft m2; which train actuates the screws E, E, with a diminished speed, and causes the carriage c, c, c, to move very slowly, while effecting the extra stretch of the yarns. When the wheel v, is thrown into gear with the shaft m2, for moving the carriage by the slower speed, the clutch q, is made to lock the wheel L, to the main driving shaft G; which wheel L, being of larger diameter than the wheel H, and taking into the wheel K, fixed on the shaft M, gives an increased rotary movement to the shaft M, and consequently causes the spindles to revolve with a greater speed, to effect the extra twist.

In spinning yarns of lower numbers, when only about one inch of stretch may be required, the slow movement of the carriage toward the end of its run may be effected simply by forming the last coils of the threads of the screws E, E, of a finer rake; that is, more acute than on the other parts of the screw; which variation in the rake of the threads also produces a temporary pause in the traversing of the carriage, and thereby affords the necessary time for backing off.

After the carriage has run out, the retrograde rotation of the spindles for backing off the yarn is performed in the following manner :-A ratchet wheel T, fixed on the grooved shaft M, is with its shaft turned by a vibrating lever click u, acted upon by a rotary cam or wiper v, on the shaft R; the extent of rotary movement given to this ratchet wheel T, and its shafts, will depend upon the extent of depression given to the lever click u, which is to be reduced as the cop fills, according to the quantity of backing off movement required by shortening the extent of the wiper v. The wiper v, is formed by a bolt sliding through a box or collar on the cam shaft, and this bolt is acted upon by a screw behind it,

the head of which screw has its edge cut with ratchet teeth.

As the cam shaft goes round, carrying this wiper, one of the teeth of the edge of the screw-head is brought against an oblique tooth or small click, fixed on the frame, which turns the screw by slow degrees, and by that means the length of the wiper will become gradually shortened, and consequently the extent of depression given to the lever by the wiper as it goes round will be in the same proportion diminished. At this time, that is, during the backing off, the clutch q, being withdrawn from the wheel H, the shaft м, is enabled to turn freely such portion of a rotation as may be given to it by the depression of the lever click acting upon the ratchet T; which movement is communicated through the bevel wheels N, to the longitudinal shafts Q, Q, and hence to the drums; and by these means is produced the retrograde rotation of the spindles to the extent required.

In order to work the faller wire by which the yarns are guided, in winding them on to the spindles, I employ a perpendicular rod, connected with the arms of the faller wire; which rod is progressively raised by a roller at its lower end, running against an inclined plane, as the mule carriage goes in. The arrangements of this part of the apparatus will be best seen in the sectional elevation of the carriage, fig. 4; but it is also shown in the plan view, fig. 1.

The faller wire is, as usual, extended along the front of the carriage, supported by bent arms or levers fixed to the horizontal shaft 3, 3: upon this shaft is also fixed a disc 4, which with the mechanism for regulating the action of the faller wire, that is, varying the left and building the cop, is shown more clearly, and upon an

enlarged scale, in the detached figs. 9 and 10. On the faller shaft is mounted, as a lever hanging loosely, the frame 5, 5, 5, which is held up by a counter-weight 6. A rim of spur teeth round the bowl-shaped pinion 7, upon the perpendicular shaft 8, acting within this frame 5, takes into a rack formed in the interior of the frame between two ledges, which ledges are pressed against by the curved surfaces of the bowl-shaped pinion, and as the shaft 8, rises and falls, the frame 5, rises and falls with it. At the lower end of the perpendicular rod 8, (see fig. 4) the roller 9, is mounted, which runs. against the under surface of the inclined plane 10, 10, fixed on the ground under the carriage. The carriage having been run out to its extent, the roller 9, is brought to the lower edge of the inclined plane 10, by the operation of a bell-crank lever 11, the upper arm of which, by pressing upon the axis of the roller 9, depresses it.

This action of the bell-crank lever 11, is produced by a cam 12, upon the shaft R, mounted in the framing of the driving gear, which, as it revolves, forces back the rod 13, connected to the bell-crank lever 11, and thereby gives the movement to the lever required. The roller 9, having been thus brought to the lower side of the inclined plane 12, as shown at fig. 4, the carriage is then made to run in by the following means:

The rotation of the cam 14, on the shaft R, before described, now causes the lever which it acts upon to throw the sliding clutch 11, into the clutch of the pulley x, when, by means of a band leading to the pulley Y, fixed on the shaft which carries the bevel wheel z, that pulley shaft and wheel are made to revolve, and to drive the shaft m2, in the opposite direction of that formerly described, and, consequently, to turn the screws or worm shafts E, E, the reverse way,

which will traverse the carriage inward. As the carriage runs in, the roller 9, acting against the under side of the inclined plane 10, 10, allows the perpendicular rod 8, to rise gradually, and with it the faller apparatus ; by which means the faller wire is made to guide the yarns in a spiral curve as they wind on the spindle.

す

In laying the yarns upon the spindle so as to form the cop bottom, it is necessary, as the operation proceeds gradually, to increase the lift; that is, the altitude of the coils upon the spindles, and also to reduce the extent of the arc in which the faller wire shall move, for the purpose of laying the successive coils higher up the spindles. This is done by the following means: namely, by raising the bowl pinion 7, higher up its rod 8, and by shifting in the frame 5, nearer toward the shaft 3. To the upper part of the bowl pinion 5, a wheel 15, is affixed, which wheel has ratchet teeth; and to one of the supports of the faller shaft 3, and immediately over the edge of the wheel 15, there is attached a horizontal arm 16, which has oblique teeth, every time that the rod 8, is lifted, which is done by the counter-weight 6. When the carriage has run in, the teeth of this wheel 15, comes in contact with the oblique teeth of the arm 16, which, consequently, gives to the wheel 15, and to the bowl pinion 7, affixed to it, a small portion of a rotary movement; and by a succession of these movements, the bowl pinion is progres-sively raised up the rod 8, by means of the left-handed screw-thread near its top, and also moved forward in the rack of the frame 5, towards the shaft 3.

This movement of the bowl pinion 7, goes on until it has passed through all the teeth of the rack in the frame 5, and has arrived in the position shown by the dots in figs. 9, and 10, at which time the cop bottom

VOL. VIII.

C

will have been completely formed. It will now be seen that on the carriage having run out, the descent of the rod 8, as described, will depress the frame 5; and the edge of this frame bearing against a stud or pin fixed in the side of the disc 4, will cause the faller shaft 3, and with it the faller wire, to be brought down into the position shown in fig. 10, so as to guide the yarns on the spindles at the lower part of the cop bottom.

The cop bottoms having been formed, the frame 5, must be still raised, in order to regulate the descent of the faller wire in building up the cop; and this is done by causing the bowl pinion 7, and wheel 15, to continue moving up the rod 8, by the means before described. For the purpose of enabling the pinion 7, to act in a rack of the frame 5, at whatevere levation the frame may stand, each tooth of the rack is attached to the frame by a centre pin, by which they are enabled to turn into any position into which the action of the pinion may have a tendency to force them.

In order to wind the yarn on to the spindles as the carriage runs in, a worm on the longitudinal shaft m2, (see fig. 1,) acting in the teeth of a pinion on the short transverse shaft o, causes that shaft to revolve, and with it the toothed snail and its wheel 17, which are connected together, and locked to the shaft by a spring click 14, shown in the elevation of the driving gear at fig. 5. This winding-on apparatus will be best seen in the detached horizontal fig. 11, and elevation fig. 12, which are drawn upon a larger scale. The teeth of the snail 17, take into an intermediate wheel 18, which drives the pinion connected on the small transverse 19, by a ratchet click. Upon this shaft a wheel 20, turns loosely, which wheel has a cylindrical box 21, attached to it; the wheel 20, and box 21, being made to revolve with the