especially from an enemy like the French, who is "so execrated in Portugal," and who has been in Portugal before; nay, who is now brin, ing along with him, that very Tartar, Junot, who was caught in Portugal before? It were a jest indeed that the Portuguese army should desert from Marshal Beresford under such circumstances!

which seem calculated to make us believe, that our army, instead of that of the French, is wasting away.We have seen, week after week, that the army of Massena is deserting. Poles, Swiss, and many besides, to a total amount of a considerable army. We have, at the same time, been told of the fidelity and gallan try of our allies. And, shail we now listen to such stories as this about the " de"sertion from the Portuguese army" under INDIAN ARMY. -It is not often, that I' the command of Marshal Beresford Oh! think it worth while to meddle with any no: we will not believe this er, at anything belonging to "our Empire in the me, let us not believe, that the deserters, East," nor would it be very consistent for some of whom have been punished, and me to do so, considering what my opinions others condemned to the mines, make any are with respect to the utility of that fapart of the thirty thousand Portuguese mous "empire;" but, there is a paper, that we pay let us never believe this. It which has been published in some of our may be that Portuguese “-peasants" have public prints, and especially in the Coubeen thus treated. Here is a contradic- RIER of the 22d instant, which seems to retion in terms: they are called the army quire particular notice.It purports to and peasants in one and the same sentence. be a letter written to one of our governors There must be some mistake. It may be in India by the Commander of a Division that Pori uguese peasants have been pu- of the army of the East India Company, nished, or condemned to the mines, with a on the 21st of July, 1809. Its contents view of inducing them, or others, to fight are so interesting, that I think it right to in defence of their native country; this place them here immediately under the may be; but, nothing shall make me be- eye of the reader; and, I am the more lieve, and I never will believe, that this disposed to make this an object of ge has been the case with respect to any neral observation, because I have not part of the thirty thousand men whom we yet seen any publie print that has made are paying in Portugal, where, with the a single remark upon it." TO LIEUexception of the deaths of the year, I still "TENANT COLONEL BARCLAY, MILITARY look upon us as having an army of SIXTY "SECRETARY TO THE HON. THE GOVERTHOUSAND fighting men:- -It is very "NOR.Trinchinopoly, July 21, 1809.—Sir; odd, that we are still in the dark as to "On a further consideration of your letter the numbers of the French army. We have of the 14th inst. I think it necessary for intelligence of all sorts except this. We the information of the Hon. the Gover are told about every movement that takes "nor, to enter more fully into a detail of place; the most exact and minute details" the state of the native troops under my are given us, as to all other points; but,"command, with a view to the measures upon this point, yielding to no other in "most likely to prevent the evils that importance, we never hear one word. I must ensue from the present seditious am very anxious to know the numbers of state of the European officers. Upon a MASSENA; because, after all, what glory" general view of the European officers of shall we and our allies gain in beating the corps, taken from a constant close him, unless it appears, that he has a supeattention to their own manner and opiriority of numbers? The Morning Post, nions, and from various reports I have during the week before last, stated, that "heard at different times, directly and inwe had complete military possession of " directly, I believe that most, if not the Portugal, and that," besides the natural "whole of the European officers hold opi"strength of the country, there were va- "nions that are incompatible with the subor"rious fortified places, which were ade- «dination necessary to make an army useful to "quately garrisoned, and must be regu- its country. The sentiments that I alluded "larly besieged" before the enemy could get on; further, that all the resources of the country were in our hands; and, that the people were all hearty in the cause and strenuous in their exertions. This

being the case, what have we to fear; and

to are, the conceiving themselves la" bouring under grievances, and uniformly "avowing their right to claim and enforce "from Government a redress of them, according to the temper, pursuits, and

« circunstances of the different officers, as

if such a paper had been written by one of the French Commanders in Spain or Italy or Holland?--I do not, however, wish to represent this as a matter to excite alarm amongst the people of this kingdom; for I am quite of MR. SPENCE'S opinion, that the nation would be more powerful and safe without India than with India; but, if there be persons who think differently, it is, I think, time for them to look about them; for, if this letter do not contain intelligence alarming to them, I do not know what can alarm them. Government purely military may, for a time at least, be strong and firm; but, to a government, where there is any mixture of civil rights tolerated, a vast military force must finally be dangerous. The offi cers, serving in India, have, I dare say, carried out with them, those opinions that are incompatible with the subordination “ne

"

cessary to make an army useful to its "country" in the sense in which MR. WILKINSON takes the word useful; and, how are those principles to be got out of them? It is very likely, indeed, that their opi nions are not compatible with the subor

"they are more or less inclined to despe"rate measures; many of them being "ruined in their fortunes, would be willing "to undertake any thing that might pro"bably produce a change. Although I "do not think that any native corps will "risk any opposition to Government "when in garrison with a King's regi"ment, yet I should much question their "conduct if removed to any distance by "themselves; and I am fully of opinion, "if in any case they were called upon to "act against each other, they would instantly "become non-efficient. Having an army "of officers so generally disaffected, you will "observe that my conclusions are guided "much by the information contained in your letter of the 14th inst. However "well inclined the sepoy may be at pre"sent (and which I believe him to be "most perfectly), it must follow by the "means of misrepresentations and pro"mises, which officers always have the "means of making to the soldier, that the "whole of the native troops must, sooner "or later, become a seditious army and "hostile to government. Such appearing "to be the present situation of the Com-dination necessary in India; but, what "pany's troops, in order to avoid the calamity of a civil war, I beg leave to offer "my opinion, that stronger measures "ought to be pursued, instead of those that have hitherto been adopted, no less "than a reform of the native troops appearing to be necessary. There seems "to be only one mode that will answer "that purpose, besides that of its entire "reduction, which is that of removing the "whole of the European officers from the "native corps. It is an undertaking cer"tainly unprecedented, and at first view "may be thought difficult to be accom"plished. I am, notwithstanding, con"vinced that, with secrecy, proper arrange "ment, and a simutaneous movement, the "most of the native troops in the Carnatic "may be changed in one day, from a "seditious to a loyal army. I have "the honour to be, &c. W. WILKINSON, "Colonel Commanding S. Division."

One would alnost suppose this to be a forgery. Not on account of its contents, but on account of its publication.-If, however, it be authentic, what a state must the "Empire" be in? What should we think of Napoleon's cmpire, if one of his commanders were to make such a report ? This is the way to judge of the effect that such news as this will produce in the world. What would our public prints have said,

will be gained by displacing them? That is the question.-With such scanty information before us, we cannot form any very correct judgment upon the subject; but, if the letter be really what it purports to be, the intelligence from India must very soon be of an important nature.

"

MR. A. O'CONNOR.The following paragraph has appeared in all the London prints. The following is the extract of "a letter from Arthur O'Connor, dated "from his farm about 18 miles from "Paris, the 13th July, 1810. You did "me but justice in contradicting that I "ever had the smallest connection or "hand in any Newspaper in this Country.

They little know my feelings who "think I could ever ineddle in such things in these times. Neither my head, hand or heart have been engaged by such affairs for many years; and since I left Scotland scarce have

#

cessors; and there shall be a constant and or exemptions, in matters of commerce universal peace and harmony between and navigation that are granted or may themselves, their heirs and successors, hereafter be granted to the subjects kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, of the most favoured nation. IV. subjects, and vassals, of whatsoever quali- His Britannic Majesty, and his Royal ty or condition they be, without exception Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, of person or place; and the stipulations of do stipulate and agree that there shall be this present Article shall, under the favour a perfect reciprocity on the subject of the of Almighty God, be permanent and per- duties and imposts to be paid by the ships petual.II. There shall be reciprocal and vessels of the high contracting parliberty of commerce and navigation be- ties within the several ports, harbours, tween and amongst the respective subjects roads, and anchoring places belonging to of the two high contracting parties in all, each of them; to wit, that the ships and and several the territories and dominions of vessels of the subjects of his Britannic either. They may trade, travel, sojourn, Majesty shall not pay any higher duties or establish themselves in all and several or imposts (under whatsoever name they the ports, cities, towns, countries, pro- be designated or implied) within the dovinces, or places whatsoever belonging to minions of his Royal Highness the Prince each and either of the two high contract- Regent of Portugal, than the ships and ing parties, except and save in those from vessels belonging to the subjects of his which all foreigners whatsoever are gene- Royal Highness the Prince Regent of rally and positively excluded, the names Portugal shall be bound to pay within of which places may be hereafter specified the dominions of his Britannic Majesty, in a separate article of this treaty. Pro- and vice versa. And this agreement and vided, however, that it be thoroughly un-stipulation shall particularly and exderstood, that any place belonging to either of the two high contracting parties, which may hereafter be opened to the ⚫ commerce of the subjects of any other country, shall thereby be considered as equally opened, and upon correspondent terms, to the subjects of the other high contracting party, in the same manner as if it had been expressly stipulated by the present treaty. And his Britannic Majesty, and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, do hereby bind and engage themselves not to grant any favour, privilege, or immunity, in matters of commerce and navigation, to the subjects of any other State, which shall not be also at the same time respectively extended to the subjects of the high contracting parties, gratuitously, if the concession in favour of that other State should have been gratuitous, and on giving, quam pressime, the same compensation or equivalent, in case the concession should have been conditional. The subjects of the two Sovereigns respectively shall not pay in the ports, harbours, roads, cities, towns or places whatsoever, belonging to either of them, any greater duties, taxes, or imposts (under whatsoever names they may be deported in British or in Portuguese ships or signated or included) than those that are paid by the subjects of the most favoured nation; and the subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall enjoy within the dominions of the other, the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities,

pressly extend to the payment of the duties known by the name of Port Charges, Tonnage, and Anchorage Duties, which shall not in any case, or under any pretext, be greater for British ships and vessels within the dominions of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, than for Portuguese ships and vessels within the dominions of his Britannic Ma jesty, and vice versa.-V. The two high contracting parties do also agree, that the same rates of bounties and drawbacks shall be established in their respective ports upon the exportation of goods and merchandizes, whether those goods or merchandizes be exported in British or in Portuguese ships and vessels, that is, that British ships and vessels shall enjoy the same favour in this respect within the do minions of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, that may be shown to Portuguese ships and vessels within the dominions of his Britannic Majesty, and vice versa. The two high contracting parties do also covenant and agree, that goods and merchandizes coming respectively from the ports of either of them, shall pay the same duties, whether im

vessels, or otherwise, that an increase of duties may be imposed and exacted upon goods and merchandizes coming into the ports of the deminions of his Royal High ness the Prince Regent of Portugal from those of his Britannic Majesty in Briush

seas of Asia; that is, that neither of the high contracting parties shall grant any favour or privilege in matters of commerce and navigation, to the subjects of any other state trading within the ports and seas of Asia, which shall not be also granted quam proxime, on the same terms to the subjects of the other contracting party. His Britannic Majesty engages in his own name, and in that of his heirs and successors, not to make any regula lation which may be prejudicial or incon, venient to the commerce and navigation of the subjects of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, within the ports and seas of Asia, to the extent which is or may hereafter be permitted to the most favoured nation. And his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal does also engage in his own name, and in that of his heirs and successors, not to make any regulations which may be pre

ships, equivalent, and in exact praportion to any increase of duties that may hereafter be imposed upon goods and merchandizes coming into the ports of his Britannic Majesty from those of his Royal Highness the Prines Regent of Portugal, imported in Portuguese ships. And in order that this matter may be settled with due exactness, and that nothing may be left undetermined concerning it, it is agreed, that tables shall be drawn by each Government respectively, specifying the difference of duties to be paid on goods and merchandizes so imported in British or Portuguese ships and vessels; and the said tables (which shall be made applicable to all the ports within the respective dominions of each of the contracting parties) shall be declared and adjudged to form part of this present Treaty In order to avoid any dif ferences or misunderstanding with respect to the regulations which may respec-judicial or inconvenient to the commerce tively constitute a British or Portuguese vessel, the high contracting parties agree in declaring, that all vessels built in the dominions of his Britannic Majesty, and owned, navigated, and registered ac cording to the laws of Great Britain, shall be considered as British vessels. And that all ships or vessels built in the countries belonging to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, or in any of them, or ships taken by any of the ships for vessels of war belonging to the Portuguese Government, or any of the inhabitants of the dominions of his Royal Highnes the Prince Regent of Portugal, having Commissions or Letters of Marque and Reprisal from the Government of Portugal, and conflemned as lawful prize in any Court of Admiralty of the said Portuguese Government, and owned by the subjects of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, or any of them, and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners, at least, are subjects of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, shall be considered as Portuguese vesselsi-VI. The mutual commerce and navigation of the subjects of Great Britain and Portugal respectively in the ports and seas of Asia, are expressly permitted to the same degree as they have heretofore been allowed by the two Crowns. And the commerce and navigation thus permitted, shall hereafter, and for ever, be placed on the footing of the commerce and navigation of the most faYoured nation trading in the ports and

and navigation of the subjects of his Britannic Majesty within the ports, seas and dominions opened to them by virtue of the present Treaty. VII. The two high contracting parties have resolved with respect to the privileges to be enjoyed by the subjects of each of them within the territories or dominions of the other, that the most perfect reciprocity shall be observ ed on both sides. And the subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall have a free and unquestionable right to travel, and to reside within the territories or dominions of the other, to occupy houses and ware. houses, and to dispose of personal property of every sort and denomination, by sale, donation, exchange or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, without any the smallest impediment or hindrance thereto. They shall not be compelled to pay any taxes or imposts under any pretext whatsoever, greater than those that are paid or may be paid by the native subjects of the Sovereign in whose dominions they may be resident. They shall be exempted from all compulsory mili tary service whatsoever, whether by sea or land. Their dwelling-houses, warehouses, and all the parts and appurtenances thereof, whether for the purposes of commerce or of residence, shall be respected. They shall not be liable to any vexatious visits and searches, nor shall any arbitrary examination or inspection of their books, papers, or accounts be made under colour of the supreme authority of the State...It is, however, to be understood, that in the